专题03重点语法盘点八年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版）（学生版）

20232024学年八年级下期末考点大串讲（人教版）专题03重点语法盘点Unit1What’sthematter?语法①：疾病的表达方式疾病的询问What’sthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？★【解析】mattern.问题；事情，常用于句型What’sthematter(withsb.)中。用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦。比如.—What’sthematterwithyou?—Ihaveabadcold.其他类似表达还有：＂(你)怎么了？＂各种常见表达：What’sthematter(withyou)?＝What’sthetrouble(withyou)?＝What’stheproblem(withyou)?＝What’swrong(withyou)？＝What’sup?＝Whathappened?matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the疾病的表达：havea/an+疾病名词“患……病”类似的短语：haveafever发烧haveacold=catchacold患感冒haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache患胃痛haveatoothache患牙痛haveaheadache患头痛haveabackache患背痛haveasorethroat患喉咙痛haveasoreback患背痛身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛语法②：2. 表达建议的句型Youshoulddrinkmorewarmwater.(多喝热水)Youshouldliedownandtake/haveabreak/rest.(躺下休息)Youshouldtakeyourtemperature.(量体温)Youshouldtakesomemedicine.(吃点药)Youshouldsee/gotoadoctor/dentist.(看医生/牙医)Youshoulddo…Youaresupposedtodo…You’dbetterdo…Whatabout/Howaboutdoing…Whydon’tyoudo…Whynotdo…It’sbestforyoutodo…It’simportantforsb.todosth.Ifyou...,youshould...语法③：情态动词should的用法情态动词should意为“应当；应该”，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。一、should的句式结构句式结构例句肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他Weshouldhelpthepeopleintrouble.否定句主语+shouldn’t+动词原形+其他Theyshouldn’teattoomuch.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他？Whereshouldwemeet?一般疑问句Should+主语+动词原形+其他？—It’stoocold.ShouldIclosethewindow?肯定回答Yes,主语+should.—Yes,youshould.否定回答No,主语+shouldn’t.—No,youshouldn’t.二、should的基本用法及示例用法示例表示劝告、建议YoushouldanswerthequestioninEnglish.你应该用英语回答这个问题。表示义务、责任Childrenshoulddotheirhomeworkbythemselves.孩子们应该独自做作业。表示推断、判断Theyshouldbeathomenow,Ithink.我认为，他们现在应该在家。表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道？语法④：反身代词的用法1.反身代词的构成反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词的宾格加词尾self或selves构成。其构成如下表：人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves它们自己反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，两者在人称和数上应保持一致。例句:Thegirlcandressherself.这个女孩能给自己穿衣服。Ienjoyedmyselfattheparty.在聚会上，我玩得很开心。2.反身代词的用法(1)作动词的宾语。常与反身代词连用的动词有enjoy，help，dress，hurt，teach，wash等。常见词组有:lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学helponeselftosth.请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）enjoyoneself玩得高兴；过得愉快saytooneself自言自语loseoneselfin沉浸于，陶醉于……之中leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下introduceoneself介绍自己例句:HeteacheshimselfEnglish.他自学英语。(2)作介词的宾语，常和by构成固定短语，表示“独立地；单独地”。例句:Thelittlegirlwenttoschoolbyherself.小女孩独自一人去上学了。(3)反身代词可以在句中作同位语，起强调作用，置于名词、代词的后面或句末，表示“自己；亲自”。例句:Hehimselfbuilttherocket.他自己建造了那支火箭。(4)反身代词还可作表语。例句:Heisnothimselftoday.他今天有点不太舒服。反身代词不能单独作主语，但可以作主语的同位语，起强调作用。例句:我自己能完成作业。(误)Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework.Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.②反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，要用one'sown.例句:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I'mdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.(正)I'mdrawingwithmyowncrayons.语法专练语法专练1．Ihurtmy__________intheaccident.Icanhardlywalkthesedays.A．throat B．neck C．knees D．hands2．—________?—Myneckhurts.A．Whatwashappened B．What’sthematterC．What’strouble D．Whathappenedwithhim3．—JennylivesinChinaalone.