2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第四册Unit3SeaExploration提能训练VIP

Unit3SeaExplorationⅠ.阅读理解A(2023·沈阳市郊联体联考)Earthisfarmorealivethanwepreviouslythought,accordingto“deeplife”studiesthatrevealarichecosystembeneathourfeetthatisalmosttwicethesizeofalltheworld'soceans.Despiteextremeheat,nolightandintensepressure,scientistsestimateithasbetween15billionand23billiontonnesofmicroorganisms.“It'slikefindingawholenewreservoir(贮存)oflifeonEarth，”saidKarenLloyd,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofTenesse.Resultssuggest70percentofEarth'sbacteriaandarchaeaexistinthesubsurface.Oneorganismfound2.5kilometersbelowthesurfacehasbeenburiedformillionsofyearsandmaynotrelyatallonenergyfromthesun.Also,themethanogen(产甲烷菌)hasfoundawaytocreatemethaneinthisenvironment,whichitmaynotusetoreproduceordivide,butusetoreplaceorrepairbrokenparts.Lengthsoftheirliveswerecompletelydifferent.Somemicroorganismshavebeenaliveforthousandsofyears,barelymovingexceptwithshiftsinearthquakesoreruptions.They'rejustactiveinside,withlessenergythanpeoplethoughtpossibletosupportlife.Theteamconsistsof1,200scientistsfrom52countriesindisciplinesrangingfromgeologyandmicrobiologytochemistryandphysics.Ayearbeforetheconclusionoftheirstudy,theywillpresentthefindingsbeforetheAmericanGeophysicalUnion'sannualmeetingopensthisweek,whichtheysayaremadepossiblebytechnicaladvancesondrillsandmicroscopes.Thescientistshavebeenwonderingaboutthepointbeyondwhichlifecannotexist,butthedeepertheydig,themorelifetheyfind.Thereisatemperaturemaximum—currently122℃，buttheybelievethisrecordwillbebrokeniftheykeepexploringanddevelopingmoreadvancedinstruments.Questionsremain,includinghowthemicrobesinteractwithchemicalprocesses,andwhatthismightrevealabouthowlifeandEarthcoevolved.语篇导读：本文介绍了科学家们进行了“深海生命”探讨，在找寻生命的深度极限的过程中，他们发觉在地下有一个丰富的生态系统。1．Whatdothescientistsfindabouttheundergroundorganisms？DA．Theycan'treproduceanddivide.B．They'retheoldestlivingthings.C．Someofthemconsumenoenergy.D．Someofthemalmostalwayskeepstill.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Somemicroorganismshavebeenaliveforthousandsofyears,barelymovingexceptwithshiftsinearthquakesoreruptions.”可知，有些微生物已经存活了数千年，除了在地震或火山爆发时出现移动外，几乎不动。因此，一些地下生物几乎总是保持静止状态。故选D。2．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresearchfromParagraph3？BA．Itlastsforaroundoneyear.B．Itinvolveseffortsfrommultiplefields.C．Itpromotestechnicaldevelopment.D．Itisconductedin52countries.解析：推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Theteamconsistsof1,200scientistsfrom52countriesindisciplinesrangingfromgeologyandmicrobiologytochemistryandphysics.”可知，该团队由来自52个国家的1200名科学家组成，涉及从地质学、微生物学到化学和物理学等学科。因此，多个领域的科学家们共同参加了这个探讨。故选B。3．Whydoesthescientistsdrilldeep？BA．Tobreaktheirpreviousrecord.B．Tofindthedepthlimitoflife.C．Todiscovermoreancientmicroorganisms.D．Todetectthehighestsubsurfacetemperature.