动词的时态和语态导学案-高三英语二轮复习

动词的时态和语态导学案重点时态梳理时态用法例示一般现在时现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与usually,always,seldom,often,frequently,everyday等时间状语连用Wealwayscareforeachotherand_______(help)eachother.Hesometimes________(stay)uptillmidnighttocatchupwithothers.主语现在的特征，性格和状态Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.doyousing?–alittle客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun.Ourteachertoldustheearth_______(go)roundthesun.在由连词if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。Evenifit________(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeetwilltakeplace.Howevermuchadviceyougivehim,he_____(do)exactlywhathewants.安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin,e,leave,go,arrive,open,start,stop,close,return等一类动词。Theplane_______(take)offat5:00a.m.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,in1996,twoyearsago,lastmonth,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday等表示过去的时间状语连用。TheGreatWall_______(e)intobeingin221BC.过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与everyday,often,sometimes等时间状语连用，usedto,would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。would不接表示认识或状态的词，但usedto不受限制。WhenIwasinthefactory,Ioften_________(work)intheworkshop.Weusedtogetupatfiveeverymorning_______wewereatschool.Wewouldaskhimforadvicewhenwe______(have)troublewithourEnglish.过去发生的一系列动作Theprofessorputonefingerinhismouth,tastedit,and__________(smile)withsatisfaction.在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。Hesaidhewouldletusknowifhe______(get)anynews.Hepromisedthathewouldbuysomecopiesforuswhenhe________(go)there.一般将来时shall/will+动词原形1单纯表将来2.表意愿，决心常见的时间状语有：inthefuture;tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrowHe__________(be)thirtyyearsoldnextyear.Ifyouwillwaithere,themanagerwillbeback10minuteslater.(愿意)begoingto计划打算干Lookattheclouds,there_________________(be)astorm.beonthepointof/beaboutto不与时间状语连用，但可和when从句连用Let'swaitaminute.He_____________________.(arrive)betodosth1预定要做2表示命令，禁止;应该3注定We_______________(finish)theworkbeforefiveo’clock.（打算）Noone________________(leave)thecinemawithoutthepolice’spermission.(命令)瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。gostart,setout,leave,reach,arrive,return,e,move,takeoffThey______________(move)NanjingforGuangzhouonSunday.祈使句/短语+and/or+主语+willWorkhard,_____you’llsucceed.Don’tbesocareless,_____you’llmakemistakes.过去将来时was/weregoingtoI_______________________(cook)whenyoucalledme.was/weretowasabouttowas/were+现在分词was/wereonthepointofIfeltnervousbecauseI_________________(leave)homeforthefirsttime.We___________________________(start)workingwhenitbegantorain.Iwasonthepointofleaving______thetelephonerang.现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作时间状语有：Look!Listen!now,atthemomentLook!Theboy___________(doze)off.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行）常见时间状语有：thesedaysHow______you________(get)alongwithyourEnglishthesedays.表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶（常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用）Thechildren______always_________(make)trouble.She_____always_________(ask)thesamequestion.瞬间动词的现在进行时可表将来（详见一般将来时）I____________(fly)toShanghaitomorrow.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语histimeyesterday，atthattime,then,at9:00yesterday或者与when引导时间状语从句连用She_____________(do)herhomeworkat8:30yesterdayevening.WhenIgotupthismorning,Mother________________(prepare)breakfastinthekitchen.Mygrandma_______________(watch)TVwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用）He______always__________(play)putergameslastyear.瞬间动词的过去进行时可表过去将来WelearnedfromtheBookingOfficethatthetrain_____________(start)atthattime.描写故事的背景Itwaswinter.Thenorthwindwasblowinghardandaheavysnow______________(fall).Apoorlittlegirl_______________(walk)inthestreet.用在复合句中Hewasreading_________hiswifewascooking._________hewasdriving,hewasthinkingaboutthematter.现在完成时1.表示过去发生的或说话之前已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，不具体涉及动作发生的时间。常与already,never,ever,before,just,not...yet,still,recent,lately等连用。1.Therain_________(stop).2.—HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?—No,I(notbe)there.3.Mytaskhasn’tbeenfinishedyet.4.Therehavebeensomechangesinmyhometownlately.2.表示过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，该动作也许已终止，也许还会持续。常与表示段时间的状语连用，如sincesbdidsth,forfiveyears,sofar,uptonow等。1.Hehaswornglassessincehischildhood.2.Wehavelivedhereforfiveyears.3.Sofarhe(be)to30countries.4.Ihavereadtwobooksthisweek.3.用在时间、条件、原因等状语从句中，代替将来完成时，表示从句的动作先于主句的动作完成。1.Onceyouhavemadeapromise,youmustkeepit.2.I’llgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.4.表示反复或习惯性动作，常与severaltimes,once,twice等词连用。1.Ihavemethimtwicethisweek.2.Ihaveseenthefilmthreetimes.5.时间状语为forthelastthreeweeks,intherecentyears,during/in/over/withinthepastfewyears等时，也常用现在完成时。1.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscityinthelastthreeyears.2.Muchprogress__________(make)inscienceduringthepastfewyears.6.在“最高级+名词+定语从句”或“这是第几次+定语从句”两种情况中，定语从句的时态通常用现在完成时。1.I’mafraidthisistheworstmovieIhaveeverseen.2.Tom,thisisthethirdtimeyouhavefailedintheexam.7.非延续性动词的否定式可以表示延续的状态，可与状语forsometime或sincesbdidsth连用。1.Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwoweeks.2.Theyhaven’tleftthelabsinceyesterday.8.有表示段时间的状语时，不可使用非延续性动词的肯定式，必须使用延续性动词的肯定式。(×)Hisgrandmahasdiedforthreeyears.(√)Hisgrandmahasbeendeadforthreeyears.现在完成进行时1.表示从过去某时间开始，某动作一直延续到现在（说话时刻或最近刚刚结束的动作）1.—Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.—Ihavebeenpaintingthelivingroom.2.—I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.—That’snothing.Ihavebeenreadinganovel.2.表示从过去某时间开始，某动作一直延续到现在（说话时刻），并可能继续下去。1.Ihavebeenwaitingforherforanhour,butshehasn’tturnedupyet.2.He’sill.He’sbeenlyinginbedfortwodays.过去完成时1.表示到过去某一时刻为止已完成的动作，常与“by+过去时间”连用，通常使用非延续性动词。1.Bytheendoflastyear,we_________(learn)about2,000Englishwords.2.BythetimeIgothome,everyonehadgonetobed.2.表示一个动作在另一个过去的动作之前已完成。常与“before/when+过去时间”连用。1.Thefilmhadalreadybegunwhenwearrivedatthecinema.2.They_______(work)fortwohoursbeforeIgotthere.3.过去完成时也常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。Sherealizedthatshehadleftthekeysathome.4.表示过去本要做而未做成，常见动词有hope,want,expect,think,mean,plan,suppose,intend等。Wehadplannedtogoonapicnicyesterday,butitwasraining.5.在“hardly/scarcely/rarely...when”和“nosooner...than”两个句型中，主句常用过去完成时。Hardly_____________(finish)hisjobwhenthebosscamein.或Hehadhardlyfinishedhisjobwhenthebosscamein.他一完成工作老板就走了进来。巩固练习1.Jack