—Don’tbeworried.Thegirlisoldenoughtolookafter________.A．herself B．myself C．himself4．Let’sstopnow.Wecan’tlose________inplayingonlinegames.A．our B．us C．ourselves5．Tomhadtoomuchicecreamjustnow.Ithinkthat’swhyhehasa________.A．cold B．stomachache C．fever D．nosebleed6．—Thecandyissosweet.Wouldyouliketohaveone?—Forgetit.Ihavea________.A．toothache B．headache C．fever7．Weshouldbecareful.Orwe’llcut________.A．herself B．myself C．ourselves8．—I’llhaveatennisgametomorrow.I’malittleworried.—Believein________.Youarethebestinourclub.A．herself B．myself C．yourself D．himself9．Katecut________whenshelearnttocook.Butnothingwouldstop________fromlearning.A．her;her B．her;she C．herself;her D．herself;she10．—What’syour________,Julia?—Ihaveabadcold.WhatshouldIdo?A．trouble B．hobby C．ageUnit2I’llhelptocleanupthecitypark.语法①：动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为＂to＋动词原形＂，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。◆动词不定式的形式及性质（1）动词不定式的基本形式：todo（to有时可省略）；（2）动词不定式变否定：not（to）do；（3）动词不定式无人称变化；（4）动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。☞tospeakatthemeeting在会议上发言toreadnewspapers看报纸◆动词不定式的句法作用一、作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。☞Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.你必须学着照顾自己。☞Theyvolunteertocleanupthehousefortheoldlady.他们自愿给老人打扫房子。☞Theywouldliketoebybus.他们想乘公共汽车来。二、作宾语补足语。☞ItellhimtoarriveonSunday.我让他周日到达。☞LiLeiaskedhisdeskmatetohelphimwithEnglish.李磊请同桌帮他学英语。☞Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreaditagain.那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官动词或let，make，have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号＂to＂，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb+todosth☞Theteachertoldustoeearliertomorrow.老师告诉我们明天早点来。☞Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她的父母希望她成为一名教师。2.省＂to＂的不定式作宾语补足语：（1）Let/make/have+sb+dosth☞Lettheboygooutnow.让那个男孩现在出去。☞Theymadethechildrenplaythepiano6hoursadaylastmonth.上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。（2）see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb+dosth☞Iheardthemarguethismorning.今天早上我听到他们吵架了。（强调整个过程）

【注意】①help带不带to均可以。☞Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.我经常帮助妈妈做家务。②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。☞WilliamisoftenseentoplayChinesekungfuinthepark.人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。4.否定形式：（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。☞Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。☞Lettheboynotgo.不要让那个男孩走。三、作状语（1）作目的状语。☞Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下来休息。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto或soasto+动词原形，soasto不可用于句首。☞Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。（2）作结果状语。☞Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。☞HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.他奶奶活到了中国解放。☞Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。☞I’mproudtohavetakenpartinthepetitions.很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。☞I’mhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。◆动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑问词连用。☞ThequestionisIdon’tknowwhentostart.问题是我不知道什么时候开始。☞Youdonotknowwhattodoandhowtodoit.你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。语法②：动词短语短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。◆构成：常见的形式有：1.动词＋副词，如：putup2.动词＋介词，如：lookat3.动词＋副词＋介词，如：runoutof4.动词＋名词＋介词，如：takecareof◆动词＋副词（1）常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有：cheerup（振奋起来），cleanup（打扫干净），setup（建立），putup（搭建，张贴），cutup（切碎），fixup（修理），workout（算出），giveout（分发），giveaway（赠送），thinkover（仔细思考），turnover（把……翻过来），handin（上交）等。【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时，后面必须跟宾语，若名词作宾语，可以放在副词前面或后面，但代词作宾语时，必须置于副词之前。（2）常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有：getup（起床），startoff（动身），eback（回来），getdown（下来），holdon（等一下；别挂断），lookout（当心，小心），getaway（逃离）等。◆动词＋介词这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后面必须接宾语。常见的有：lookfor（寻找），standfor（代表），waitfor（等待），payfor（付费），sendfor（派人去请），takeafter（像），hearfrom（收到……的来信），hearof（听说），dependon（依靠）等。◆动词＋副词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有：addupto（总共是），catchupwith（赶上），lookdownupon（瞧不起），runoutof（耗尽，用光）◆动词＋名词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语，有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有：makefunof（取笑），makeuseof（利用），payattentionto（注意），takecareof（照顾）等。【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。☞Heistakingcareofhislittlebrother.他在照顾他弟弟。☞Weshouldn’tmakefunofothers.我们不应该嘲笑他人。短语动词的分类类型与说明示例动词+介词lookafter___照顾___thinkof___认为____takeafter_与……相像_efrom___来自_____askfor___请求_____lookat____看_____动词+副词cheerup__(使)振奋__cleanup__打扫干净_putup_举起；张贴；搭建_fixup___修理____giveaway___赠送___giveout___分发____giveup___放弃____getup___起床____putoff___推迟____turndown_调低；拒绝_setup___建立____takeaway___拿走____动词+副词+介词eupwith想出；提出_runoutof___用完___lookforwardto___期望___动词+名词havearest休息一下_takeawalk___散步___makeadecision__做决定__动词+名词+介词havealook_看一看___makeafriendwith与...交朋友takecareof__照顾___be+形容词+介词belatefor___迟到____bebusywith__忙于……_begoodat___擅长……__begoodfor__对……有好处_besimilarto_与……相像__语法专练语法专练单项选择11．—WouldyouliketotraveltoChengduwithmethisLaborDay?—I’dliketo.Let’s________thebestwaytogothere.A．cheerup B．decideon C．slowdown12．I’mnotgoodatEnglish,butmyEnglishteacheralwaysencouragesme________hard.A．tostudy B．studying C．studied D．study13．—Whydoyougetupsoearly?—________thefirstbus.A．Catch B．Tocatch C．Catching14．—Doyouknow________forhelpwhenweareintrouble?—Ofcourse.Ourteachersandparents.A．whentoask B．wheretosay C．howtosay D．whotoask15．Myparentsdon’tallowme________putergamesonweekdays.A．play B．playing C．played D．toplay16．Ireallydon’tknow______and______.A．whattodo;howtodo B．whattodoit;howtodoitC．whattodoit;howtodo D．whattodo;howtodoit17．Theteacheraskedus________inthelibraryafterschool.A．don’ttalk B．nottalk C．nottotalk D．notalking18．Thenewyearising.Wewillworkhard________ourgrades.A．improve B．improving C．toimprove D．improved19．Annrefused________withherfriendsbecauseshehadtodoherhomework.A．play B．toplay C．playing20．I’msohungry.Ineedsomething_______.A．eat B．toeat C．eating D．eaten21．Mobilephones________mostofstudents’freetimesothattheyhavenotimetotalkwithothersfacetoface.A．takeup B．putaway C．turndown D．giveup22．It’stimefortheweatherreport.Couldyouplease________theTVforme?A．tryon B．dependon C．geton D．turnon23．ThismathproblemissohardthatIcan’t________.Pleasegivemesomeadvice.A．lookthroughit B．workitout C．finditout D．putiton24．—Wordcamethatthesportsmeetinghadbeen________becauseofthesuddenrain.—Thestudentsmustbeverydisappointedthen.A．turnedoff B．keptoff C．cutoff D．shutoff25．—Howareyoufeelingabouttheinggraduation?—Nervousbutexcited.I’msureIwill________allandgraduatewithhonors.A．gothrough B．lookthrough C．takeout D．leaveout26．—Mom,couldyouplease________theTValittlebit?Iamstudyingfortomorrow’sexam.—OK.Sorry,darling.A．turnon B．turnoff C．turndown D．turnup27．ZongQinghou,ChairmanofWahahaGroup,________himselfforgivingawaymoneytopoorchildren.A．cameupwith B．tookpridein C．paidattentionto28．—Theweatherissocold.Whydon’tyou________yourcoat?—Well,thanksalot.Itdoesn’tmatter.A．putoff B．puton C．takeon D．takeoff29．Thesignmeansthatwemust________anddrivequietlyneartheschool.A．godown B．slowdown C．putout D．getoff30．—YouwenttoSara’sbirthdayparty.Howmanyfriendsdidshe________?—Well,I’venoidea.A．callin B．partwith C．takein D．dealwithUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?情态动词could的用法一、情态动词could作为can的过去式时，表示过去的能力和可能性，其否定形式为couldnot，可缩写为couldn’t。Eg.Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.他十岁时就会写诗了。Judycouldn’thaveenoughmoneyforacar.朱迪不可能有足够的钱买汽车。二、情态动词could可用于礼貌地提出要求或征询许可，此时并非can的过去式。用法和句式示例提出请求：Couldyouplease(not)do...?Couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?请你去遛遛狗好吗？征询许可：CouldI/wedo...?CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?我能和朋友一起出去吃（晚）饭吗？肯定回答常用语：Ofcourse./Certainly./OK./Sure./Noproblem.等否定回答常用语：Sorry./Certainlynot./I’mafraidIcan’t./No,youcan’t等.+说明理由—Couldyoupleasecleantheroom?请你打扫一下房间好吗？—Sure.当然可以。—Couldyouopenthewindows?你能打开窗户吗？—Sorry,butIhaveacold.抱歉，我感冒了。【拓展延伸】1.对提出请求或征询许可的句型做否定回答时，通常以sorry或I’msorry开头。Eg.—CouldyouhelpmewithmyEnglishnow?你现在能帮我学英语吗？—I’msorry,butIhaveafootballmatchtenminuteslater.抱歉，我十分钟后要参加一场足球赛。2.如果问句中使用could，回答时要用can或can’t，不能用could或couldn’t。Eg.—CouldIuseyourbike?我能用一下你的自行车吗？—Sure,youcan.当然可以。3.其他常见的表示委婉请求或征询许可的句型：（1）Will/Wouldyoupleasedo...?表示“请你做……好吗？”（2）Wouldyoumind(not)doing...?表示“你介意（不）做……吗？”（3）MayI...?表示“我可以……吗？”语法专练语法专练单项选择1．We________getsomething________afterwatchingthemovie.Iamhungrynow.A．mightn’t;toeat B．might;eatingC．couldn’t;eating D．could;toeat2．You________askyourfriendsforhelpifyoudon’tknowhowtoworkoutthemathproblem.A．could B．wouldC．must D．might3．—________youpleasehelpmelookformyEnglishbook?Ican’tfinditanywhere.—Withpleasure.A．Should B．MustC．Might D．Could4．—_________youpassmethebook?I’dliketoreadit.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．Need B．Could C．Must D．Should5．—Couldyougotothelibrarywithmethisweekend?—Sorry,I______.I’mleavingforShanghaitojointheEnglishSpeechContest(演讲比赛).A．can’t B．couldn’t C．amnotableto6．Bob________playbasketballatalltwoyearsago,butnowhe________doitwell.A．could;can’t B．could;can C．couldn’t;can’t D．couldn’t;can7．Sorrytotroubleyou,but________Ispeaktoyouforawhile?A．could B．should C．must D．need8．—Couldyouplease________thedoor?Ifeelverycold.—OK.ButIthinkyou’dbetter________yourcoat.A．nottoopen;puton B．nottoopen;toputonC．notopen;puton D．notopen;toputon9．—Excuseme,________youpleasesayitagain?Ididn’thearyouclearly.—Yes,ofcourse.A．could B．should C．need D．must10．HelenKeller________seeaftergettingillwhenshewasyoung,butthroughherhardwork,she________beawriter.A．couldn’t;wasableto B．wasableto;couldn’tC．wasableto;wasableto D．couldn’t;couldn’tUnit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents？提建议的句型一、常用提建议的句型句型结构含义示例Whydon’tyou+do?=Whynotdosth.?你（们）为什么不……呢?Whydon’twewritetopenfriend?WhynotjoinanEnglishclub?How/Whatabout+doing?……怎么样?What/HowaboutwatchingEnglishmovies?Let’s+do.让我们……吧.Let’sgoswimmingthisafternoon.We/Youshould/could+do.我们/你（们）应该/可以……Weshouldgetupearlier.Wouldyoumind+doing?你介意……吗?Wouldyoumindspeakinginalowvoice?Would/Couldyouplease+do?请你……好吗?Wouldyoupleaseturndowntheradio?hadbetter（not）dosth.最好（不要）做某事We’dbetterspeakEnglishasmuchaspossible.Wouldyoulike+todosth.?你（们）想要……吗?Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?二、提建议句型的常用答语肯定回答否定回答Goodidea./That’sagoodidea.好主意。OK./Allright./Great.好/行/太好了。Noproblem.没问题。Iagreewithyou.我同意你的看法。Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./I’dloveto./I’dlikeyou.当然可以/我愿意。I’dlove/liketo,but...我愿意，但是……Sorry,Ican’t./Sorry,but...对不起，我不能/对不起，可是……Idon’tthinkso.我不这样认为。I’mafraidnot.恐怕不行。语法专练语法专练单项选择1．—IfeelupsetbecauseIamtooheavy.—________domoreexercisetolosesomeweight?A．Whydon’t B．WhynotC．Whynotto D．Whyyou2．—________inviteTomtogoswimmingwithusthisSunday?—Soundsgreat.A．Why B．WhataboutC．Whynot D．Shouldwe3．—Wouldyoumindme________thedoor?—________.It’smuchtoocoldoutside.A．open;No,youcan’t B．toopen;NotatallC．opening;Ofcoursenot D．opening;Betternot4．—Ithinkweshouldtrytomakeourenvironmentbetter.—________.Everyoneshouldtrytheirbesttodoit.A．That’sallright B．Icouldn’tagreemoreC．Idon’tthinkso D．Thatsoundsfunny5．—WhynottellthestoryYuGongMovesaMountaintoyourclassmates?—________.Thankyou,Mom.A．Goodidea B．Ican’tstandit C．I’mnotavailable D．You’reallright6．—Wouldyoumindmyclosingthedoor?It’stoocoldoutside.—________Youcandoit!A．Certainly. B．You’dbetternot. C．Ofcoursenot. D．Pleasedon’t7．—Cookinghelpsusshowloveforfamilymembers.—_________.EverytimeImakedishesforthem,theyareveryhappy.A．Ican’tbelieveit B．TakeiteasyC．Icouldn’tagreemore D．That’sallright8．—Whydoyoulooksotiredandunhappy?—Istudiedlateeverynight________Icouldstudybetter.A．sothat B．suchas C．sofar D．becauseof9．—Doyoumindmyborrowingthismagazine?—________Butyoushouldreturnittomeinaweek.A．Ofcoursenot. B．Sure. C．You’dbetternot. D．I’mafraidnot.10．—Excuseme,Mr.Jones.CouldItakeaphotowithyou?—Sure,________.A．goahead B．lookafter C．goawayuntil、although与sothat引导的状语从句until、although与sothat引导的状语从句一、语法概述在复合句中，用作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据状语从句表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、目的、结果和让步等类型。本单元主要学习until、although与sothat引导的状语从句。until引导的时间状语从句肯定句中肯定句中表示“直到……为止”主句谓语动词用延续性动词否定句中表示“直到……才……”主句谓语动词用非延续性动词Eg.Ihavetostayhereuntiltherainstops.我不得不待在这儿，直到雨停。Cathydidn’tgohomeuntiltherainstopped.直到雨停了，凯茜才回家。三、although引导的让步状语从句although引导的让步状语从句一般翻译为“虽然；尽管”，一般情况下，although与though可以互换，但两者都不能与but同时出现在一个句子中，但可以和yet/still同时出现。Eg.Althoughshe’sveryweak,sheworksveryhard.她尽管身体很弱，但是工作很努力。四、sothat引导的目的状语从句sothat表示“以便；为了”，从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词can/could/may/might等连用。Eg.Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhe’ssorry.他应该跟他的朋友谈谈，以便能向其道歉。【拓展延伸】sothat+从句=inorderthat+从句=inorderto+do语法专练语法专练单项选择1．________heisbusy,________hekeepslearningaforeignlanguage.A．Though,but B．Though,/ C．Because,so2．Manychildrenstillliketoeatjunkfood,________itisnotgoodfortheirhealth.A．although B．so C．because3．________theprojectwasdifficulttofinish,noneofthestudentsgaveup.A．Unless B．Although C．Because D．If4．You’dbettertakethemapwithyou________youwon’tgetlost.A．sothat B．assoonas C．nowthat D．aslongas5．Amygotupearly________shecouldcatchtheschoolbusthismorning.A．sothat B．asifC．aslongas D．assoonas6．Everyoneshouldplayapartinsavingtheearth________wecanhaveabetterlife.A．eventhough B．asif C．aslongas D．sothat7．Ididn’tgotosleep________mymothercamebackhomelastnight.A．when B．sinceC．until D．before8．—Excuseme,couldyoutellmehowtogettothenearestbank?—Godownthisroad______yougettoaschool,andthenturnleft.A．since B．while C．until D．after9．—I’mafraidtodanceinpublicandIdon’tthinkIcanmakeit.—Youneverknow_________youtryit.A．if B．until C．because10．—Shallwegonow?—No,let’swait________therainstops.A．until B．when C．though D．ifUnit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame？过去进行时一、语法概述过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本结构为“was/were+动词ing形式”。二、过去进行时的基本句式句式构成例句肯定句主语+was/were+doing+其他ThegirlwasshoppingwhenIsawher.否定句主语+wasn’t/weren’t+doing+其他Thegirlwasn’tshoppingwhenIsawher.一般疑问句__Was/were___+主语+___doing____+其他？—WasthegirlshoppingwhenIsawher?—Yes,shewas.No,shewasn’t.肯定回答Yes,主语+__was__/__were__.否定回答No,主语+__wasn’t__/__weren’t__.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词ing形式+其他？WhatwasthegirldoingwhenIsawher?三、过去进行时的基本用法用法时间标志表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作常用时间状语：thismorning,thewholemorning/night,alldayyesterday,allnight,from10:00to12:00yesterday,inthosedays等表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作常用时间状语：atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at3o’clockyesterdayafternoon等表示过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行与when引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时）与while引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时）表示过去某两个延续性动作同时进行多与while引导的时间状语从句连用Eg.IwaswatchingTVthewholenight.整个晚上我都在看电视。MissLiwasshoppingatthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候李小姐正在购物。Thestudentswerereadingwhentheteachercamein.老师进来时学生们正在读书。Whilehewasreading,thetelephonerang.他正在看书时铃响了。Iwascleaningmybedroomwhilemymotherwascooking.我打扫卧室的时候妈妈在做饭。四、过去进行时的特殊用法用法示例与go,e,leave,start等瞬间动词连用时，过去进行时表示过去即将发生的动作ShewasleavingforShanghaithen.那时候她就要动身去上海了。Hesaidtheearlybuswasing.他说早班车就要来了。与always,often等频度副词连用时，表示对过去某件事的埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱，并不强调动作正在进行Thebabywasalwayscrying.那个婴儿总是哭。（表示抱怨）Whywereyoualwaysgettinguplatelastweek?你上周怎么老是起床很晚？（表示埋怨）【易混辨析】when和while的区别（1）when意为＂在……时；当……的时候＂，常指在某个时间点，可表示时间点或时间段，由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。☞Iwasjustreadingabookwhenshecameintomyroom.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。（2）while意为＂当……的时候＂，只表示时间段，常指某个时间段，由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时。从句谓语动词必须用延续性动词，且多用于进行时态。强调主句与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。☞WhileJimwasmendinghisbike,LinTaocametoseehim.吉姆正在修他的自行车时，林涛来看他了。语法专练语法专练单项选择1．Ididn’thearthetelephonering,becauseI__________the19thAsiangamesonTV.A．watch B．watched C．waswatching D．amwatching2．Cindysawatrafficaccidentwhenshe________alongtheroad.A．walks B．haswalked C．iswalking D．waswalking3．—Didn’tyouhearthedoorbell?—Sorry.I________withmyfriendonthephone.A．chat B．willchat C．havechatted D．waschatting4．—Simon,whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?—I________footballA．played B．amplaying C．wasplaying5．Thisstudent________hisbikeinfrontofthehousefrom2:30to3:30yesterday.A．wasrepairing B．repaired C．hasrepaired D．isrepairing76．—Whereisyourfather?Ishecleaningthecar?—No,buthe________itthewholemorning.A．cleaned B．wascleaning C．iscleaning D．cleans7．—Didyouwatchthefootballmatchlastnight?—No.I_______formymathtestatthattime.A．willstudy B．studied C．wasstudying8．—Didyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnow?

—No,sir.I________anewspaper.A．read B．wasreading C．amreading9．—Icalledyoubutnoonewasthereat7o’clocklastnight.

—Sorry,we________amovieatthetheateratthattime.A．watch B．werewatching C．watched D．arewatching10．—Tommy,didyouhearwhatIsaidjustnow?—Sorry,Lora.I________theWorldCupwithmybrothers.A．watch B．amwatching C．willwatch D．waswatchingUnit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.语法①：状语从句unless的用法unless意为＂除非，如果不＂，引导条件状语从句。unless引导的条件状语从句，若主句、从句的动作均未发生，则主句用一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ishallgounlessitrains.如果不下雨我就去。Iwon’tletyouinunlessyoushowmeyourpass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。We’llgototownunlessitrainstomorrow.假如明天不下雨，我们就去城里。[来源:ZXXK]注意：（1）unless通常可以与if...not结构进行相互转换。Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.=Youwillfailifyoudon’tstudyhard.除非你努力学习，否则你会失败。（2）若unless引导的从句本身为否定句，则unless不能用if...not来替换。assoonas的用法assoonas一……就……，强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的，后接从句。当主句是一般将来时，assoonas引导的状语从句应用一般现在时代替将来时。指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主句用一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。有时，为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何，需要用现在完成时。Thestudentsbecamequietassoonastheteachercamein.老师一进来，学生们就安静下来了。Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonasheesback.他一回来，我就告诉他这个消息。I’llreturnthebookassoonasIhavefinishedreadingit.我一读完就把书还回去。Hewilleandseeyouassoonashecan.他一有空就来看你。Thestarscameoutassoonasitwasdark.天一黑，星星就出来了。注意：assoonas引导的时间状语从句在过去时态中主从句时态保持一致；若主句用一般将来时态，则从句用一般现在时态。so...that的用法so...that意为＂如此……以至于＂，引导表示结果的状语从句。so是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词，说明其程度的大小。so...that引导的结果状语从句有如下四种结构：（1）so＋形容词/副词＋that从句Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.这村子太小，所以地图上没有。Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。（2）so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋that从句Itwassohotadaythattheyallwentswimming.天是那么的热以至于他们都去游泳了。Hemadesoinspiringaspeechthateverybodygotexcited.他发表了如此鼓舞人的演讲以至于大家都很激动。（3）so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that从句IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。（4）so＋much/little＋不可数名词＋that从句IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’tevenaffordausedcar.我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。Hedranksomuchwinelastnightthathefeltterrible.昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他觉得很不舒服。（1）形容词+enoughtodosth.＂结构替换。需要注意的是，＂benot+形容词+enoughtodosth.＂中的形容词，应是so...that结构中形容词的反义词。Hisbrotherissoyoungthathecan’tjointhearmy.=Hisbrotheristooyoungtojointhearmy.=Hisbrotherisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.他弟弟太小了，不能参军。[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]（2）当that从句是否定结构，that从句的主语与主句的主语不相同时，可用too...forsb.todosth.替换。ThesuitwasexpensivethatIcouldnotbuyit.=Thesuitwastooexpensiveformetobuy.这套衣服太贵了，我不能买。（3）enoughtodosth.＂把so...that复合句转化为简单句。Theyoungmanissostrongthathecancarrythebigbox.=Theyoungmanisstrongenoughtocarrythebigbox.那个年轻人很强壮，能扛动那只大箱子。（4）当that从句是肯定结构，that从句的主语与主句的主语不相同时，可用＂...enoughforsb.todosth.