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“Thescientistshavebeenwonderingaboutthepointbeyondwhichlifecannotexist,butthedeepertheydig,themorelifetheyfind.”可知，科学家们始终想知道生命存在的极限，但他们挖掘得越深，发觉的生命越多。因此，科学家们挖掘得深是在找寻生命的深度极限。故选B。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？AA．Earth'sDepthsAreFullofLifeB．OrganismsLiveBetterUndergroundC．EarthIsFarBeyondHumanExplorationD．SubsurfaceLifeDiffersFromThatonLand解析：标题归纳题。依据第一段中的“Earthisfarmorealivethanwepreviouslythought...thatisalmosttwicethesizeofalltheworld'soceans.”可知，依据“深海生命”探讨，地球远比我们之前认为的更有活力。该探讨揭示，在我们脚下有一个丰富的生态系统，其规模几乎是世界上全部海洋体积的两倍。因此，地球的深处蕴含着丰富的生命。故选A。B(2023·南京市学情调研)Plasticfishingnets,theso-calledghostnets,abandonedyearlyinthesea—about1milliontons—aremorethanjustrubbish；they'reakiller.Fish,seabirds,andturtlesgetcaughtinthenettinganddie,withmorespeciesatrisk.Muchshockedatthis,PranveerSinghRathore,amaterials-scienceengineerandmaterialsR&DManageratSamsung,andhisteamsetthemselvesthetaskofgivingnewlifetothedeadlynets.Lastmonth,SamsungrevealedanewlineofGalaxyproductsmadeinpartfromrecycledplasticfishingnetsforthefirsttime.Thecompanyestimatesthisyearaloneitcanrecycleover50tonsofocean-boundplasticintothekeycomponentsthatwillgointoitssmartphones,tablets,andcomputers,thustakingabiteoutoftheglobalghostnetsproblem.It'snosmalltasktogivewastefishingnetsasecondact.Thenetsaretypicallymadeofasubstancecallednylonwhichtendstodramaticallydegrade(降解)thelongeritsitsintheoceanandisexposedtothesun.“Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletouseabandonedfishingnetsdirectly，”Rathoreexplains.Besides,high-performancesmartphones,tabletcomputers,orPCshavetobewaterproofandbeabletosurvivesevereweather.Thenyloninthefishingnetsfallsfarshortofthatlevelofdurability.Todealwiththatproblem,Samsunglastsummerteamedupwithtwopartners:onetocollectandtransformthenetsintotinynylonpellets(团粒)whiletheothertostrengthentheirtoughnessanddurability.Theendresult：Thepartnershituponaneco-friendlyandhigh-performanceplasticmaterialthat'sbeingusedtobuildthecomponentpartsforitslatestlineofproducts.Forexample,twopartsoftheGalaxyS22mobilephone—thekeybracketandtheinnercover—aremadeoftheseplasticfishingnetmaterials.Samsungaimstouseevenmoreupcycledmaterialsinfutureproductlines.“That'sthehopefortheglobeandourmission，”Rathoresmiles.语篇导读：文章介绍了塑料渔网——“鬼网”的运用对海鸟、海龟等海洋生物造成的危害，说明白其背后的缘由，并说明白解决方案：三星公司回收改造了这些海洋垃圾，将其制成电子产品的部件。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto？DA．Rubbishinthesea.B．Recyclingthedeadlynets.C．Oceanspecies'extinction.D．Ghostnets'threattosealife.解析：词义揣测题。通读第一段可知，被称为“鬼网”的塑料渔网不仅仅是垃圾，它对很多海洋生物造成了威逼。this位于其次段首句，结合语境可知，它指代的是“鬼网对海洋生物造成的威逼”。故选D。6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？CA．Thelowlevelofdurabilityofnylon.B．Thesecondactofwastefishingnets.C．Thegreatdifficultyinreusingghostnets.D．ThepositivecommentonSamsung'sproducts.解析：主旨大意题。