山西省运城市2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省运城市2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AProfilepicturesDefinitionAprofilepictureistheimagethatrepresentsasocialmediaaccountinallitsinteractionsonaplatform.Profilepicturesaredisplayednexttotheaccountnamesonposts,commentsandmentions,dependingontheplatform.Profilepicturesmakeavisualimpactonsocialmediausersandpotentialcustomers,makingitimportantforbusinessestoselecttherightimages.Foracompany,aprofilepictureshouldbethebestpartofthatbrand’simage,usuallycombiningitslogo.HowtoselectaprofilepictureProfilepicturesshouldbeeasilyrecognizableasbelongingtoyourbusiness.Whileusinganindependentlogoisthemostcommonstrategy,somebrandsusealifestyleimagethatincludesthatlogo.Otherbrandsrelymoreonaperson—arecognizable“faceofthebrand”.Ifthisisyourmarketingstrategy,yourprofileimageshouldbecreativeandattractive:●Useprofessionalphotographyanddesign.●Colorfulimagesarebetteratcatchingpeople’seyes.●Photosshouldbetakeninbrightlight.●Showasmilingface.Ifyouhavemultiplesocialmediaoutlets,usethesameprofilepictureoneveryplatformtocreateaconsistentbrandimage.Aboveall,usehigh-qualityimages.Keepinmindafewbasicrules:●Imagesshouldbeclear.●Makeimagessimpleandvisuallystriking.●Alwaysmeetrequirementsoftheplatform’simagesize.Iftheplatformallows,addadescriptiontoyourprofilepicturethatincludeslinkstoyourwebsite.1.Whyisitvitalforabusinesstochooseaproperprofilepicture?A.Aprofilepictureisequaltoabusiness.B.Aprofilepicturehasavisualinfluenceonpotentialcustomers.C.Aprofilepictureisusuallydisplayednexttotheaccountnames.D.Aprofilepictureisoftenthebestpartofacompany’sbrandimage.2.Whichprincipleshouldbefollowedwhenchoosingaprofilepicture?A.Avoidphotostakeninbrightlight.B.Alwaysusealifestyleimagewiththelogo.C.Makeimagessimpleaswellasvisuallyappealing.D.Adoptvariousprofilepicturesfordifferentsocialmediaoutlets.3.Whereisthetextlikelytobefound?A.Onabusinesswebsite. B.Onabusinessforum.C.Inanacademicreport. D.Inaschoolbrochure.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.A【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章为企业公司介绍了社交媒体上使用的头像的定义、重要性以及选择头像方法策略。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Definition中第二段的“Profilepicturesmakeavisualimpactonsocialmediausersandpotentialcustomers,makingitimportantforbusinessestoselecttherightimages.(头像对社交媒体用户和潜在客户产生视觉影响，因此企业选择合适的图片非常重要。)”可知，对于企业来说，选择合适的头像的重要性在于头像对潜在客户具有视觉影响。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Howtoselectaprofilepicture中“Makeimagessimpleandvisuallystriking.(使图像简单，视觉上引人注目。)”可知，选择头像时应该遵循的准则是让图像既简单又具有视觉吸引力。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章的读者对象是企业公司，为其介绍了社交媒体上使用的头像的定义、重要性以及选择头像方法策略。因此，文章应该可以在商业网站上找到。故选A项。BTheChinesefashionicon,qipao,wasbornacenturyagoinShanghai.However,thedressmadeitswaythroughhistoryfromthehandsofoldcraftsmenandisdeep-rootedinChineseculture.“Qipaousedtobesopopular,”LeungLong-kong,89,awell-knownqipaocraftsman,says,addingthatthedresswasaneverydayoutfitamongwomen,fromthelesswell-offtowomenatthehighestlevelsofsociety.“Now,nobodyiswearingthemexceptongrandandhappyoccasions.”Tocarryonthetradition,fashiondesignerMaryYu,41,whohasbeenattendingclassesteachingknotbutton-makingtechniques,istryingtorenewthedesignofqipaobytakingsymbolsfromChinesehistoryandliterature.