山西省朔州市怀仁市2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省朔州市怀仁市2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AKing’sCollegeLondon(KCI)Residencesprovideacomfortableenvironmenttoallourstudents.Thisbrochureprovidesinformationforyoutoconsiderthetypeataccommodationyouwouldlike.AngelLaneAsastate-of-the-artstudentresidence.AngelLaneoffersmostlycateredaccommodationinsinglestudybedrooms.Therearelistsomeensuiterooms,studiosandaccommodationforcouples.EasilyaccessiblebybusallKOLcampusescanbereachedinabout26minutesorless.·Weeklyfees:from£189·Contractlength:40,41,48and51weeksIntercollegiateHallsIntercollegiateHallsisaten-minutewalkfromGuy’sCampus.Offeringalimitedamountofaccommodationforfamilies:thispropertypromoteshealthyfamiliesthroughcommunityactivitiesandnearbyinfrastructurelikeschool,greenspaces,andchildcareservices.Thesitealsooffersensuiteroomsandstudios.·Weeklyfees:from£337·Contractlength:48and31weeksUrbanestHoxtonUrbanestHoxtonisaself-cateredresidencethatissituatedineastLondoncoolestarea,withathrivingnetworkofbike,sportsclubs,andnightlifenearby.Itisservedbygreattransportlinkstogetyouaroundthecity.Thenumber76bustakeyoufromthefrontdoordirectlytotheStrandCampus.·Weeklyfees:Ensuite,from£279·Contractlength:51weeksonlyUrbanestWestminsterBridgeAself-cateredresidencelocatedintheheartofLondon,theposersiswellplacedforeasyaccesstoGuy’sCampus.SituatedonLondon’svibrantSouthBank.UrbanestWestminsterBridgeoffersspectacularviewsoftheRiverThamesandHousesofParliament.·Weeklyfees:Twinensuite,from£189;Non-ensuite,from£249;Ensuite,from£279.Studio,from£369·Contractlength:40,41，48and51weeks1.Ofthefollowingresidence,whichischild-friendly?A.AngelLaneB.IntercollegiateHallsC.UrbanestHoxtonD.UrbanestWestminsterBridge.2.WhatisspecialaboutUrbanestHoxton?A.Itoffersaneasycommutetoallcampuses.B.ItislocatedinthesuburbofLondon.C.Itfeaturesdynamicrecreationalactivities.D.Itprovidesawidevarietyofaccommodation.3.Whatdothelistedresidenceshaveincommon?A.A48-weekcontract.B.Cateredaccommodation.C.Campus-to-Campusbuses.D.Ensuiterooms.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了伦敦四种不同住宿类型的信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章IntercollegiateHalls中的“thispropertypromoteshealthyfamiliesthroughcommunityactivitiesandnearbyinfrastructurelikeschools,greenspaces,andchildcareservices.(该物业通过社区活动和附近的基础设施，如学校、绿地和儿童保育服务，)”可知，该物业提供儿童保育服务。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章UrbanestHoxton中的“UrbanestHoxtonisaself-cateredresidencethatissituatedineastLondoncoolestarea,withathrivingnetworkofbike,sportsclubs,andnightlifenearby.(最城市化的霍克顿是一个自给自足的住宅，位于伦敦东部最酷的地区，附近有蓬勃发展的自行车网络，体育俱乐部和夜生活。)”可知，这里有蓬勃发展的自行车网络，体育俱乐部和夜生活。由此可知，这个地方娱乐活动很丰富。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据AngelLane中的“Therearelistsomeensuiterooms,studiosandaccommodationforcouples.(还为情侣提供套间、单间和住宿。)”、IntercollegiateHalls中的“Thesitealsooffersensuiteroomsandstudios.(该地还提供套间和工作室。)”、UrbanestHoxton中的“·Weeklyfees:Ensuite,from£279(每周费用:套间，279英镑起)”和UrbanestWestminsterBridge中的“·Weeklyfees:Twinensuite,from£189;Non-ensuite,from£249;Ensuite,from£279.Studio,from£369(双人套间，189英镑起；非套间，249英镑起；套间，279英镑起。Studio,369英镑起)”可知，四个地方都有套间。故选D项。BJohnFrederickKensettwasbornonMarch22,1816inCheshire,Connecticut.HeattendedschoolatCheshireAcademy,andstudiedcarvingwithhisimmigrantfather,TomasKensett,andlaterwithhisuncle.HeworkedasacarverintheNewHavenareauntilabout1838,afterwhichhewenttoworkasabanknotecarverinNewYorkCity.Hedidn’tknowhiscarvingexperiencewouldbenefithimlater.In1840,KensetttraveledtoEuropeinordertostudypainting.Hesketched(画素描)andpaintedthroughoutEurope,improvinghistalents.Duringthisperiod,Kensettdevelopedanaffectionforthe17th-centuryDutchlandscapepainting.HereturnedtotheUnitedStatesin1847.AfterestablishinghisstudioandsettlinginNewYork,KensetttraveledextensivelythroughouttheNortheastandtheColoradoRockiesaswellasmakingseveraltripsbacktoEurope.KensettisbestknownforhislandscapeofNewYorkandNewEnglandandseascapes(海景画)ofcoastalNewJersey,LongIslandandNewEngland.Heismostcloselyassociatedwiththeso-called“secondgeneration”oftheHudsonRiverSchool.In1851Kensettpaintedamonumentalcanvas(巨幅油画)ofMountWashingtonthathasbecomeasignofWhiteMountainart.Kensett’sstyleevolvedgradually,fromthetraditionalHudsonRiverSchoolmannerinthe1850sintothemoreimprovedLuministstyleinhislateryears.Bytheearly1870sKensettwasspendingconsiderabletimeathishomeonContentmentIsland,onLongIslandSoundnearDarienConnecticut.ItwasduringthistimethatKensettpaintedsomeofhisfinestworks.Manyofthesewereseascapes,themajorexamplebeingEaton’sNeck,LongIsland(1872)nowinthecollectionoftheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYork.Theartistwaswidelypraisedandfinanciallysuccessfulduringhislifetime.Inturn,hewasgenerousinsupportoftheartsandartists.HewasafullmemberoftheNationalAcademyofDesign,thefounderandpresidentoftheArtists’FundSociety,andafounderoftheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.KensettdiedofheartfailureathisNewYorkstudioonDecember14,1872.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutKensettfromthefirstparagraph?A.HestudiedcarvingatCheshireAcademy.B.Hisuncletaughthimtopaintbefore1840.C.Hiscarvingworklaidafoundationforhispainting.D.HepaintedthroughoutEuropetoearnsomemoney.5.WhatwasthefeatureofKensett’spaintings?A.MostofthemwereinLuministstyle.B.TheyhadnothingtodowithWhiteMountainart.C.TheywereonceinfluencedbytheHudsonRiverSchool.D.Allofthemwerecloselyassociatedwithcarvingart.6.WhendidKensettproducehisbestpaintings?A.WhenhefirsttraveledinEurope.B.Whenhepaintedamonumentalcanvas.C.WhenhelearnedtheDutchlandscapepainting.D.WhenhewasinConnecticutintheearly1870s.7.WhatcanweinferaboutKensett’slaterlife?A.Hehadfinancialproblems.B.Heretiredearlybecauseofillhealth.C.Hegainedbothfameandincome.D.Hedevotedhimselftocharitywork.〖答案〗4.C5.C6.D7.C【导语】这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了美国著名画家Kensett的一些经历和成就。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“HeworkedasacarverintheNewHavenareauntilabout1838,afterwhichhewenttoworkasabanknotecarverinNewYorkCity.Hedidn’tknowhiscarvingexperiencewouldbenefithimlater.In1840,KensetttraveledtoEuropeinordertostudypainting.(他在纽黑文地区做雕刻工，直到1838年左右，之后他去纽约市做纸币雕刻工。他不知道自己的雕刻经验日后会给他带来好处。1840年，肯赛特前往欧洲学习绘画)”可知，Kensett一开始是一名雕刻工，他不知道他的雕刻经验日后会给他带来好处，后来他去欧洲学习了绘画，而他的雕刻经验为他的绘画学习打下了扎实的基础。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“KensettisbestknownforhislandscapeofNewYorkandNewEnglandandseascapes(海景画)ofcoastalNewJersey,LongIslandandNewEngland.Heismostcloselyassociatedwiththeso-called“secondgeneration”oftheHudsonRiverSchool.(肯赛特最著名的作品是纽约和新英格兰的风景画，以及新泽西、长岛和新英格兰沿海的海景画。他与所谓的哈德逊河学派的“第二代”联系最为密切)”可知，Kensett的画被誉为哈德逊河学派“第二代”。由此可知，Kensett的画深受哈德逊河学派影响。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Bytheearly1870sKensettwasspendingconsiderabletimeathishomeonContentmentIsland,onLongIslandSoundnearDarienConnecticut.