_________

(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.

2.I

_________

(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.

3.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts

_________

(reward)withsuccessintheend.

4.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit___________(e)onthemarketin1973.

5.Thisisthefirsttimewe

_________

(see)afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.6.ItwasraininglightlywhenI

_________

(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.7.Moreefforts,asreported,

_________

(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupplysidestructuralreform.

8.I________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.

9.Susanhadquitherwellpaidjoband

_________(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.

10.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho

_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.

11.Since2011,thecountry

_________

(grow)morecornthanrice.

12.Lastyear,everyemployeeinourpany_________

(offer)aphysicalexaminationfreeofcharge.        13.Uponarrivinghome,Lilyfoundthatherhusband 

_________

 (prepare)abeautifulcandlelightdinner.    14.I

_________

(walk)towardthedoortogooutsidewhensuddenlyJimopeneditunexpectedly.15.ThePalaceMuseumhasputonmanyattractionssinceit________(rebuild)in2017.16.Rentusually________

(go)upinthesummer,whencollegegraduatesaremovingoutoftheirdormitoriesandseekingfornewplacestomovein.17.Overthelastfewdecades,economicglobalization________(contribute)greatlytoglobalgrowth.18.WhenIcamebackfrommy10dayholiday,Ifoundthefishtankwasbrokenandthefish________

(die).19.—HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?

—Justfilloutthisformandwe________(see)whatwecandoforyou.20.Shakespeare’splay

Hamlet

________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.21.Thepianist________(develop)aloveformusicwhenhewasalittleboy.

22.Iknowlittleabouttheaccidentbecausenotmuch________(say)aboutituptonow.

23.Thechurchtowerwhich________(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.24.—Aretherepairsfinishedyet?

—Yes,they________

(plete)

whenIcamebackhome.25.Ididn’tgetintouchwithDavidyesterday,sincehe

________

(chair)ameetingwhenIcalled.26.—Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?—No,I_______(read)thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.

27.Thiscoastalarea

_______

(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.

28.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople________(sell)allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.

29.Uptonow,theprogram________(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.

30.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________(do)forme.31.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

________(be)oftenacceptable.

32.Whenfatandsalt

________

(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.33.Progress

________

(be)sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.34.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed，they

________

(increase)theirsalesby20percent.35.ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI

________

(leave)myjacketontheplayground.36.Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe

________

(meet)inRomelastyear.

37.Teenagers

________

(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplayputergamestoomuch.

38.Sofarthisyearwe

________

(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.39.IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmy