2024年广东省高一下学期学业水平测试英语试卷试题（含答案）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页广东2024年高一学业水平测试英语试卷本试卷共12页，笔试部分满分130分，考试时间120分钟。第一部分听说考试（独立安排，满分20分）第二部分综合运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节课外阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOnSeptember17,2022,afatherandsonsetouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetitioninOxford.David,59,andhisson,John,28,weren’tthetypicalcompetitors.Despitedifficultyinwalking,Johnhashisdreamofbeinganathlete.Hisfatherwouldactashisarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Toqualifyashavingfinished,competitorsmustcompleteahard140milesofswimming,bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.DavidandJohnhadparticipatedtogetherinfiveIronmancompetitions,buttheyhadyettofinishintherequiredtime.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswimintheChoptankRiver.Withoneendofaropetiedtoabeltaroundhisbackandtheotherendtoaboatwithhissoninside,thefathereasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhilecarryinganotherpersonistoughenough—Davidalsohadtofightwithjellyfish(水母).Thepaircompletedtheswimin90minutes,andwentthroughwiththe112-milebicyclerideinaboutninehours,thensettheirsightsonthefinallegofthe26.2-milemarathonwithDavidpushingJohnintheracingchair.Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,hismom,onthesidelines,handedhimtherollingwalker.Notthatlongago,Johncouldhardlywalk23steps.Butafteryearsofpainfultraining,heincreasedhisstepcountandwasdeterminedtofinishtheraceonhisown.Heknewtimewasalmostrunningoutandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecutoff.“NotbecauseIwouldn’tgetmymoment,”hesays,“butbecausedadhadworkedsohard.”After16hours,55minutesand35seconds—withjustfourminutesand25secondstospare—fatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdfloodedandcheeredonJohn,thewearyfatherkeptalowprofile.“Hedidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohn.“Hewantedittobemine.”1．HowdidDavidhelphissonintheswimmingpart?A．Bypullingaropetiedtoaboat. B．Byswimmingbesidehisson.C．Bypushinghisson’slifebelt. D．Bycarryinghissononhisback.2．WhydidJohnworryaboutnotmakingthecutoff?A．Hewouldn’tgethismoment.B．Hismomwouldbedisappointed.C．Hisfatherhadputinlotsofeffort.D．Theaudiencehadhighexpectations.3．WhatcanbestdescribeDavid’sroleasafather?A．Responsibleandselfless. B．Braveandhonest.C．Committedandfriendly. D．Gentleanddetermined.BEverymorningingraduateschool,Christywouldwavetothewomansellinghotdogsoutsideherbuilding.“Ifshewasn’tthereonagivenday,thingsdidn’tfeelright.Imissedher,”saysChristy,nowapsychology(心理学)expertatauniversityintheU.K.“Itwasthishugesourceofcomfortandsafety,anditwaswithsomeoneInevertalkedto.”Thatconnectionsatisfiedadeep,bodilyneedforChristy,justlikewaterrelievesthirst.Humansareintenselysocialanimals,andresearchincreasinglysuggeststhatlosingourconnectionstootherscannegativelyimpactourhealth.A2023reportcalledwidespreadlonelinessintheU.S.adeadlyhealthriskcomparabletosmokingupto15cigarettes(香烟)aday.Ontheotherhand,aHarvardstudyfoundthathavingstrongrelationshipsiskeytolivingalongandhappylife.Thestudyalsoshowedthatpeoplebetween80and89yearsoldinhappymarriagesreportedthattheirhappinessremainedstableevenondayswhentheywereingreaterphysicalpain.Butcloserelationshipsaren’ttheonlysocialtiesthatmatter.Chattingwithastranger,givingasmileofrecognitiontothewaiterinyourlocalcoffeeshop,orwavingtothepeopleyouseeeverydayattheparkcreatesamuch-neededsenseofcommunity.“Wecan’tachievehappinessbyourselves.Wesimplycannotsurviveorlivewellwithoutfeelinglikeweareaccepted,”saysChristy.These“weaktie”relationshipsaren’tareplacementforthedeeper,moremeaningfulconnectionswealsoneed.ButChristysaysweshouldrecognizeandcelebratetheirimportance,andpushourselvestoengageinthembecausethey’resobeneficialtooursenseofwell-being.“Iamnotoutgoing,”shesays.“And,atthesametime,Ilovetalkingtostrangers.Ibelievethatanyonecandoit.”4．HowdidChristyfeelwhenshecouldn’tseethewomanasusual?A．Safe. B．Disappointed. C．Angry. D．Satisfied.5．WhatdidtheHarvardstudyfind?A．Olderadultsfeelhappierinmarriages.B．Physicalpainnegativelyaffectshappiness.C．Closerelationshipsleadtolong-termwell-being.D．Happinesshaslittletodowithsocialconnections.6．Whyare“weaktie”relationshipsmeaningful?A．Theycontributetoourhappiness. B．Theyhelpustobeoutgoing.C．Theyreplacecloserelationships. D．Theypushustocommunicate.