(到19世纪70年代初，肯塞特在康涅狄格州达里恩附近的长岛海峡的知足岛上的家中度过了相当长的时间)”及第五段“ItwasduringthistimethatKensettpaintedsomeofhisfinestworks.(正是在这段时间里，肯塞特画了一些他最好的作品)”可知，正是在19世纪70年代初在康涅狄格州的时候，Kensett画出了一些最好的作品。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Theartistwaswidelypraisedandfinanciallysuccessfulduringhislifetime.Inturn,hewasgenerousinsupportoftheartsandartists.HewasafullmemberoftheNationalAcademyofDesign,thefounderandpresidentoftheArtists’FundSociety,andafounderoftheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.(这位艺术家生前广受赞誉，经济上也很成功。反过来，他也慷慨地支持艺术和艺术家。他是美国国家设计学院的正式成员，艺术家基金协会的创始人和主席，大都会艺术博物馆的创始人之一)”可知，Kensett生前广受赞誉，在经济上也很成功。由此可推知，Kensett晚年可以说名利双收。故选C项。CRightnowyoushouldknowabouttwowaystorepresentnumbers,asRomannumeralsandArabicnumerals.Plus,peopleinothercountriesusedifferentsymbolsfornumbers.Withallthesedifferentsymbols,howcanmathbeauniversallanguage?Mathisauniversallanguagebecausetheprinciplesandfoundationsofmatharethesameeverywherearoundtheworld.TenplustenequalstwentyifyouwriteitasArabicnumerals10+10=20orRomannumeralsX+X=XX.Theconceptof20itemsisthesamenomatterwhereyouareintheworld.And,whataboutgeometry(几何)?Acircleisalwaysacircleanditscircumference(周长)isalwayscalculatedthesamewaynomatterwhereyouareintheworld.Thesameholdstrueforanyotherfigureliketriangles,squaresorrectangles.Weliketovisitothercountriestoexperiencenewscenery,newfoodsandadifferentculture.It’sfuntowatchdocumentariesaboutfestivalsthatwedon’thaveinNorthAmerica.Thereisagreatdealofculturaldiversityintheworldthatwecanenjoyandcelebrate.Butmathisonethingthatiscommontoeveryone.Differentcountriesusedifferentunitsofmeasurement;forexample,theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomuseinchesandfeetwhiletherestofEuropeusesmetricmeasurementsofcentimetersandmeters.Butnomatterwhattheunitsare,everyonemustmeasurethehousethattheyarebuilding.Houseseverywhere,whethertheyaresquareorround,arebuiltusingthesamemathematicalequations(方程式).Theprinciplesofprobabilityarethesameeverywhereaswell.ThechanceofraininGuatemalamightbegreaterthanthechanceofrainintheSaharaDesertbutprobabilityworksthesameway.Peoplearoundtheworldhavedifferentgenesbuttheprobabilityofpassingongenestotheirchildrenfollowsthesamemathematicalrules.Itiseasytoseethatnomatterhowdiversedifferentculturesare,mathisonecommonlanguageacrosstheworld.8.Howmanywaystostandfornumbersarementionedinthetext?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioninggeometryinthethirdparagraph?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofmath.B.Tostudydifferentshapesandforms.C.Toshowhowtocalculatethecircumference.D.Toprovemathcalculationisoftenusedinitisalwaysthesame.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“figure”meaninthethirdparagraph?A.Shape. B.Size. C.Picture. D.Field.11.Whatcanweinferfromthefourthparagraph?A.Mathhasnodistinctcharacteristicsofdiversity.B.Documentariesaboutfestivalsarealwaysfun.C.Peoplehopetoexperiencedifferentculturesabroad.D.Culturehasahugeimpactonthedevelopmentofmath.〖答案〗8.B9.D10.A11.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了数学是一种通用性语言，数学的原理和基础在世界各地是一样的。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Rightnowyoushouldknowabouttwowaystorepresentnumbers,asRomannumeralsandArabicnumerals.(现在你应该知道两种表示数字的方法，罗马数字和阿拉伯数字。)”可知，文章提到了罗马数字和阿拉伯数字这两种表示数字的方法。