“IfeelIshouldlookintoChinesecultureandlearnmoreaboutthepast.Peopleshouldhaveanin-depthunderstandingoftheircultureinordertomoveon.Fashiondesignrequiresaprofoundknowledgeofone’sculturebeforevisualizingit.Afteraperiodofwearingforeignbrandsallthetime,therewillbeadaywhenonelooksbacktotraditionalChineseculture.Itisaboutfindingthestuffthatexistsinyourgenesandsuitsyoubest,”Yusays.Yusetupherownqipaobrandin2016.MostoftheclothesweremadebytailorsbasedinShenzhenandHangzhou,fortheirlowercostandmoretraditionalwork.Intheconstantlyevolvingfashionindustry,qipaoiscatchingupwiththetimes.Zippers,digitalprintpatternsandnewmaterialssuchaslaceanddenimhavebeenintroducedtoanewgeneration.Moredaringideaslike3Dprintedqipaohavealsobecomeareality.Yubelievedthatwiththehelpofthesenewtechnologies,qipaowillfinditswaybacktothedailylifeofChinesepeopleinthenearfuture.4.Howpopularwasqipaointhepast?A.EveryShanghaiwomanworeqipao.B.Variouswomenworeqipaoasaneverydayoutfit.C.Onlywomenofthehighestrankworeqipaoeveryday.D.Everywomanworeqipaoongrandandhappyoccasions.5.HowisMaryYutryingtogivenewlifetoqipao?A.Sheisteachingknotbutton-makingtechniques.B.Sheisseekingwaystocutdownthecostofmakingqipao.C.SheistakinginspirationfromChinesehistoryandliterature.D.Sheisattemptingtobreakawayfromtheinfluenceofforeignbrands.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMaryYu?A.Cautiousandpersistent. B.Patrioticandconservative.C.Innovativeandpassionate. D.Considerateandambitious.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Qipao:WheretoGo? B.Qipao:aTreasureLostC.Qipao:WhentoWear? D.Qipao:aSymbolofWealth〖答案〗4.B5.C6.C7.B【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。旗袍诞生于一个世纪前的上海，盛极一时，并深深植根于中国文化，现在，41岁的时装设计师玛丽·余尝试赋予旗袍这一遗失的宝藏新的生命力。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“addingthatthedresswasaneverydayoutfitamongwomen,fromthelesswell-offtowomenatthehighestlevelsofsociety(她补充说，从不太富裕的女性到社会最高阶层的女性，这种裙子都是女性的日常着装)”可知，在过去，旗袍是社会各阶层女性的日常着装。故选B。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Tocarryonthetradition,fashiondesignerMaryYu,41,whohasbeenattendingclassesteachingknotbutton-makingtechniques,istryingtorenewthedesignofqipaobytakingsymbolsfromChinesehistoryandliterature.(为了延续这一传统，41岁的时装设计师玛丽·余一直在上打结纽扣制作技术的课程，她试图通过从中国历史和文学中汲取符号来更新旗袍的设计。)”可知，玛丽·余尝试通过从中国历史和文学中汲取灵感来赋予旗袍新的生命。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Tocarryonthetradition,fashiondesignerMaryYu,41,whohasbeenattendingclassesteachingknotbutton-makingtechniques,istryingtorenewthedesignofqipaobytakingsymbolsfromChinesehistoryandliterature.(为了延续这一传统，41岁的时装设计师玛丽·余一直在上打结纽扣制作技术的课程，她试图通过从中国历史和文学中汲取符号来更新旗袍的设计。)”可知，玛丽·余富有创新精神和激情。故选C。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“TheChinesefashionicon,qipao,wasbornacenturyagoinShanghai.However,thedressmadeitswaythroughhistoryfromthehandsofoldcraftsmenandisdeep-rootedinChineseculture.(中国的时尚标志旗袍诞生于一个世纪前的上海。然而，这种连衣裙从古老的工匠手中走过了历史，并深深植根于中国文化。)”和第二段最后一句“Now,nobodyiswearingthemexceptongrandandhappyoccasions.(现在，除了在盛大和快乐的场合，没有人穿它们。)”可知，文章主要是讲41岁的时装设计师玛丽·余尝试赋予旗袍这一遗失的宝藏新的生命力。故选B。CDoyousometimesignoreyourmomwhilechattingwithfriends?Ifyou’reateen,that’sfairlycommon.Andanewstudymayexplainwhysomanyadolescentstuneouttheirmoms’voices.Sciencehasshownthatyoungchildren’sbrainsarewelladaptedtotheirmothers’voices.Butaschildrengrowintoteenagers,everythingischanging.Thelatestresearchshowsthatteenagers’brainsarenowmoreadaptedtothevoicesofstrangersthantheirownmothers.ThisiswhatDanielAbramsexplains,whoisaneuroscientistatStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicineinCalifornia.Abramsandhiscolleaguesalreadyknewthatyoungerkids’brainsrespondmorestronglytotheirmoms’voicesthantoastranger’s.“Inadolescence,weshowtheexactoppositeofthat,”Abramssays.Forteens,thesebrainregionsrespondmoretounfamiliarvoicesthantotheirmoms’.Thisshiftinwhatvoicearousesinterestmostseemstohappenbetweenages13and14.That’swhenteenagersareinthemidstofpuberty(青春期),aroughlydecade-longtransitiontoadulthood.Theseareasintheadolescents’brainsdon’tstoprespondingtotheirmoms,Abramssays.It’sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemorerewardingandworthyofattention.Here’swhy:Askidsgrowup,theyexpandtheirsocialconnectionswaybeyondtheirfamily.Sotheirbrainsneedtobeginpayingmoreattentiontothatbroaderworld.“Aswemature,oursurvivaldependslessandlessonmaternal(母亲的)support,”saysLeslieSeltzer,abiologicalanthropologistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison.Shewaspartoftheteamthatcarriedoutthat2011study.Instead,shesays,“Werelymoreandmoreonourpeers—friendsandothersclosertoourownage.”Abramssaidthatalthoughteenagersandtheirparentssometimesfeelfrustratedwithmissinginformation,itdoesn’tmatter.“Thisisthewaythebrainconnects,andthereisgoodreason.”8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“tuneout”inParagraph1mean?A.Showrespectto. B.Cooperatewith. C.Paylittleattentionto. D.Singintunewith.9.Howdoteenagersbehavedifferentlyfromtheirchildhood?A.Theyarefamiliartotheirmothers’voices.B.Theyaremoreexcitedhearingtheirmothers’voices.C.Theyrespondmorestronglytostrangers’voicesthantotheirmothers’.D.Theydeliberatelyignoretheirmothersoutofadesiretobeindependent.10.Whyisthereachangeinteenagers’responsetotheirmoms’voices?A.Theirbrainsjuststoprespondingtotheirmoms.B.Theirmoms’voicesbringthemastrongsenseoffrustration.C.Theirmoms’voicesarenolongerrewardingandworthyofattention.D.Theirbrainsneedtopaymoreattentiontosocialconnectionsoutsidetheirfamily.11.WhatdoesAbramsthinkofthechangeinfamilyrelations?A.Disturbing. B.Inspiring. C.Insignificant. D.Disappointing.〖答案〗8.C9.C10.D11.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项科学发现，即对于青少年来说，他们的大脑区域对不熟悉的声音的反应比对妈妈的声音的反应更大。【8题详析】词义猜测题。根据第一段“Doyousometimesignoreyourmomwhilechattingwithfriends?(你有时会在和朋友聊天的时候忽略你的妈妈吗?如果你是青少年，这很常见)”可知，青少年在跟朋友聊天时会忽略妈妈的声音。因此可以推断出划线短语的含义与“ignore忽略”相近，即不太关注。故选C。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Forteens,thesebrainregionsrespondmoretounfamiliarvoicesthantotheirmoms(对于青少年来说，这些大脑区域对不熟悉的声音的反应比对妈妈的声音的反应更大)”可知，与母亲的声音相比，青少年对陌生人的声音反应更强烈。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Here’swhy:Askidsgrowup,theyexpandtheirsocialconnectionswaybeyondtheirfamily.(原因如下：随着孩子们的成长，他们会将自己的社会关系扩展到家庭之外)”可知，青少年的大脑需要更多地关注家庭以外的社会关系，所以对妈妈声音的反应上会产生变化。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Abramssaidthatalthoughteenagersandtheirparentssometimesfeelfrustratedwithmissinginformation,itdoesn’tmatter.(Abrams说，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会因为不了解孩子的信息而感到沮丧，但这不重要)”可知，Abrams认为这一变化对家庭关系的影响是不重要的，即微不足道的。故选C。DAroundhalfthepeopleweconsiderourfriendsdon’tconsiderustheirsinreturn,asrecentresearchindicates.Aswiththefamousfindingthatalmosteveryonethinksthey’reinthetop50%ofsafedrivers,wecan’tallbetheoneswiththerightsenseofwhoreallylikesus.Andifwe’restrugglingthroughlifewithsuchawrongunderstandingofoursocialcircles,whataboutalltheotherreceivedwisdomaboutfriendship’simportance?Ithasbeenfoundthatfriendskeepusphysicallyhealthy,aliveforlonger,lesspossibilityofdepressionandmorefinanciallysuccessful—buthowmuchofthat,especiallywhentheresearchisbasedonself-reports,comesfromthoseactuallyhavingfriends,insteadofthosebelievingthattheydo?Perhapsitshouldn’tbesurprisingtolearnthat,whenitcomestofriendship,we’reinthecontrolofanego-boostingmisconception(自我膨胀的错误想法):that’strueinmanysidesoflife.Peoplewithhealthyself-esteemusuallyoverestimateboththeirinterpersonalskillsandtheircontroloverevents.Somepsychologistsfindthatmildlydepressedpeoplehaveanexactergraspoftheirabilitiesthanthenon-depressed.Youneedn’treactstronglytothethoughtthatyour“friends”mightsecretlynotlikeyousincethisparticularstudyfocusedonuniversitystudents.It’swell-knownthatoursocialcirclesbecomesmalleraswegrowup,toooften,especiallyinafriend-starvedoldage.Butisn’titpossiblethatthisdecreaseisbetterthoughtofaswinnowing(筛选)thelistoftruefriends,aswefocusonthosefriendshipsthatareactuallyreciprocated(回报),whilewequitthosewhodon’ttreatusinthesamewayaswetreatthem?Therearecertainlyreasonstoworryaboutalonelinesscrisisamongtheelderly,buthavingonlyafewfriendsmaynotbegoodevidenceforit.IfImakeittomyfinalyearswithonlyahandfuloffriendships,it’snotasadstate,becauselifehasdecreasedthemdowntotheonesthatreallycount.I’dcallitanefficientuseofmyremainingtime.12.WhydoestheauthormentionthefamousfindinginParagraph1?A.Tostatethatnotallpeoplejudgetheirdrivingabilityappropriately.B.Toillustratethathumanscan’tassesstheirfriendsproperly.C.Toarguethatwedon’tunderstandsocialcircles.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceoffriendship.13.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Friendshipisofgreatsignificanceforourlife.B.Friendshipmaynotbesoeasytodevelopasitappears.C.Previousresearchfindingsaboutfriendshipmaybewrong.D.Previousresearchonfriendshipislargelybasedonself-reports.14.Accordingtosomepsychologists,whohavethebestunderstandingoftheirownabilities?A.Thosewithhighself-esteem. B.Thosewithseveredepression.C.Thosewithslightdepression. D.Thosewithhealthyself-esteem.15.What’stheauthor’ssuggestionfortheseniorsintermsoffriends?A.It’ssadtohaveonlyafewfriends.B.It’sbettertohaveagreatmanyfriends.C.It’sessentialtoquitfriendsoflessimportance.D.It’stotallyacceptabletohavejustafewtruefriends.〖答案〗12.B13.C14.C15.D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。一项研究表明，在我们认为是朋友的人中，大约有一半的人并不认为我们是他们的朋友。文章由此出发，认为有关友谊重要性的论断可能并不准确，而且随着年纪增长而缩小的朋友圈可以被更好地理解为筛选真朋友的过程，让我们得以专注于真正的友谊。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Aswiththefamousfindingthatalmosteveryonethinksthey’reinthetop50%ofsafedrivers,wecan’tallbetheoneswiththerightsenseofwhoreallylikesus.