＂替换。HeransoslowlythatIcouldcatchupwithhim.=Heranslowlyenoughformetocatchupwith.他跑得太慢了，我能赶上他。（5）so...that结构中的＂so+形容词/副词＂可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。Sobrightwasthemoonthatflowerswerebrightasintheday.在如此明亮的月光下，花儿像白天一样鲜艳。语法专练语法专练1．—IsMr.Wangbackhome?—Notyet.I’llcallyouassoonashe________backhome.A．es B．came C．wille2．—WouldyoupleasegivethisnewnoveltoJack?—Certainly,assoonashe________back.A．wille B．came C．es3．—PleasegivetheChinesebooktoLinda.—OK.________Iseeher,Iwillgiveittoher.A．Assoonas B．Unless C．Before D．Although4．—Don’tforgettocallmewhenyoureachMountWuyi.—Well,Iwillcallyou________Igetthere.A．since B．sothat C．assoonas5．Bettycalledherparentsexcitedly_______shegotanofferofwork.A．sothat B．assoonas C．though D．before6．—Theairpollutionisharmingourearth.—Itwillbeworse______strongerlawsaremade.A．since B．if C．until D．unless7．You’llfallbehind______youspendmoretimeonyourstudy.A．since B．unless C．when D．because8．—Thisbookseemsabitboring.—Youwon’tenjoyit________youputyourheartintoit.A．unless B．if C．although9．YalongBayTropicalParadiseForestPark(亚龙湾热带天堂森林公园)is________far________weshoulddriveacarthere.A．so;that B．such;that C．too;to10．Thebookis________interesting________Ican’tputitdown.A．so;that B．such;that C．even;thatUnit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld？形容词和副词的比较等级英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。一、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的构成1.规则变化类别构成图解助记单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加__er___或__est__以字母e结尾加__r___或__st__以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅)，则__双写末尾辅音字母再加__er___或__est___以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变__y___为__i___再加__er___或__est___多音节词和部分双音节词所有多音节和部分双音节词，在词前加__more__或__most__2.不规则变化（补全表格）原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestfarfartherfarthestbad/badly/illworseworstfurtherfurthestmany/muchmoremostoldolderoldestlittlelessleasteldereldest二、形容词和副词比较等级的用法1.原级的用法和句式两者的同级比较用“as+形容词和副词的原级+as”（否定用“not+as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”）Eg.Thisrulerisaslongasthatone.这把尺子和那把尺子一样长。Jimisnotas/sotallasTom.吉姆不如汤姆高。2.比较级的句式和用法句式和用法示例“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B”用于两者之间的比较，表示其中一个比另一个更……Youaretallerthanyourbrother.你比你弟弟高。Hejumpedhigherthanyou.他比你跳得高。“比较级+and+比较级”表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化，意为“越来越……”Heisrunningfasterandfaster.他跑得越来越快。Thecityisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.这个城市变得越来越漂亮了。“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”表示一方程度的变化随着另一方的变化而平行变化，意为“越……，就越……”Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.你吃得越多，就会越胖。“Which/Who+系动词+比较级，AorB?”表示两个人或事物中哪一个/谁更……Whichsweaterischeaper,theredoneortheblueone?哪件毛衣更便宜，红色的还是蓝色的？“A+系动词+the+比较级+ofthetwo（+复数名词）”表示两者中比较……的Maryisthetallerofthetwogirls.玛丽是两个女孩中较高的。【拓展延伸】（1）修饰形容词或副词的比较级可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,far等，但不能用very,so,too等修饰。【记忆口诀】两多（much,alot）两少（alittle,abit）一甚至（even），还有一个远（far）去了。Eg.Thisstoryismuchm