故选B项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And,whataboutgeometry(几何)?Acircleisalwaysacircleanditscircumference(周长)isalwayscalculatedthesamewaynomatterwhereyouareintheworld.Thesameholdstrueforanyotherfigureliketriangles,squaresorrectangles.(那么，几何呢？圆始终是圆，无论你在世界上的哪个地方，它的周长都是用同样的方法计算的。这同样适用于任何其他图形，如三角形、正方形或矩形。)”以及文章第二段第一句话“Mathisauniversallanguagebecausetheprinciplesandfoundationsofmatharethesameeverywherearoundtheworld.(数学是一种通用语言，因为数学的原理和基础在世界各地都是一样的。)”可知，作者提到几何，是想表达它们的计算方式总是一样的，是为了论证第二段第一句话：数学是一种通用性语言，它的原理和基础在世界各地都是一样的。故选D项。【10题详析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Thesameholdstrueforanyotherfigureliketriangles,squaresorrectangles.(这同样适用于任何其他图形，如三角形、正方形或矩形。)”可知，这同样适用于其他任何figure，如三角形，正方形或矩形。三角形、正方形、矩形等都是figure的代表，这些都是图形。由此可推知figure此处应指“图形”。A.Shape.图形；B.Size.尺寸；C.Picture.图片；D.Field.田地、领域。figure与shape为同义表达。故选A项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weliketovisitothercountriestoexperiencenewscenery,newfoodsandadifferentculture.It’sfuntowatchdocumentariesaboutfestivalsthatwedon’thaveinNorthAmerica.Thereisagreatdealofculturaldiversityintheworldthatwecanenjoyandcelebrate.Butmathisonethingthatiscommontoeveryone.(我们喜欢到其他国家去体验新的风景、新的食物和不同的文化。看关于电影节的纪录片很有趣，这在北美是没有的。世界上有大量的文化多样性，我们可以享受和庆祝。但数学对每个人来说都很常见。)”可知，世界上有大量的文化多样性，但是数学对每个人来说都很常见。由此可推知，数学没有多样性。故选A项。DThoughplasticshoppingbagsarecheapanduseful,theycausewidespreadpollution.Now,wemayhaveanunlikelyhelpertohelpcleanupourgarbage—asmallwaxworm.Theworm’shiddenskillswerediscoveredbyaccident.Abouttwoyearsago,FedericaBertocchini,adevelopmentalbiologistattheSpanishNationalResearchCouncilandanamateurbeekeeper,wascleaningoutbees’nestthathadbeenfilledwithworms.Sheremovedthewormsandputtheminaplasticbagwhiledoingthecleaning.Afterfinishing,shewentbacktotheroomwhereshehadlefttheworms,andfoundtheyhadescapedfromthebag.Whenshechecked,shesawthatthebagwasfullofholes.Realizingshemayhavemadeanimportantdiscovery,Bertocchiniteamedupwithotherresearcherstoconductfurtherresearch.Theybeganbyplacing100wormsonsomeplasticbagsanddiscoveredthatovera24-hourperiod,thewormsmanagedtochewthrough92milligramsofplastic.Theresearchersmakeanappropriatejudgmentthatatthisrate,thegroupofwormscoulddegrade(降解)anaverage-sized5.5-gramplasticbagwithinamonth.Toruleoutthepossibilitythatchewingwascausingthedegradation,theresearchersspreadthesoftwetsubstanceinsidethebodyofsomerecentlydeadwormsonasheetofplastic.Sureenough,eventheliquidwasabletoeatthroughthematerial,confirmingthatthewormshaveplastic-digestingenzymes(酶).Whilethenewsiscertainlyencouraging,noteveryoneisconvinced.TheMichiganStateUniversity’sRamaniNarayanbelievesthetinypiecesofmicroplasticsreleasedbytheplastic-eatingwormswouldpickupharmfulsubstancesandtransportthemupthefoodchain,causing,evenmore,harmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.SusanSelke,directorofMichiganStateUniversitySchoolofPackaging,isconcernedthatthewormswillnotbeabletosurviveinanoxygen-freelandfillswherelargeamountsofwastematerialareburiedundertheearth.However,Bertocchiniisnotplanningtotransportwormarmiestolandfills.Instead,theresearcherwantstoidentifytheenzymethathelpsdegradetheplastic.Theresearchersays,maybewecanfindthemolecule(分子)andproduceitonanindustriallevel,ratherthanusingamillionwormsinaplasticbag.12.Whatdidtheexperimentofusingdeadwormsfindout?A.Worms’chewingmaycausethedegradation.B.Aplastic-eatingchemicalexistsinwaxworms.C.Deadwormsareeffectiveindealingwithplastic.D.Ittakesalongtimeforwormstodegradeplastic.13.WhatisRamaniNaravan'sattitudetoBertocchini'sfinding?A.Objective B.Convinced C.Questioning. D.Optimistic.14.WhatmightBertocchinifocusherlaterresearchon?A.Thestructureofplastic-degradingenzymes.B.Theuseofotherwormsindisposingplastic.C.Waxworms’adaptabilitytothelandfillenvironment.D.Thechanceofproducingwaxwormsonalargescale.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwaxwormssavetheenvironment?B.Waxwormshaveanappetiteforplastic.C.Whydowaxwormshaveplastic-eatingskills?D.Hungrywormsjointhefightagainstplasticpollution〖答案〗12.B13.C14.A15.B〖祥解〗这是一篇说明文。文章介绍喜欢吃塑料的蜡虫。通过研究发现这种虫子具有塑料消化酶，尽管虽然这个消息确实令人鼓舞，但并不是每个人都信服，有些人认为吃塑料的蠕虫释放出的微小塑料碎片会收集有害物质并将它们输送到食物链上，对环境和人类健康造成更大的危害。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中Toruleoutthepossibilitythatchewingwascausingthedegradation,theresearchersspreadthesoftwetsubstanceinsidethebodyofsomerecentlydeadwormsonasheetofplastic.Sureenough,eventheliquidwasabletoeatthroughthematerial,confirmingthatthewormshaveplastic-digestingenzymes(酶).“为了排除咀嚼导致退化的可能性，研究人员将这种柔软湿润的物质撒在一些刚死的蠕虫体内的一张塑料上。可以肯定的是，即使是液体也能吃掉这些物质，这就证实了蠕虫有塑料消化酶。”由此可知，用死虫做的实验发现“蜡虫体内存在一种能吃塑料的化学物质。”故选B。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中Whilethenewsiscertainlyencouraging,noteveryoneisconvinced.TheMichiganStateUniversity’sRamaniNarayanbelievesthetinypiecesofmicroplasticsreleasedbytheplastic-eatingwormswouldpickupharmfulsubstancesandtransportthemupthefoodchain,causing,evenmore,harmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.“尽管这一消息确实令人鼓舞，但并非所有人都对此深信不疑。密歇根州立大学的RamaniNarayan认为，这些以塑料为食的蠕虫释放的微小塑料微粒会带走有害物质，并将其转移到食物链中，对环境和人类健康造成更大的危害。”由此可知，RamaniNaravan对Bertocchini的发现持“怀疑”态度。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Instead,theresearcherwantstoidentifytheenzymethathelpsdegradetheplastic.Theresearchersays,maybewecanfindthemolecule(分子)andproduceitonanindustriallevel,ratherthanusingamillionwormsinaplasticbag.“相反，研究人员想要找出帮助降解塑料的酶。研究人员说，也许我们可以找到这种分子并进行工业化生产，而不是用一百万只蠕虫装在一个塑料袋里。”由此可知，Bertocchini后来的研究重点可能是塑料降解酶的结构。故选A。【15题详析】标题判断题。根据第一段Thoughplasticshoppingbagsarecheapanduseful,theycausewidespreadpollution.Now,wemayhaveanunlikelyhelpertohelpcleanupourgarbage—asmallwaxworm.“虽然塑料购物袋便宜又有用，但它们造成了广泛的污染。现在，我们可能有了一个意想不到的帮手来帮我们清理垃圾——一只小蜡虫。”由此可知，B项Waxwormshaveanappetiteforplastic.（蜡虫喜欢吃塑料。）为最佳标题。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.____16____XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.____17____Andinthe20thcenturybothSunYat-senandZhouEnlaiwerebigfansofthegame.And,thoughitmaylookquiteabitdifferentthanWesternchess,Xiangqiisactuallyquitesimilarinwhatthepiecescandoandhowthegameisplayed.LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.____18____UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.____19____ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隐喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.____20____A.Actually,inXiangqiheisjustageneral.B.DuringtheQingDynastyitspopularitygrew.C.Itiscalled“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”.D.ThegameiscalledXiangqi,agameofordinarypeople.E.TherearemanydifferencesbetweenXiangqiandWesternchess.F.Anintensebattleisabouttotakeplaceonthissmallchessboard.G.SeveralsayingsrelatedtoXiangqiareincommonuseinChinatoday.〖答案〗16.D17.B18.A19.C20.F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。【16题详析】上文“IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.”（如果你在夏天去中国的任何一个城市旅行，你会看到人们，大多数是穿着T恤的男人，坐在人行道上的阴凉处的矮椅子上，用大圆盘木头玩游戏）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国）介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，所以空处应该指出这个游戏是象棋，D项“这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏”符合逻辑关系。故选D。【17题详析】根据上文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏）介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。这里是按时间顺序：战国时期—唐朝，所以空处应该按照时间讲唐朝之后的一个时期，象棋的发展情形。B项“在清朝时期，它的知名度增加了”符合时间逻辑关系。故选B。【18题详析】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.”（和西洋象棋一样，这个游戏的目的是捕捉对手的“国王”）推知，空处应该讲述中国象棋中的“王”，A项“其实在象棋里他只是个将军。”符合题意。故选A。【19题详析】上文“UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.”（与西方国际象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直线的交叉点上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过）提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.”（这个空间指的是中国的一个地区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战）提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“它被称为“楚河汉界””符合逻辑。故选C。【20题详析】根据上文“Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隐喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.”（这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在黑板上，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声）提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，因此下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F项“一场激烈的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行”符合逻辑。故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwasachild,Iwasterrifiedofstorms,especiallythoseviolentonesthatoccurredinsummer.Once,Iwasoutshoppingwithmyparents,when___21___therewasaloudnoisecomingfromthedirectionoftheApennineMountains.Asthestormgotcloser,lightningfellafewhundredmetersfromus,andhail(冰雹)___22___thestreetsinminutes.Thiswasatotallynewexperienceforme,andIranintomyfather’sarms___23___.Likethe___24___ofahorrormovie,myfeardevelopedintofascinationasIgrewolder.Whenathunderstorm___25___atnight,Iwouldwaitineageranticipation,equippedwithmyparents’___26___,readytotryandcatchaflashingmoment.Aninterestinstormphotography___27___fromtheseyouthfulattempts.Whatoncefrightenedmenowgavemeastrong___28___,especiallythefirsttimelightningstruckjustafewmetersawayfromme,anexperiencewhichresultedinme___29___asplendidphotoofthemoment.Fromthatmomenton,IrealizedthatIabsolutelyhadto____30____stormsthroughoutsouthernItaly.Thetruthisthatgoingafterstormsisquite____31____,especiallytothosewithout____32____therisksinvolvedorrespectingnature.Youaremostatriskinthemountains,butalllargeand____33____placessuchasalawn(草坪)orasoccerfieldcanalsobeaunsafeplaceduringastorm.OnedaysoonIwillsetoffto____34____mystormseekingjourneybeyondItaly’shorizons.IwouldlovetogotoVenezuelawhereelectricalstormsareguaranteedalmostallyearroundontheCatatumboRiverandLakeMaracaibo.Maybethatwillbethedaythatmyparentsfinallyacceptthechoiceofmy____35____.21.A.slowly B.suddenly C.randomly D.gradually22.A.darkened B.widened C.whitened D.softened23.A.interror B.introuble C.inrelief D.insorrow24.A.grade B.taste C.request D.charm25.A.dieddown B.fadedaway C.brokeout D.tookoff26.A.suitcase B.camera C.glasses D.parcel27.A.escaped B.suffered C.recovered D.arose28.A.disgust B.patience C.rush D.disappointment29.A.mixing B.capturing C.mending D.delivering30.A.avoid B.miss C.join D.chase31.A.dangerous B.peaceful C.fantastic D.tiring32.A.changing B.sharing C.refusing D.acknowledging33.A.closed B.comfortable C.exposed D.quiet34.A.survive B.expand C.pause D.remove35.A.career B.course C.family D.identity〖答案〗21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A【导语】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者从小时候惧怕雷电风暴逐渐演变成迷恋风暴，追逐风暴，励志成为风暴摄影师的故事。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我和父母出去买东西，突然从亚平宁山脉的方向传来一声巨响。A.slowly缓慢地；B.suddenly突然；C.randomly随意地；D.gradually逐渐。由后文“therewasaloudnoisecomingfromthedirectionoftheApennineMountains”可知，是突然从亚平宁山脉的方向传来一声巨响。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着暴风雨越来越近，闪电落在离我们几百米远的地方，几分钟内冰雹就把街道打白了。A.darkened变黑；B.widened加宽；C.whitened变白；D.softened变软。由上文“hail”可知，冰雹落在地上是把街道打白了，故选C。【23题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这对我来说是一次全新的经历，我惊恐地奔向父亲的怀抱。A.interror恐惧地；B.introuble处于困难中；C.inrelief松了口气；D.insorrow悲伤地。由上文“Thiswasatotallynewexperienceforme”和第7空后的“Whatoncefrightenedme”可知，作者没经历过这种事情，所以很惊恐，故选A。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像恐怖电影的魅力一样，随着年龄的增长，我的恐惧变成了迷恋。A.grade年级；B.taste味道；C.request要求；D.charm魅力。由后文“myfeardevelopedintofascinationasIgrewolder”可知，就像恐怖电影的魅力一样，随着年龄的增长，作者的恐惧变成了迷恋。故选D。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当夜晚雷雨袭来，我就会带着父母的相机，满怀期待地等待，试图捕捉一个闪光的瞬间。A.dieddown平息；B.fadedaway逐渐消失；C.brokeout爆发；D.tookoff起飞。由上文“athunderstorm”可知，是雷雨爆发，故选C。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当夜晚雷雨袭来，我就会带着父母的相机，满怀期待地等待，试图捕捉一个闪光的瞬间。A.suitcase行李箱；B.camera相机；C.glasses眼睛；D.parcel包裹。由后文“catchaflashingmoment”可知，作者是带着相机去拍照，故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对风暴摄影的兴趣源于这些年轻的尝试。A.escaped逃跑；B.suffered遭受；C.recovered恢复；D.arose出现。由后文“fromtheseyouthfulattempts”可知，对风暴摄影的兴趣源于这些年轻的尝试，arisefrom意为“来自”，故选D。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾经吓到我的东西现在给了我一个强烈的冲击，特别是当闪电第一次击中离我只有几米远的时候，这一经历让我拍下了那一刻的精彩照片。A.disgust厌恶；B.patience耐心；C.rush一阵激动；D.disappointment失望。由后文“especiallythefirsttimelightningstruckjustafewmetersawayfromme”可知，曾经吓到作者的东西现在给了作者一个强烈的冲击，空格处用“一阵激动”，故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经吓到我的东西现在给了我一个强烈的冲击，特别是当闪电第一次击中离我只有几米远的时候，这一经历让我拍下了那一刻的精彩照片。A.mixing混合；B.capturing拍摄；C.mending修补；D.delivering递送。由后文“asplendidphoto”可知，此处指拍照，故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那一刻起，我意识到我必须在整个意大利南部追逐风暴。A.avoid避免；B.miss错过；C.join加入；D.chase追逐。由后文“goingafterstorms”可知，作者为了拍摄而去追逐风暴。故选D。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，追逐风暴是相当危险的，尤其是对那些不知道其中的风险或尊重自然的人。A.dangerous危险的；B.peaceful和平的；C.fantastic极好的；D.tiring累人的。由后文“Youaremostatriskinthemountains”可知，追逐风暴是相当危险的，故选A。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，追逐风暴是相当危险的，尤其是对那些不知道其中的风险或尊重自然的人。A.changing改变；B.sharing分享；C.refusing拒绝；D.acknowledging承认。由后文“orrespectingnature”可知，此处表示“追逐风暴是相当危险的，尤其是对那些不知道其中的风险或尊重自然的人”，空格处意为“承认”，故选D。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你在山区最危险，但所有大的和暴露的地方，如草坪或足球场，在风暴期间也可能是不安全的地方。A.closed关闭的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.exposed暴露的；D.quiet安静的。由后文“alawn(草坪)orasoccerfield”可知，草坪或足球场是暴露的地方，故选C。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久的将来，我将启程，将我的风暴之旅扩展到意大利的视野之外。A.survive幸存；B.expand扩展；C.pause暂停；D.remove去除。由后文“beyondItaly’shorizons”可知，作者要将作者的风暴之旅扩展到意大利的视野之外。故选B。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许有一天，我的父母会最终接受我的职业选择。A.career职业生涯；B.course课程；C.family家人；D.identity身份。由上文“IwouldlovetogotoVenezuelawhereelectricalstormsareguaranteedalmostallyearroundontheCatatumboRiverandLakeMaracaibo”可知，作