(正如一项著名的发现，几乎每个人都认为自己是安全驾驶员的前50%，我们不可能都是对谁真正喜欢我们有正确感觉的人。)”可知，著名的有关安全驾驶员的自我判断其实并不准确，因此作者提到这个发现是为了说明实际上人们也不能正确地评估朋友。故选B项。【13题详析】主旨落大意题。根据第三段“Ithasbeenfoundthatfriendskeepusphysicallyhealthy,aliveforlonger,lesspossibilityofdepressionandmorefinanciallysuccessful—buthowmuchofthat,especiallywhentheresearchisbasedonself-reports,comesfromthoseactuallyhavingfriends,insteadofthosebelievingthattheydo?(研究发现，朋友让我们身体健康、寿命更长、抑郁的可能性更小、经济上更成功——但其中有多少来自那些真正有朋友的人，而不是那些自认为有朋友的人，尤其是当这项研究基于自我报告的时候？)”可知，之前的基于自我报告的、很有可能来自那些自认为有朋友的人的有关友谊的研究得出的结论实际上可能并不准确，可能是错误的。故选C项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Somepsychologistsfindthatmildlydepressedpeoplehaveanexactergraspoftheirabilitiesthanthenon-depressed.(一些心理学家发现，轻度抑郁的人比没有抑郁的人更能准确地把握自己的能力。)”可知，有些心理学家认为轻度抑郁的人最了解自己的能力。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“IfImakeittomyfinalyearswithonlyahandfuloffriendships,it’snotasadstate,becauselifehasdecreasedthemdowntotheonesthatreallycount.I’dcallitanefficientuseofmyremainingtime.(如果我在生命的最后几年里只有很少的友谊，那也不是一种悲伤的状态，因为生活已经把它们减少到了真正重要的那些。我认为这是对我剩余时间的有效利用。)”可知，作者认为老年阶段仅有的很少的友谊实际上是真正重要的那些，有利于有效利用剩余的生命。因此，作者会建议老年人坦然接受只有几个真正的朋友的事实。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ibelievealmosteveryonewouldliketwothingsfromtheirjobsandcareers:successandhappiness.Theywanttodorelativelywellfinancially,receivefairrecognitionfortheiraccomplishments,enjoytheirworkasmuchasonecan,andbecomehappierasapersonasaresult.Somanypeople,especiallyambitious,hard-workingpeople,simplifytheminalogicalway:Theyfirstseeksuccessandthenassumethatsuccesswillleadtohappiness.____16____.Chasingsuccesshascoststhatcanenduploweringhappiness.Thisisnottosaythatyouhavetochoosebetweensuccessandhappiness.____17____.Butyouhavetoreverse(颠倒)theorderofoperations:Insteadoftryingfirsttogetsuccessandhopingitleadstohappiness,startbyworkingonyourhappiness,whichwillenhanceyoursuccess.Whetheryouareanemployeeoremployer,itisabetterinvestmenttoincreasehappinessatworkandinlife,ratherthansimplytryingtoincreasemeasuresofsuccess.____18____.Nomatterhowmuchyouenjoyyourwork,overworkwillbecomeanobstruction(阻碍)towell-being.Onceworkquantityisundercontrol,happinessatworkrequiresasenseofmeaningandpurpose.____19____.Earnedsuccessimpliesasenseofaccomplishmentandrecognitionforajobwelldone,whileservicetoothersrequiresknowledgeoftherealpeoplewhobenefitfromyourwork.Ultimately,althoughsuccessandhappinessarelinked,themagicmostlyworksone-way—andnotinthewaythatmostpeoplethink.____20____,andmayleadyoutounhappiness.Butworkingonyourhappiness.givesyouthebestchanceatgettingboth.A.YoucanobtainbothB.ButthisreasoningisfaultyC.It’sfairlyreasonabletothinkthisway,thoughD.Workingonyoursuccesstogethappierisinefficientatbest(充其量)E.ThefirstthingtorememberisthathappinessrequiresbalanceF.It’sdangeroustopursuesuccessinsteadofhappinessG.Thetwokeyaspectsofmeaningfulworkareearnedsuccessandservicetoothers〖答案〗16.B17.A18.E19.G20.D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。说明了成功和快乐的关系并非非此即彼，而是互为补充，要处理好二者关系。【16题详析】上文“Theyfirstseeksuccessandthenassumethatsuccesswillleadtohappiness.”（他们首先追求成功，然后便认为成功将会带来快乐。）说明了一些人的逻辑，与下文“Chasingsuccesshascoststhatcanenduploweringhappiness.”（追求成功的代价可能是最终降低幸福感。）是对立的关系，说明上文的逻辑是错误的。B项“Butthisreasoningisfaulty”（但是这种逻辑是错误的）承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。【17题详析】上文“Thisisnottosaythatyouhavetochoosebetweensuccessandhappiness.”（这并不是说你不得不在成功与快乐之间做出选择。）说明成功和快乐并不是矛盾的，是可以兼得的。故A项“Youcanobtainboth”（你可以二者兼得。）符合题意。故选A项。【18题详析】下文“Nomatterhowmuchyouenjoyyourwork,overworkwillbecomeanobstruction(阻碍)towell-being.”（无论你多么喜欢你的工作，超时工作都会变成快乐生活的阻碍。）说明快乐来自于喜欢，但要懂得适度和平衡，否则再喜欢的工作也会变成阻碍。与E项“Thefirstthingtorememberisthathappinessrequiresbalance”（要记住的第一件事就是快乐需要平衡）句意契合。故选E项。【19题详析】下文“Earnedsuccessimpliesasenseofaccomplishmentandrecognitionforajobwelldone,whileservicetoothersrequiresknowledgeoftherealpeoplewhobenefitfromyourwork.”（获得成功意味着成就感和对出色工作的认可，而服务他人意味着需要了解那些从你的工作中受益的人。）说明了“Earnedsuccess”和“servicetoothers”两方面的内容，与G项“Thetwokeyaspectsofmeaningfulworkareearnedsuccessandservicetoothers”（有意义的工作的两个关键就是获得的成功和对他人的服务。）中两个关键一致。故选G项。【20题详析】下文“andmayleadyoutounhappiness”（可能会导致你不快乐）说明前面的事情是消极不好的做法。结合下句“Butworkingonyourhappiness.givesyouthebestchanceatgettingboth.”（但是致力于快乐，你会有机会二者兼得。）可知，前面的做法是与其相反的。故D项“Workingonyoursuccesstogethappierisinefficientatbest”（致力于成功而得到的快乐是远远不够的。）符合题意。故选D项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youneverreallyknowhowyou’llreacttoanemergencysituationuntilithappenstoyou.Manypeople____21____whenthingsgowrong,butothersinstinctivelyknowhowtotakecharge.ThankfullyforagroupofstudentsinTopsham,Maine,brothersConnorandSeamusfellintothe____22____category.ConnorandSeamuswereridingthebustoschoolonemorningwhenConnorsawthe____23____Arthursufferamedicalemergencyandfallontothefloorheavily.Thebuswent____24____,headingtotheditch(渠)ontheright.Connorwholearnthowtodriveknew____25____whathehadtodo.“Iroseandpressedonthebrakeandtoldmyyoungerbrothertocall911,”hesaid,recallinghisthoughtsinthemoment.“Ineedto____26____thisbusbeforeitgoesintotheditch.”Theteenagerheldthe____27____whilejamminghisfootontothebrake.Meanwhile,Seamusdialed911immediatelyandthenbegantodirecttheother____28____togetoffthebusquickly.Allthewhile,hekept____29____andevenpausedtogiveacryingstudenta(n)_____30_____.WhileSeamushandledtheotherkids,ConnorandanotherstudenthadjuststartedgivingArthurCPRwhenthepolicearrivedonthescene.Usingadefibrillator(除颤器),they_____31_____togetthevictim’sheartbeatingagain.Thebrothersarebeing_____32_____fortheiraction.Thepolicesaytheykeptthesituationundercontrolandpreventedanyoneelsegetting_____33_____.“Butforthem,maybewewouldhave_____34_____thebestchance,”saidGomez,apoliceman.“Thankthemfor_____35_____andbeingheroes.”21.A.complain B.panic C.accept D.escape22.A.latter B.later C.former D.first23.A.teacher B.driver C.coach D.passenger24.A.outofcontrol B.inflames C.outofwater D.intopieces25.A.directly B.constantly C.naturally D.instantly26.A.identify B.drive C.record D.stop27.A.seat B.ring C.wheel D.door28.A.crew B.students C.customers D.police29.A.still B.calm C.silent D.awake30.A.hug B.nod C.applause D.laugh31.A.happened B.determined C.managed D.attempted32.A.praised B.rewarded C.criticized D.promoted33.A.anxious B.lost C.upset D.hurt34.A.forgot B.ignored C.missed D.skipped35.A.showingup B.hangingout C.stickingaround D.steppingup〖答案〗21.B22.A23.B24.A25.D26.D27.C28.B29.B30.A31.C32.A33.D34.C35.D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了公交车司机突发疾病致使全车人处于危险之中，Connor和Seamus两兄弟沉着冷静地帮助学生们脱离了危险，并及时救治了司机。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当出现问题时，许多人惊慌失措，但其他人本能地知道如何控制局面。A.complain抱怨；B.panic惊慌；C.accept接受；D.escape逃跑。根据下文“butothersinstinctivelyknowhowtotakecharge”可知，前后文是转折关系，面对问题，一些人会惊慌，其他人本能地知道如何控制局面。故选B项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，缅因州托普舍姆的Connor和Seamus兄弟属于后面这类。A.latter后者的；B.later较晚的；C.former前者的；D.first第一位的。根据文章的讲述可知，公交车司机突发疾病致使全车人处于危险之中，Connor和Seamus两兄弟沉着冷静地帮助学生们脱离了危险，可见他们属于后者，知道在出现紧急情况时，如何控制局面。故选A项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，Connor和Seamus乘坐公共汽车去上学，这时候突然Connor看到司机ArthurMcDougall遭遇紧急医疗事故，重重地摔在地板上。A.teacher老师；B.driver司机；C.coach教练；D.passenger乘客。根据下文“Thebuswent_______,headingtotheditch(渠)ontheright.”可知，是司机突发疾病，故选B项。【24题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：公共汽车失去控制，朝着右边的沟渠开去。A.outofcontrol控制；B.inflames熊熊燃烧；C.outofwater缺水；D.intopieces成碎片。根据下文“headingtotheditch(渠)ontheright”可知，公共汽车失去控制，故选A项。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：学会了如何开车的Connor马上就知道该怎么做了。A.directly直接地；B.constantly不断地；C.naturally自然地；D.instantly立刻。根据下文“Iroseandpressedonthebrakeandtoldmyyoungerbrothertocall911”可知，Connor站起来踩刹车，让兄弟拨打911，所以此处指他立即就知道该怎么做。故选D项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得在这辆车掉到沟里之前把它停下来。A.identify认出；B.drive驾车；C.record记录；D.stop停靠；停止。根据下文“beforeitgoesintotheditch”可知，要在车掉进沟里之前停车，故选D。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个少年一边握着方向盘，一边用脚猛踩刹车。A.seat座位；B.ring戒指；C.wheel(汽车、轮船等的）方向盘；D.door门。根据下文“whilejamminghisfootontothebrake”和上文这个青少年要停车可知，他一边抓着方向盘，一边猛踩刹车，故选C项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Seamus立即拨打了911，并开始指挥其他学生赶快下车。A.crew全体船员；B.students学生；C.customers顾客；D.police警察。根据下文“evenpausedtogiveacryingstudent”可知，车上是上学的学生，故选B项。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：始终，他保持冷静，甚至停下来拥抱哭泣的学生。A.still静止的；B.calm镇静的；C.silent沉默的；D.awake醒着的。根据前文“Theteenagerheldthe_______whilejamminghisfootontothebrake.”以及他所做的其它的事情可知，面对危险，他非常镇静。故选B项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.hug拥抱；B.nod点头；C.applause鼓掌；D.laugh笑。根据上文“evenpausedtogiveacryingstudent”可知，Seamus非常镇静地处理一切，甚至停下来去拥抱哭着的学生，安慰他们。故选A。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过除颤器，他们成功地让受伤者的心脏恢复了跳动。A.happened发生；B.determined决定；C.managed设法做到；D.attempted努力。根据下文“togetthevictim’sheartbeatingagain”可知，他们用除颤仪成功让司机恢复了心跳。故选C项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对兄弟因他们的行为而受到赞扬。A.praised表扬；B.rewarded奖励；奖赏；C.criticized批评；D.promoted促进。根据下文“Thankthemfor________andbeingheroes.”可知，这对兄弟受到表扬。故选A项。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：警方表示，他们控制住了局势，防止了其他人受伤。A.anxious焦急的；B.lost迷茫的；C.upset失望的；D.hurt受伤的。根据前文“Thepolicesaytheykeptthesituationundercontrol”可知，局面被控制住了，因此没有人受伤，故选D项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gomez，一个警察说：“要不是他们，也许我们会错过最好的机会。”A.forgot忘记；B.ignored忽视；C.missed错过；D.skipped跳过。根据下文“Butforthem”和下文“Thankthemfor________andbeingheroes.”和两兄弟的指挥和救治很及时可知，如果不是他们及时地联系警察，警察的救援错过最后的控制局面的机会。故选C项。【35题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：感谢他们挺身而出，成为英雄。A.showingup出现；B.hangingout闲逛；C.stickingaround徘徊；D.steppingup走向前去。根据前文“Connorwholearnthowtodriveknew_______whathehadtodo.”可知，兄弟俩挺身而出救人，警察表扬他们是英雄，故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Bird-watchinghasbeenincludedinapublicbenefitprogram“ParkClasses”inWuhanschools.____36____(bury)inbooksandhavinglittleaccesstotheoutsideworld,manystudentsdon’thavethe____37____(little)ideaofwhatnaturereallyis.Thisprogramisdesigned____38____(raise)theawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionamongschoolkids,____39____oftenfeelgreatlyrefreshedbyappreciatingthegraceoftheadorablecreaturesthroughcameras.Amongtheselectivecourses____40____(be)therestorationofsmallandmicrowetlands.Asforthiscourse,what____41____(need)isalotofhands-onpractice.Underthe____42____(guide)oftheirteachers,studentsarerequiredtoconductresearchona500-square-meterwetlandinthecityparks.Focusingtheirattention____43____thewetland’sphysicalcondition,theyhaverecordedthenumberofplantandanimalspeciestocreatearestorationplan.Thankstotheirefforts,thebiodiversityofthewetlandhasbeen____44____(significant)improved.“It’sverymeaningful,”saidLiChenliang,_____45_____eighthgraderfromthisproject.“Ihavegainedalotofknowledgethatcannotbedirectlygotfrombooks.Ishouldmakefulluseofthecity’secologicaladvantagesandgetmorechancestogetclosertonature.”〖答案〗36.Buried37.least38.toraise39.who40.is41.isneeded42.guidance43.on44.significantly45.an【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了观鸟已被纳入武汉学校的公益项目“公园课堂”，既让学生们了解了自然，又有利于环境保护。【36题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生埋头于书本，很少接触到外面的世界，对大自然的真实面目一无所知。分析句子可知，空处作句子的状语，bury和manystudents逻辑上是被动关系，应用bury的过去分词形式buried，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Buried。【37题详析】考查形容词最高级。句意：许多学生埋头于书本，很少接触到外面的世界，对大自然的真实面目一无所知。根据句意可知，此处用固定短语nothavetheleastideaof…，意为“对……一无所知，完全不知道”，空处应用little的最高级形式least构成该短语。故填least。【38题详析】考查非谓语冠词。句意：该项目旨在提高在校学生的环境保护意识，他们经常通过镜头欣赏可爱生物的优雅，从而感到精力充沛。此处用固定短语bedesignedtodosth.，意为“旨在做……”，空处应用raise的不定式形式toraise。故填toraise。【39题详析】考查定语从句。句意：该项目旨在提高在校学生的环境保护意识，他们经常通过镜头欣赏可爱生物的优雅，从而感到精力充沛。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词schoolkids进行补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。【40题详析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在选修课中有小型和微型湿地的恢复。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，表示地点的介词短语Amongtheselectivecourses放在句首，引起句子完全倒装，主语是therestorationofsmallandmicrowetlands，且句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，空处应用is。故填is。【41题详析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：对于这门课程来说，所需要的是大量的动手实践。分析句子可知，空处作what引导的主语从句的谓语，句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，need和主语what之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，what作主语，be动词应用is。故填isneeded。【42题详析】考查名词。句意：在老师的指导下，学生们需要在城市公园500平方米的湿地上进行研究。分析句子可知，空处被the限定，作Under的宾语，guide的名词形式guidance符合题意，是不可数名词，意为“指导”，构成固定短语undertheguidanceof…，意为“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。【43题详析】考查介词。句意：他们关注湿地的实际状况，记录了动植物物种的数量，以制定恢复计划。此处用固定短语focusone’sattentionon…，意为“关注……”，空处应用介词on构成该短语。故填on。【44题详析】考查副词。句意：在他们的努力下，湿地的生物多样性得到了显著改善。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词improved，应用significant的副词形式significantly，意为“显著地”。故填significantly。【45题详析】考查冠词。句意：“这很有意义，”这个项目的一名八年级学生李