高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题

高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题英语专题

Strategiesfor

QuestionsofDetails英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题)

近几年阅读理解命题已从对传统知识掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查。获取分析处理信息推理判断题

猜测词义题阅读四大题型事实细节题主旨大意题高考英语阅读理解题考查方式是非题年代与数字考点Wh-题(who,what,when,where,why,how)高考阅读考查细节理解题：2017年8题2016年11题1、细节题的题干分析2、细节题解题方法教学内容事实细节题考查的六大信息事实细节题干常用when,where,who,why,what和how等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即_______、_____、_____、_____、_____和

_______。

时间地点人物原因事件方式

一、题干分析1.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?2.Which

of

the

following

statements

is

correct/true?（三误一正）3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?（三正一误）4Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.5…..常见设题方式：

题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：Notlongago.Mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdiet—nottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.原因72.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth___________________________________________________________同义词三大法宝：顺序原则二、细节理解解题方法定位词排除法(一)、把握解题的顺序原则（周考三C篇）WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetenceandcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologistwhomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.

28题答案29题答案Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working----atanyage----isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence---theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”(一)、把握解题的顺序原则31题答案30题答案（二）、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的一个要素，适用于解答细节理解题。1.表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词2.表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词3.题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等21.WhatbooksdoesBillGatesrecommend?A.TheGreatGatsby&TheBrothersKaramasovB.TheGreatGatsby&CatcherintheRyeC.TheBrothersKaramasov&CatcherintheRyeD.TheBrothersKaramasov&CrimeandPunishment技巧：定位词在题干中寻找线索，并圈出题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词在文中的位置。1wh-细节题二模A篇

TheGreatGatsbybyFScottFitzgerald

RecommendedbyChuckPalahniuk,BillGatesTheGreatGatsby,thecrowningachievementoftheliterarycareerofF.ScottFitzgeraldissetintheJazzAge,thatis,1920s.ThisisthestoryofJayGatsby,verywealthyandpowerfulbillwhoisinlovewithDaisyBuchanan.Helikestothrowluxuriousparties.gatherthebeautifulpeopleinhishouse.CatcherintheRvebyJD.SalingerRecommendedbyBillGates,mentionedinWoodyAllenRecommendsWhatToReadCatherintheRveisundoubtedlyaclassicalworkoftheAmericanliteratureandisverypopularin“Topl0books”listsThemaincharacterbeinganexpelledstudentnamedHoldenCaulfield,thoughheisjust16.encountersmanyeventsthattendtoprecludeadults.CatcherintheRyeisaboutayouthof196butitisstillactualtoday.（二）、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词的转换形式：

a.同义改写WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.sickWhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.41.Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion．68．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis_______． A．technicalissuesB．safetyofthesystem C．financialproblemsD．maintenanceofrailwaytracksb.转变词性与结构:ConfuciussuggestedRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomepotentialthanothers,arethatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedonindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid.LikeConfucius,hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior(下层的)classes.66.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?A.Family B.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community(三)、排除法（1）正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词。a．张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。（2）错误选项的特征Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare:Carter—apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter—apersonwhomadepotsandpans.57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably_______.A.ownedordroveacartB.madethingswithmetalsC.madekitchentoolsorcontainers

D.builthousesandfurniture b.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。三、细节题型1wh细节题2是非题3计算题4图表题5排序题6其它题

有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,

completely,definitely等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。注意“陷阱”：____________明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)正误并存扩大(缩小)范围偷换概念以偏概全无中生有_____________信息部分正确，部分错误______________是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节______________符合常识，但不是文章的内容_____________与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动______________是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容答非所问2018汕头二模A篇TheGreatGatsbybyFScottFitzgeraldRecommendedbyChuckPalahniuk,BillGatesTheGreatGatsby,thecrowningachievementoftheliterarycareerofF.ScottFitzgeraldissetintheJazzAge,thatis,1920s.ThisisthestoryofJayGatsby,verywealthyandpowerfulbillwhoisinlovewithDaisyBuchanan.Helikestothrowluxuriousparties.gatherthebeautifulpeopleinhishouse.CatcherintheRvebyJD.SalingerRecommendedbyBillGates,mentionedinWoodyAllenRecommendsWhatToReadCatherintheRveisundoubtedlyaclassicalworkoftheAmericanliteratureandisverypopularin“Topl0books”listsThemaincharacterbeinganexpelledstudentnamedHoldenCaulfield,thoughheisjust16.encountersmanyeventsthattendtoprecludeadults.CatcherintheRyeisaboutayouthof196butitisstillactualtoday.TheBrothersKaramasoybyDostoevskyRecommendedbyVladimirPutThisisofthebestallegorical(讽喻的)novelstoexplainthedifferentnature(本性)of19thcenturyRussia.Eachcharacterisrepresentativeofoneoftherulingclasses.ThereisthefatherFyodor.thelandownerwhoiscarelessofhisland,butgreedyinusingitsproduceforhimself.There'sDmitri,whohasbeenpassedaroundfromhousetohouse,andhagrownupanentitledbutdebt-ridden(负债累累的)soul.There'sIvan,whowishestolivemoreamongcoldconceptsthanpeople.AndgentleAlyosha,themysticandreligiouspeacemaker,andtheunlawfulSmerdyakov.Throughoutarethemesoflove,law,andduty,whichmakesthisoneofthebestDostoycskbookstoreadbesidesCrimeandPunishment.

本文是一篇介绍类的应用文，介绍了三本经典小说《了不起的盖茨比》《麦田里的守望者》《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》三本书的推荐者和故事简介.21.WhatbooksdoesBillGatesrecommend?22.Whichbookcanreflectthelifeoftoday'syoungpeople?23.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutTheBrotherskaramasov?

汕头二模阅读理解A是非判断题细节事实wh细节题23.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutTheBothersKaramasov?A.ThecharacterscomefrompoorfamilyB.ItisthebestbookofDostoyesky.C.Whenthemembershavedifferentopinionsinreligion,theymightcometoAlyosha.D.Fvodorissoconcernedabouthislandthatheisgreedyinitsproduce.无中生有正误并存与原文不符Anexcerpt(节选)fromTheOldManandtheSeaWhentheoldmansawhimcomingheknewthatthiswasafearlesssharkthatwoulddoexactlywhathewished.Hepreparedtheharpoonandmadetheropefastwhilehewatchedthesharkcomeon.Theropewasshortasitlackedwhathehadcutawaytolashthefish.25.Atfirst,themandidn’tholdmuchhopeinthebattleagainstthesharkmainlybecause______.A.thecircumstanceswereunfavorabletohimB.hewasnotadequatelypreparedforthebattleC.hewastooscaredtofightagainstthesharkD.hethoughtitwouldbeadreamifhecaughttheshark√

---“Itmightaswellhavebeenadream,”hethoughttohimself.“IcannotkeephimfromhittingmebutmaybeIcangethim,Dentuso,hethought.Badlucktoyourmother.”

绳子子短了，缺了他割下用来绑鱼的那一截。adequately充分地断章取义事实细节题解题技巧

1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项summary4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never，few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,rescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.

2017全国卷I——B篇Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH！Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingroparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feeli