山东省青岛市2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题

20222023学年度第一学期期末考试高三英语(时间:100分钟，满分:120分)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(15个小题，每题分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASomeareattractedtomuseumsbytheartandtheculture—butifthatisn’tenough,thereisalwaysthestrange!CancúnUnderwaterMuseumNoneedtoholdyourbreathtoseethisone.TheCancúnUnderwaterMuseumis,asthenamesuggests,underwater.Morethan500sculpturesanchoredintheoceanoffMexicoaremeanttoillustratetheinterplayofartandnature.Visitorscaneitheradmiretheworksthroughaglassbottomboatortakeascubadivingtour.OmakaAviationHeritageCentreWithgreatattentiontodetail,NewZealandbuilttheOmakaAviationHeritageCentre,whichexhibitsoriginalaircraftfromtheFirstandSecondWorldWars.SomebelongtofilmdirectorSirPeterJackson,whohelpedcreatethesetdesignswithhisteam.AnyoneinterestedinthepioneersofaviationshouldpayavisittothemuseuminBlenheim.TenementMuseumAtNewYork’sTenementMuseum,visitorscangainaninsightintowhatlifewaslikeforimmigrantsandtheworkingclassinthecityfromthe1860sthroughtothe1980s.Themuseumopenedin1992andoffersguidedtoursoftwotenementbuildingswithrecreatedrooms,wherecostumed‘residents’enactthedailylivesofthecity’snewersandworkersovertheperiod—leapsandboundsfromthemoneymakersofWallStreet.CupnoodlesMuseumTheCupnoodlesMuseuminYokohama,Japan,offersatreat:exhibitscanbenotonlyadmired,buteaten.Visitorscanworkinthemuseum’snoodleworkshop,refiningcreationswiththeirfavouriteingredients.Whiledoingso,onecanalsolearnthehistoryoftheramennoodle,oneofJapan’smostpopularfoods.1.WhatisspecialabouttheCancúnUnderwaterMuseum?A.Thestrangename. B.Thenumberofsculptures.C.Worksaboutartandnature. D.Waysofvisitingit.2.Whichmuseumwillattractvisitorsinterestedinhandsonactivities?A.CancúnUnderwaterMuseum. B.OmakaAviationHeritageCentre.C.TenementMuseum. D.CupnoodlesMuseum.3.Whatdothefourmuseumshaveinmon?A.Theyareaboutartandhistory. B.Theydisplayaircraftfromworldwars.C.Theyhaveunusualfeatures. D.Theyrecordimmigrants’dailylives.【答案】1.D2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个博物馆的独特之处。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据对CancúnUnderwaterMuseum介绍中的“Visitorscaneitheradmiretheworksthroughaglassbottomboatortakeascubadivingtour.(游客既可以乘坐玻璃底船欣赏这些作品，也可以进行水肺潜水之旅)”可知，游客乘坐可以乘坐玻璃底船欣赏，这是与其他的景点的独特之处。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TheCupnoodlesMuseuminYokohama,Japan,offersatreat:exhibitscanbenotonlyadmired,buteaten.Visitorscanworkinthemuseum’snoodleworkshop,refiningcreationswiththeirfavouriteingredients.(日本横滨的杯面博物馆提供了一种享受：展品不仅可以欣赏，还可以吃。游客可以在博物馆的面馆工作，用他们最喜欢的食材提炼面条)”可知，CupnoodlesMuseum可以自己制作面条，有自己动手的活动。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Someareattractedtomuseumsbytheartandtheculture—butifthatisn’tenough,thereisalwaysthestrange!(有些人被博物馆的艺术和文化所吸引——但如果这还不够，还有奇怪的事情)”以及四个博物馆的介绍可推知，这四个博物馆都有些独特的特征。故选C。BElonMuskisabusinessman,inventorandengineerandisundoubtedly,oneoftheleadingfiguresintheworldoftechnology.MuskwasborninPretoria,SouthAfricain1971.Attheageof12,hetaughthimselfhowtoprogrammeputers.HewasacceptedtouniversityintheUnitedStateswherehepletedadegreeinArts.Afterthis,hestartedaPhDinphysicsatStanfordUniversity.However,hedroppedouttopursuehisinterestinstartupsandtechnology.Hefoundedanonlinepaymentsitethateventuallywouldbeeaglobalpany.In2001MuskbeganmeetingwithscientiststodiscussthepossibilityofhumanhabitationonMars.Usinghisownfortune,Muskfoundedhispanythatdesignsrocketsandspacevehicles.Itwasthefirstprivatelyownedpanytodoso.In2012,therocketsmadebythepanydockedwiththeInternationalSpaceStation.MuskalsoreceivedcontractsfromNASA,thusmakinghistorybyprovingthattheconceptofmercialspaceexplorationwasbothpossibleandaffordable.AnotheroneofMusk’sinnovationsistheelectriccar.MuskstartedapanyandbecametheCEOin2008.ThepanyisnamedafterNicolaiTesla,theSerbianAmericaninventorandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordesigningtheACelectricalsystem.ThecarsmadebyMusk’spanyaredesignedtoendthedependenceonfossilfuelsandsoreducethenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandairpollutionfromcars.WhydoesMuskdevotehimselftosuchinnovations?Bycreatingopportunitiestoexplorenewplanets,MuskbelievesthatintheeventofamajorcatastropheonEarth,therewouldbethepotentialforthehumanracetocontinueelsewhere.OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environmentfriendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanevergrowingglobalpopulation.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutMusk?A.Helearntputerprogrammesfromhisteacherat12.B.HegraduatedfromStanfordUniversitywithadegreeinphysics.C.Hereceivedgovernmentsupporttofoundthespacepany.D.Henamedhispanyafterawellknownscientist.5.Accordingtotheauthor,whateventwashistoricinMusk’scareer?A.Gettingachievementsinarts.B.Foundinganonlinepaymentsite.C.ReceivingcontractsfromNASA.D.BeingCEOoftwopanies.6.WhatisMusk’smotivationforhisinnovations?A.Toexpandhumanreachandprotecttheearth.B.Tostimulatepeople’scuriosityaboutspace.C.Torealizehisdreamofbeingaleadingfigure.DTomakemoreprofitandsetupmorepanies.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMusk?A.Giftedandhumorous. B.Curiousandhonest.C.Generousandconsiderate. D.Creativeandresponsible.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是商人、发明家以及工程师ElonMusk成功背后的故事，尽管早年从斯坦福辍学，但是他勇于追求自己喜爱的事物，成为了两大公司的总裁，并以自己的两大设计：火箭和电动汽车成为21世纪的先驱。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“ThepanyisnamedafterNicolaiTesla,theSerbianAmericaninventorandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordesigningtheACelectricalsystem.(该公司以塞尔维亚裔美国发明家和物理学家NicolaiTesla的名字命名，他以设计交流电气系统而闻名。)”可知，Musk以一位著名科学家的名字命名他的公司。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“MuskalsoreceivedcontractsfromNASA,thusmakinghistorybyprovingthattheconceptofmercialspaceexplorationwasbothpossibleandaffordable.(Musk还获得了美国宇航局的合同，从而创造了历史，证明了商业太空探索的概念是可能的，也是负担得起的。)”可知，在Musk的职业生涯中接受NASA的合同是历史性的，故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Bycreatingopportunitiestoexplorenewplanets,MuskbelievesthatintheeventofamajorcatastropheonEarth,therewouldbethepotentialforthehumanracetocontinueelsewhere.OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environmentfriendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanevergrowingglobalpopulation.(通过创造探索新行星的机会，Musk认为，如果地球上发生重大灾难，人类将有可能在其他地方继续生存。在地球上，Musk的发明旨在寻找可再生、环保的解决方案，以应对全球人口不断增长的挑战。)”可知，Musk创新的动机是扩大人类所能及的范围，保护地球。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hefoundedanonlinepaymentsitethateventuallywouldbeeaglobalpany.(他创立了一个在线支付网站，最终成为一家全球性公司。)”和第三段的“AnotheroneofMusk’sinnovationsistheelectriccar.(Musk的另一项创新是电动汽车。)”可知，Musk是有创造力的；根据最后一段的“OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environmentfriendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanevergrowingglobalpopulation.(在地球上，马斯克的发明旨在寻找可再生、环保的解决方案，以应对全球人口不断增长的挑战。)”可知，他保护地球，是负责任的，因此用creative(有创造力的)和responsible(负责的)来描述Musk。故选D。CThoughtheymaynotknowit,abouthalfabillionpeopledependontheecosystemscreatedandsustainedbycorals.Andwithclimatechangethreateningcoral’ssurvival,marinescientistEnricSalahadagoalthatmighthaveseemedimpossible.“Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting,pollutingandkillingthem,”Salasaid.ThegoalwasmadepossibleduringanexpeditionSalaledin2009.TheteamtraveledtoacorneroftheSouthPacificOcean,toseeifthealmostuntouchedreefsheldanycluestobringingdamagedreefsinotherpartsoftheoceanbacktohealth.“Thebottomwascoveredbythrivingcoral.Vividcolorssurroundedme－purples,reds,oranges,yellowsandgreens.Itwassobeautiful,”Salasaid.HisteampresentedtheirfindingstoofficialsintheislandcountryofKiribati.Thegovernmenttookstepstoprotectthewatersfromfishing.Butbetween2015and2016,recordlevelsofoceanwarmingdamagedhalfthecoralreefstheteamhadbeenstudying.Afterhearingthatnews,theylosthopeforthehealthofcoralreefs.Lastyear,theywentinforanotherdive.Despitethereportedconditions,thereefhadsomehowrestoreditself,filledwithlifeandcoloroncemore.Salaandhisteamwereoverjoyed.ThisissomethingthatSalasayscanbeowedtotwokeyfactors.Thefirstis,thankfully,halfofthecoralshadnotdied.Despitetheriseintemperatures,therewereenoughsurvivingcoralsleftbehindtohelpreproducethereefs.ThesecondwastheKiribatigovernment’sdecisiontofullyprotectthosewaters.“Ithasanabundanceoffish.Sotheywereeatingallthealgae(藻类)thatwouldcoverthedeadcorals,andmakeitimpossibleforthecoralstoeback,whichiswhathappensinotherplacesliketheCaribbean,”Salaexplained.8.WhatseeminglyimpossiblegoaldoesSalahave?A.Educatingthepublictoprotecttheecosystems.B.Callingonpeopletoactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.C.Goingtoolddayswhencoralswereinhealthycondition.D.LeadinganexpeditiontotheSouthPacificOcean.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph6referto?A.Thebadnews. B.Theseconddiving.C.Thereef’srestoration. D.Thecheerfulmood.10.WhatcanweinferaboutCaribbeanfromSala’swords?A.Thereisabundantfishinitsocean.B.Algaeliethickovercoralsthere.C.Globalwarmingdoeslittleharmtoitsmarinelife.D.Coralsebacktolifethankstogovernment’sefforts.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Kiribati—ACountryofBiodiversity B.AScientist’sLoveforDivingC.TheCoralReefRestoredItself D.OceanWarmingBotheredGovernment【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了随着气候变化威胁到珊瑚的生存，海洋科学家Sala有了一个看似不可能的目标，他想和自己的团队回到过去看到原本的珊瑚礁的样子。去年潜水时，他们很开心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢复。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting,pollutingandkillingthem,”Salasaid.(Sala说:“我们想进入时光机，在我们开始开采、污染和杀死珊瑚礁之前，我们真的看到了一个珊瑚礁，就像它们曾经无处不在一样。”)”可知，Sala似乎不可能实现的目标是回到过去，去看看曾经未破坏的珊瑚礁，所以C选项符合题意。故选C。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第六段“Despitethereportedconditions,thereefhadsomehowrestoreditself,filledwithlifeandcoloroncemore.Salaandhisteamwereoverjoyed.(尽管有报道的情况，珊瑚礁不知怎么地自己恢复了，再次充满了生命和色彩。Sala和他的团队欣喜若狂)”可知，代词This指代前文所描述的珊瑚礁恢复的好消息。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Ithasanabundanceoffish.Sotheywereeatingallthealgae(藻类)thatwouldcoverthedeadcorals,andmakeitimpossibleforthecoralstoeback,whichiswhathappensinotherplacesliketheCaribbean,”Salaexplained.(Sala解释道：“那里有丰富的鱼。所以它们吃了所有的藻类，这些藻类会覆盖死珊瑚，使珊瑚不可能回来，这就是加勒比海等其他地方发生的事情。”)可推知，加勒比海域里也有丰富的鱼，它们吃掉了覆盖在珊瑚上的藻类，从而使得珊瑚恢复。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了随着气候变化威胁到珊瑚生存，海洋科学家Sala有了一个看似不可能的目标，他想和自己的团队回到过去看到原本的珊瑚礁的样子。去年潜水时，他们很开心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢复。所以C选项“TheCoralReefRestoredItself（珊瑚礁自己恢复）”符合本篇文章的标题。故答案为C。D“Practicemakesperfect”isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally?Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,theywillreach“perfection”,orbeeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008bestsellingbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftcocreatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.Gladwell’sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”,whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbeinganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbeinganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobeeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey－enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.12.HowdidGladwellsupporthisidea?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Byusingexamples.C.Byinterviewingfamouspeople. D.Bymentioningotherresearchers.13.WhichofthefollowingmayEricssondisagreewith?A.Practicealoneisfarfromenough.B.10,000hoursofpracticeleadstosuccess.C.Practicehoursvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Deliberatepracticeismuchmoreeffective.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theroleofpractice. B.Factorsincreatingexperts.C.Theimportanceofnaturaltalent. D.Warningsforexperts.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheidea“Practicemakesperfect”?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.【答案】12B13.B14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论证了练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftcocreatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.”（他提到了披头士乐队和微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨。虽然他们似乎都很有天赋，但在成功之前，他们显然也投入了超过1万个小时的练习。）故可推知，格拉德威尔是通过乐队和微软联合创始人为例子来支持他的1万小时理论。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”,whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.”（首先，爱立信表示，1万小时是一个平均数字。有些人需要的时间远远少于1万个小时，有些人则更多。更重要的是，爱立信说，只是大量练习是不够的；实践的类型和质量也很重要。他接着解释了“刻意练习”的重要性，刻意练习是指一个人深入练习一项技能的特定部分，而不是把一项技能作为一个整体来练习。）可知，爱立信可能不同意一万个小时的练习通向成功这个观点。故选B项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbeinganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbeinganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.”（普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究表明，实践只占到人才水平的26%。很多人说，天赋对成为人才有很大的影响。另一个自然因素是身体优势，这在体育运动中尤其明显。智商、性格、态度和起步年龄也是决定性因素。但成为人才并不等于一蹴而就，成功还取决于社会和环境因素。）可知，这段主要讲的是成为人才的一些因素。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobeeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey－enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.”（总而言之，熟不能生巧，但刻意的练习已被证明能带来显著的进步。根据爱立信的研究，以下是一些有效练习的建议：积极主动；制定具体而现实的目标；在舒适区之外工作；始终如一，坚持不懈；好好休息！对于那些想成为某方面专家的人来说，要记住，动力是关键——享受你所做的事情，追随你的激情。）故可推知，作者对“熟能生巧”这一观点持客观的态度。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouhavenevergrownyourowntransplantsforyourgarden,perhapsthisistheyeartotry.____16____Ingardening,transplantistheprocessofplantingseedsinsideandthenmovingthenewgrowthoutside.Ifyouarenewtothistypeofgardening,donotworry.AgardenexpertLeeReichrecentlysharedthisadvice.____17____Flowerssuchaszinnia,calendula,andcosmosaresomeoftheeasiest.Goodchoicesforvegetablesarelettuce,kale,cabbage,andtheeverpopulartomato.Togetstarted,youneedacontainerandsoil.Thecontainershouldbebetween5to10centimetersdeep.What’smostimportantisthatthecontainershouldhaveholesinthebottomsothatsomewatercandrainout(排出).Gardensoil,saysRiech,willnotwork.Itdoesnotdrainquicklyenoughinacontainer.____18____Pottingsoilhasadditionalmaterialsuchasperlite,vermiculite,orsandtoimprovedrainage.Fillthecontainerswiththepottingsoilandpushitdown.Thenplantseeds.Covertheseedwiththepottingsoilandpressgentlyagain.Placethecontainersinapanwhichholdswaterthatreacheshalfwayupthecontainerswiththeseeds.Afterafewhours,removethemfromthewater.Mostseedsdonotneedlighttogerminate(发芽).____19____Nowfortheexcitingpart－waitingtoseelittle,greensprouts(芽)!Removeallbutthestrongestsproutfromeachcontainer.Yourgoalnowistogrowstrongtransplantsthatcansurviveamovetotheoutsidegarden.Infourtosixweeks,mosttransplantsshouldbetwotothreetimestheheightoftheircontainers.____20____Nowtheyarereadytogointothegarden!A.First,whatisa“transplant”?B.Haveyouevergrownyourowntransplants?C.So,youcanplacethemanywhereinyourhome.D.Expertssuggestusingaspecialmixcalledpottingsoil.E.Hesuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasytogrowfromseed.F.However,Reichwarnsthatsomevegetablesshouldnotbegrownastransplants.G.Getthemusedtotheirfutureenvironmentwithaweekofbeingoutsideinthecontainers.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在花园里移植植物。【16题详解】空后说“Ingardening,transplantistheprocessofplantingseedsinsideandthenmovingthenewgrowthoutside.(在园艺中，移植是在室内播种，然后将新生长的植物移到室外的过程。)”，因此空格处应该要问“什么是移植”，A选项“First,whatisa“transplant”?(首先，什么是“移植”？)”提出了什么是移植这个问题，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。【17题详解】空前说“AgardenexpertLeeReichrecentlysharedthisadvice.(园艺专家LeeReich最近分享了这个建议)”，空格处应该详细说明他的建议是什么，E选项“Hesuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasytogrowfromseed.(他建议从容易从种子长成的花或蔬菜开始)”是他的建议，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】空前说“Gardensoil,saysRiech,willnotwork.Itdoesnotdrainquicklyenoughinacontainer.(Riech说，花园的土壤不起作用。它在容器里的滤干速度不够快)”，空后说“Pottingsoilhasadditionalmaterialsuchasperlite,vermiculite,orsandtoimprovedrainage.(盆栽土壤有额外的材料，如珍珠岩，蛭石，或沙子，以改善排水)”，因此空格处应该说要用盆栽土壤，D选项“Expertssuggestusingaspecialmixcalledpottingsoil.(专家建议使用一种叫做盆栽土的特殊混合物)”说明了要用盆栽土，其中的“pottingsoil”和下文的“Pottingsoil”一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】空前说“Mostseedsdonotneedlighttogerminate(发芽).(大多数种子不需要光照就能发芽)”，说明这些种子不挑地方，C选项“So,youcanplacethemanywhereinyourhome.(所以，你可以把它们放在家里的任何地方)”说明了可以把这些种子放在任何地方，其中的them指代空前的seeds，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】空前说“Infourtosixweeks,mosttransplantsshouldbetwotothreetimestheheightoftheircontainers.(在四到六周内，大多数移植物应该是容器高度的两到三倍)”，空后说“Nowtheyarereadytogointothegarden!(现在它们准备好进入花园了！)”，空格处应该要说把它们移入花园前的最后一步，G选项“Getthemusedtotheirfutureenvironmentwithaweekofbeingoutsideinthecontainers.(让它们在容器里待上一周，适应未来的环境)”是移入花园的最后一步，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AtreeplantinginitiativeledbyyoungpeopleinKenyahasseenover30,000treeseedlings(小苗)beingplanted.TheGreenGenerationInitiativeisacharitythathasbeenplantingtreesand____21____deforestation(毁林)andclimatechangesince2016.FoundedbyclimateactivistElizabethwhenshewastwentyoneyearsold,theinitiative’sprimary____22____isontrainingyoungclimateactiviststhrough____23____educationinschoolsandaddressing____24____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees.Sinceitsfoundation,thousandsofschoolchildrenhavenotjustplantedtreesbutlearnedthe____25____ofactingasaguardianoverthe____26____oftheenvironment.Thetreeshaverecordeda____27____rateofover98percent,____28____theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity.SpeakingtoworldleadersattherecentUnitedNationsClimateConferenceinGlasgow,Elizabethissueda____29____onthethreatofclimatechange:“OvertwomillionofKenyansare____30____climaterelatedstarvation.In2025,halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbefacingwater____31____.”Sheadded,“____32____bythegreatenvironmentalistWangariMaathai,Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiativethat____33____foodsecurityforyoungKenyans.Sofar,wehavegrown30,000fruittreestomaturity,providingdesperatelyneeded____34____forthousandsofchildren.Itisour____35____toensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater.”21.A.resisting B.protecting C.increasing D.keeping22.A.need B.result C.effect D.focus23.A.advanced B.environmental C.moral D.strict24.A.personal B.food C.property D.public25.A.importance B.method C.difficulty D.culture26.A.problems B.beauty C.health D.issue27.A.decline B.planting C.survival D.success28.A.when B.but C.or D.as29.A.warning B.letter C.suggestion D.hope30.A.afraidof B.fightingfor C.sufferingfrom D.leadingto31A.shortage B.waste C.pollution D.damage32.A.Forced B.Noticed C.Inspired D.Discouraged33.A.encourages B.enhances C.monitors D.controls34.A.profit B.shelter C.nutrition D.solution35.A.worry B.responsibility C.right D.luck【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.B25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.C31.A32.C33.B34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是GreenGenerationInitiative的创立的背景和重大意义。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：GreenGenerationInitiative是一个慈善机构，自2016年以来一直在植树，抵制森林砍伐和气候变化。A.resisting抵制；B.protecting保护；C.increasing增加；D.keeping保持。根据食物“plantingtrees”和下文“deforestation”可知，这个机构种树是抵制森林砍伐。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候活动家伊丽莎白在21岁时创立了该计划，主要重点是通过在学校进行环境教育来培训年轻的气候活动家，并通过种植果树来解决该地区的粮食不安全问题。A.need需要；B.result结果；C.effect效果；D.focus重点。根据下文“ontrainingyoungclimateactiviststhrough____3____educationinschoolsandaddressing____4____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees”可知，这个计划的主要重点是通过在学校进行环境教育来培训年轻的气候活动家，并通过种植果树来解决该地区的粮食不安全问题。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：气候活动家伊丽莎白在21岁时创立了该计划，主要重点是通过在学校进行环境教育来培训年轻的气候活动家，并通过种植果树来解决该地区的粮食不安全问题。A.advanced先进的；B.environmental环境的；C.moral有关道德的；D.strict严格的。根据下文“Sinceitsfoundation,thousandsofschoolchildrenhavenotjustplantedtreesbutlearnedthe____5____ofactingasaguardian”可知，该计划在学校对孩子进行环境教育，故选B。【24题详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：气候活动家伊丽莎白在21岁时创立了该计划，主要重点是通过在学校进行环境教育来培训年轻的气候活动家，并通过种植果树来解决该地区的粮食不安全问题。A.personal个人的；B.food食物；C.property财产；D.public公开的。根据下文“Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiativethat____13____foodsecurityforyoungKenyans”可知，此处表示“通过种植果树来解决该地区的粮食不安全问题”。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自成立以来，成千上万的学生不仅种树，而且了解到作为环境健康的守护者的重要性。A.importance重要性；B.method方法；C.difficulty困难；D.culture文化。根据下文“actingasaguardianoverthe____6____oftheenvironment”可知，成千上万的学生不仅种树，而且了解到作为环境健康的守护者的重要性。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自成立以来，成千上万的学生不仅种树，而且了解到作为环境健康的守护者的重要性。A.problems问题；B.beauty美丽；C.health健康；D.issue问题。根据上文“plantingtreesand____1____deforestation(毁林)andclimatechange”可知，成千上万的学生不仅种树，而且了解到作为环境健康的守护者的重要性。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些树的存活率超过98%，因为它们从幼苗到成熟都得到了很好的照顾。A.decline下降；B.planting种植；C.survival存活；D.success成功。根据下文“theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity”可知，树的存活率超过98%。故选C。【28题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：这些树的存活率超过98%，因为它们从幼苗到成熟都得到了很好的照顾。A.when当……的时候；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.as因为。根据下文“theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity”可知，这些树的存活率超过98%，因为它们从幼苗到成熟都得到了很好的照顾。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近在Glasgow举行的联合国气候大会上，伊丽莎白对世界各国领导人发出了气候变化威胁的警告。A.warning警告；B.letter信；C.suggestion建议；D.hope希望。根据下文“thethreatofclimatechange”可知，伊丽莎白对世界各国领导人发出了气候变化威胁的警告。故选A。【30题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：超过200万肯尼亚人正遭受与气候有关的饥饿。A.afraidof害怕；B.fightingfor为……而战；C.sufferingfrom遭受；D.leadingto导致。根据下文“climaterelatedstarvation”可知，超过200万肯尼亚人正遭受与气候有关的饥饿。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到2025年，世界上一半的人口将面临水资源短缺。A.shortage短缺；B.waste浪费；C.pollution污染；D.damage破坏。根据上文“thethreatofclimatechange”可知，到2025年，世界上一半的人口将面临水资源短缺。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：受伟大的环保主义者WangariMaathai的启发，我发起了一个植树计划，以加强肯尼亚年轻人的粮食安全。A.Forced强迫；B.Noticed注意到；C.Inspired启发；D.Discouraged使泄气。根据下文“bythegreatenvironmentalistWangariMaathai,Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiative”可知，此处表示“受伟大的环保主义者WangariMaathai的启发，我发起了一个植树计划”。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：受伟大的环保主义者WangariMaathai的启发，我发起了一个植树计划，以加强肯尼亚年轻人的粮食安全。A.encourages鼓励；B.enhances增强；C.monitors监视；D.controls控制。根据上文“addressing____4____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees”可知，句子表示“我发起了一个植树计划，以加强肯尼亚年轻人的粮食安全”。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经种植了3万棵果树，为成千上万的孩子提供了急需的营养。A.profit利润；B.shelter庇护处；C.nutrition营养；D.solution解决办法。根据下文“ensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater”可知，句子表示“我们已经种植了3万棵果树，为成千上万的孩子提供了急需的营养”。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有责任确保孩子们有食物和水。A.worry担心；B.responsibility责任；C.right权利；D.luck运气。根据下文“ensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater”可知，确保孩子们有食物和水是我们的责任。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The2022MediaCooperationForum(论坛)onBeltandRoadwas____36____(grand)heldonTuesdayinXi’an,capitalofNorthwestChina’sShaanxiProvince.In2013,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingproposedtheBeltandRoadInitiative.Overthenext9years,theinitiativehastransformedfromvisionto____37____(real)andbeetheworld’s____38____(large)internationalcooperationplatform.ThePeople’sDaily,theShaanxiprovincialPartymitteeandtheShaanxiprovincialgovernment____39____(host)theforumwiththetheme“EmbraceGlobalDevelopmentInitiativeandDeeperConnectivity”.Morethan120Chineseandforeignmediarepresentativesfrommorethan40countriesandorganizationsparticipated____40____theforumlive,onvideoandthroughwrittenspeeches.Alsoattendingtheforumwerecentralgovernmentofficials,Chineseexperts____41____BeltandRoadInitiativepanybosses.____42____(schedule)forTuesdayafternoonweretwos