依据第三段的“Thenylonin...levelofdurability.”可知，渔网中的尼龙远远达不到电子元件那种耐用性。这仅仅说明了“鬼网”二次运用的难处之一，不能概括段意。A错误；问题问的是第三段的主旨，依据第三段首句可知，该段重点阐述了“废弃渔网二次运用的困难”，而不是“废弃渔网的二次运用”。B错误；通读第三段内容可知，该段第一句“It'snosmall...asecondact.”为主题句，揭示了废弃渔网二次运用的困难。该段下文针对废弃渔网的再利用难题进行了叙述。C正确；通读第三段内容可知，该段客观地阐述了“鬼网”二次运用的困难，而不是对三星公司产品的正面评价。D错误。故选C。7．WhatisspecialaboutSamsung'snewGalaxyproducts?DA．Theyaremadefromtinynylonpellets.B．Theyputanendtotheproblemoffishingnets.C．Theycanstanduptowaterandsevereweather.D．Theycontainmaterialsrecycledfromghostnets.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段的“Todealwiththatproblem...strengthentheirtoughnessanddurability.”可知，三星的一个合作伙伴收集“鬼网”并将其加工成微小的尼龙团粒，并没有提及三星新Galaxy系列产品是由微小的尼龙团粒制成的。A错误；通读第四段内容可知，三星产品在改造过程中的确运用了“鬼网”，但并不能解决全部渔网的问题。B错误；依据第三段最终两句可知，高性能智能手机、平板电脑或个人电脑必需防水，并能适应恶劣的天气；而渔网中的尼龙则远远达不到那种耐用性。故可知防水并能适应恶劣天气的事物不是三星Galaxy产品。C错误；通读第四段内容可知，三星Galaxy产品在改造的过程中再利用了“鬼网”，三星公司将其做成了新产品中的部件。D正确。故选D。8．WhatcanwelearnaboutRathore'swork？CA．Itmakesplasticeasiertobreakdown.B．ItmarkstheshiftofSamsung'smission.C．Itprotectstheplanetfromchokingonplastic.D．Itraisespublicawarenessofoceanexploration.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Muchshockedat...thedeadlynets.”可知，Rathore和他的团队致力于给“鬼网”新生，对其进行再次利用。再结合最终一段Rathore说的话及全文其他内容可知，他的工作可以爱护地球不被塑料堵塞。故选C。C(2024·河北省沧州市普高质监)MagneticfieldsarepromisingtobeausefultoolinthehuntforhumansettlementsthathavebeenlosttotheseaoffthecoastoftheUK.Anupcomingprojectissettousemagnetometry(磁力测定)datatoseekDoggerland,thefloodedlandthatconnectedBritaintomainlandEuropeuntiltheendoftheIceAge,butthere'shopethatthistechniquecouldbeusedtofindlong-lostcivilizationsallovertheworld.ThestudycomesfromtheUniversityofBradfordintheUK.TheirplanistocloselylookatmagnetometrydatagatheredfromaportionoftheNorthSeaandattempttoidentifyanystrangeanomalies(异样)thatcouldsuggestthepresenceofarchaeologicalstructures.TheteamisespeciallykeentousethesetechniquestolookfortracesofhumanactivitiesbeneaththeNorthSeasinceit'sthoughttohavebeenhometosomeofthelargestprehistoricsettlementsinEurope.Beforeitwasfloodedover8,000yearsago.Doggerlandwasarichanddiversehabitatthatlikelyattractedprehistorichumansandothers.DespiteitspotentialthatlaysbeneaththeNorthSea,weknowrelativelylittleabouttheculturethatoncewasdevelopedhere.“Astheareawearestudyingusedtobeabovesealevel,there'sasmallchancethisanalysiscouldevenrevealevidenceforhunter-gathereractivity.Thatwouldbethemostimportantpart.”BenUrmston,PhDstudentattheUniversityofBradford,saidinastatement.“Wemightalsodiscoverthepresenceofmiddens,whicharerubbishdumpsthatconsistofanimalbones,shellsandotherbiologicalmaterialthatcantellusalotabouthowpeoplelived.”Remarkablylittleoftheworld'soceanshavebeenexplored,letaloneforthepurposesofarchaeology.Nevertheless,advancesintechnologyarecontinuingtoshowthatthecoastlinesarehidingcountlesstracesofancienthumanactivities,evenevidenceoflong-lostcivilizations.ThankstoprojectsliketheoneattheUniversityofBradford,aswellasmanyothers,thefutureofmarinearchaeologyislookingpromising.Nevertheless,wehavetobepatient.Justdon'texpecttostumbleacrossthesunkencityofAtlantisanytimesoon.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了磁场有望成为找寻英国沿海消逝的人类定居点的有用工具。9．Whyismagnetometrydatausedinthisproject？CA．Totracetheicemovement.B．TomeasureDoggerland.C．Tofindalostancientland.D．ToexplorethehistoryofBritain.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Anupcomingprojectissettousemagnetometry(磁力测定)datatoseekDoggerland,thefloodedlandthatconnectedBritaintomainlandEuropeuntiltheendoftheIceAge,butthere'shopethatthistechniquecouldbeusedtofindlong-lostcivilizationsallovertheworld.(一个即将到来的项目将运用磁力测定数据来找寻多格兰。这片被洪水沉没的土地始终连接着英国和欧洲大陆，直到冰河时代结束，但这项技术有望在世界各地找到失传已久的文明。)”可知，运用磁力测定的数据是为了找寻一块被海水沉没的古老陆地——多格兰。故选C。10．WhatdoweknowaboutDoggerlandover8,000yearsago？AA．Itscivilizationislittleknowntous.B．Itwasaplacethatwasoftenflooded.C．Itwasadesertedislandwithfewpeople.D．Itslocationhasnotyetbeenconfirmed.解析：推理推断题。依据第三段中“Beforeitwasfloodedover8,000yearsago,Doggerlandwasarichanddiversehabitatthatlikelyattractedprehistorichumansandothers.DespiteitspotentialthatlaysbeneaththeNorthSea,weknowrelativelylittleabouttheculturethatoncewasdevelopedhere.(在8,000多年前被洪水沉没之前，多格兰是一个丰富多样的栖息地，可能吸引了史前人类和其他物种。尽管北海海底隐藏着巨大的潜力，但我们对这里曾经形成的文化却知之甚少。)”和关键词“knowrelativelylittle”可知，我们对8,000多年前的多格兰文明知之甚少。故选A。11．WhatisBenUrmston'sattitudetowardthisanalysis？DA．Uncaring. B．Subjective.C．Shocked. D．Favourable.解析：推理推断题。依据第四段中本·乌尔姆斯顿所说的“Astheareawearestudyingusedtobeabovesealevel,there'sasmallchancethisanalysiscouldevenrevealevidenceforhunter-gathereractivity.Thatwouldbethemostimportantpart.(由于我们正在探讨的地区曾经高于海平面，因此这项分析甚至有很小的机会揭示狩猎采集活动的证据。这将是最重要的部分。)”可推断，本·乌尔姆斯顿认为这项分析很有意义，所以他的看法是赞成的。A.Uncaring漠不关切的；B.Subjective主观的；C.Shocked震惊的；D.Favourable支持的。故选D。12．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“stumbleacross”inthelastparagraphmean？DA．Display. B．Assess.C．Restore. D．Discover.解析：词义揣测题。最终一段“ThankstoprojectsliketheoneattheUniversityofBradford,aswellasmanyothers,thefutureofmarinearchaeologyislookingpromising.(多亏了像布拉德福德高校这样的项目，以及其他很多项目，海洋考古学的将来看起来很有希望。)”强调海洋考古学的将来有希望，紧接着用Nevertheless一转“Nevertheless,wehavetobepatient.(然而我们必需要有耐性。)”告知我们必需要有耐性，由此推想，作者想告知我们，即使有了这项技术，我们也不会很快发觉沉没在海底的文明。综合分析可知，该画线短语与discover意思相同。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五(2024·四省联考)Therehasbeenaveryseriousdeclineinthenumbersofshallow-waterfishasaresultofoverfishing.Peoplestillwanttoeatfish,sothefishingindustrymustlookatothersources,especiallythedeepwatersoftheAtlantic.1.GConservationmeasureswillhavetobeputinplaceifthesedeep-seafisharetosurvive.Researchonfivesuchspeciesshowsthatnumbershavedeclinedbybetween87percentand98percent.2.DManyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues.Thesearespeciesthathavebeenswimminginouroceansforhundredsofmillionsofyears.Theproblemisemphasizedbythefactthatthedeclineinnumbershappenedinlessthantwentyyears.Deep-seafishtakealongtimetoreproduceandnormallyliveformanyyears.3.CTheaveragesizeofsuchfishalsodeclined,withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize.Thisisofparticularconcern,aslargefishtendtoproducemoreoffspringthansmallones.4.EThedeep-seaspecieshavebeencaughtasiftheywerethefast-breeding(快速繁殖)fishlikesardineandherring.Itislikekillingelephantsasiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits.Thedamagedonebyoverfishinggoesbeyondtheseaenvironment.Millionsofpeoplemakealivinginthefishingindustry.5.AMeasuresmustbetakentonotonlyconserveecosystems,butalsosustainlivelihoodsandinsurefoodsecurity.A．Billionsofpeoplerelyonfishforprotein.B．Manypeoplenowchoosenottoeatdeep-seafish.C．Unfortunately,theirreproductionrateisverylow.D．Thisputstheminthecategoryof“criticallyendangered”．E．Noneofthesefactshasbeentakenintoaccountbythefishingindustry.F．Overfishingisamajorcauseofdeclineinpopulationsofoceanwildlife.G．Thishasresultedinasharpdeclineinthenumbersofmanyofthespeciescaught.语篇导读：本文主要介绍了过度捕捞导致鱼类数量下降，影响了海洋环境，因此必需实行措施爱护生态系统，维持生计和粮食平安。解析：1.依据设空处所在的位置可知，设空处应总结上文内容，即过度捕捞导致鱼类种群和数量下降。G项(这导致了很多被捕物种的数量急剧下降)意义连贯，符合语境。故选G。2．依据上文“showsthatnumbershavedeclinedbybetween87percentand98percent”及下文“Manyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues.”可知，此处应介绍鱼类种群和数量急剧下降导致的结果，D项(这使它们被列入“极危”的范畴)连接上下文，符合语境。故选D。3．依据空前“Deep-seafishtakealongtimetoreproduce”及空后“...alsodeclined,withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize.”可知，深海鱼类繁殖和生长周期很长，这些缘由导致这些鱼群规模变小，故C项(不幸的是，它们的繁殖率很低)符合语境。故选C。4．依据下文“Thedeep-seaspecieshavebeencaughtasiftheywerethefast-breedingfishlikesardineandherring.Itislikekillingelephantsasiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits.”可知，捕鱼者意识不到这种危害性，依旧我行我素。E项(这些事实中没有一个让捕鱼业引起重视)符合语境。故选E。5．依据上文“Millionsofpeoplemakealivinginthefishingindustry.”及下文“Measuresmustbetakentonotonlyconserveecosystems,butalsosustainlivelihoodsandinsurefoodsecurity.”可知，设空处应说明实行措施的缘由，且要与livelihoods和foodsecurity相关。故A项(数十亿人依靠鱼来获得蛋白质)能承接上下文，符合语境。故选A。Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·湖南省五市联考)Welookupwardandwonderwhatlies1.outside/beyondourplanet.Ourcuriosityaboutouterspacehasremainedunshakeable.Meanwhile,itisestimatedthatmorethaneightypercentoftheworld'soceansareunexplored.Soifwewanttofindundiscoveredandunusualgeologicalformations,theoceanisalso2.whatweshouldalsobelookingat.Thenwhydon'twedivetothebottomofareallydeepoceanandtake3.athoroughandlonglookbeneaththewaves?Thefirst200metersofourdive4.takes(take)usthroughwhatcanbecalledtheopenocean,wheremostvisiblelightexists.Sinkingbelow200meters,weenterthetwilightzonewherehunterswithtelescopic,upward-pointingeyesareliving.Consequently,thefishmostlikely5.tobeeaten(eat)haveevolvedtohavethinbodiessothattheyareles