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AdvantagesofBeingLonely B．InfluenceofMeetingNewPeopleC．ValueofStrongSocialConnections D．Importanceof“WeakTie”RelationshipsCYoungbabiesmakemanyshortandword-likesoundssuchas“ba”or“aga”.Thoseearlysoundsarelaterreplacedwithwordsand,eventually,sentences.Whilesomeofthemareborntobemoretalkativethanothers,anewstudyconfirmsthatmalebabiesmakemoresoundsthanfemalebabiesinthefirstyear.Whiletheresearchconfirmsearlierfindingsfromamuchsmallerstudybythesameteam,theystillcomeasasurprise.That’sbecausethere’sacommonandlong-heldbeliefthatfemaleshaveanadvantageovermalesinlanguage.Inthestudy,DrKimandhisteamincludedmorethan450,000hoursofall-dayrecordingsof5,899babies,usingadeviceaboutthesizeofaniPod.Thoserecordingswereprocessedtocountthenumberofwordsspokenbybabiesandadultsacrossthefirsttwoyearsoflife.Generally,thedatashowedthatmalebabiesmade10%moresoundsinthefirstyearcomparedtofemales.Inthesecondyear,thedifferenceturneddirections,withfemalebabiesmakingabout7%moresoundsthanmales.Thosedifferenceswereobservedeventhoughthenumberofwordsspokenbyadultscaringforthosebabieswashigherforfemalebabiesinbothyearscomparedtomales.Why,then,wouldmalebabiesbemoretalkativethanfemalesinthefirstyearandnotlater?“Wethinkitmaybebecauseboysaremorelikelytodieinthefirstyearthangirls.Giventhatsomanymaledeathshappeninthefirstyear,boysmayhavebeenunderespeciallyhighselectionpressuretoproducefitnesssignalstoexpresstheirwellnessandimprovetheirchancesofsurviving,”saysKim.Bythesecondyearoflife,asdeathratesdropsharplyacrosstheboard,headded,“thepressureonspecialfitnesssignalingislowerforbothboysandgirls.”8．Whyarethefindingsofthenewstudysurprising?A．Theyaresimilartoearlierones.B．Theyshowmalesaremoretalkative.C．Theygoagainstpeople’scommonbelief.D．Theyshowbabieslearnlanguagedifferently9．Whatdidthestudyfindaboutmalebabiesinthesecondyear?A．Theyreceivedmorelanguageinput.B．Theyshowedbetterlanguageabilities.C．Theycommunicatedmorewithadults.D．Theymadelesssoundsthanfemalebabies.10．Whatmightcausethechangeinsoundproductionformalebabies?A．Improvedlanguageskills. B．Changeinlivingenvironment.C．Lessneedforfitnesssignaling. D．Increaseinsocialcommunication.第二节课内阅读理解（满分10分）（一）不定项选择（共2小题；每小题2分，满分4分）阅读下面课内节选文本，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出一个或多个正确的选项，漏选或多选不得分。Theboatwasontheinsideofthehugewhirlpoolandweweregoingroundincirclesatgreatspeed.Isawclearlythattherewereotherobjectsinthewhirlpool—treesandbarrels.Afterawhile,Ibecamecuriousaboutthewhirlpoolitself.Ithenmadethreeimportantobservations.Thefirst,thelargerthebodieswere,themorerapidlytheyfell;thesecond,betweentwoobjectsofequalextent,spheres—roundobjects—felldownlessrapidly;andthethird,betweentwoobjectsofthesamesize,cylinders—objectsshapedlikeatube-felldownmoreslowly.AlthoughIdidn’tknowwhyitwasso,Itiedmyselftoabarreltohelpmefloat.Itriedtomakemybrotherunderstand,buthewastoofrightenedandstayedintheheavyboat.Withoutwaiting,Ijumpedintotheseatotryandescape.Sincemyescape,Ihavehadseveralconversationswithanoldphysicsteacher;anditwasfromhimthatIlearnedtheuseofthewords“cylinder”and“sphere”.HeexplainedtomethereasonsforwhatIobserved,althoughIhaveforgottentheexplanation.Heevenshowedmehowithappenedthatacylinder,swimminginavortex(漩涡),wasdrawninwithgreaterdifficultythananequallybigbody,ofanyformwhatever.11．Whyhasthestorytellerforgottentheteacher’sexplanation?A．Hewastooafraidtolistencarefully.B．Hedidn’tknowmuchaboutphysics.C．Theteacherdidn’texplaintheideasclearly.D．Theteacherdidn’tunderstandhisobservations.12．Howdidthestorytellersurvive?A．Hekeptcalm. B．Heobservedcarefully.C．Hejumpedintothesea. D．Hetiedhimselftoabarrel.（二）语句排序（共6小题；每小题0.5分，满分3分）13．下列选项A至F是关于ChristopherReeve的经历，请按照先后顺序排列。A.Hewasthrownoffhishorseandbrokehisneck.B.Hebecameanadvocateforpeoplewithbackinjuries.C.Heundertookanintenseexerciseprogrammetorebuildmuscle.D.Hiswife,familyandfriendshelpedhimfindthewilltoliveagain.E.Hewishedthathewasdeadandeventhoughtofendinghisownlife.F.Hisinjuriesweresoseverethathehadnomovementorfeelinginhisbody.（三）句子翻译（共2小题；每小题1.5分，满分3分）阅读下面文段，并把下面两个句子翻译成中文。TheStarryNightwaspaintedinJune1889whenVincentvanGoghwasstayingatahomeforthementallyill.VanGoghpaintedthenightskywithclouds,starsandamoon.However,hedidn’tjustpainttheclouds.Healsopaintedthemassivecirclesofwhiteandyellowracingacrossthesky.Thestarsandthemoonhangbrightinthenightsky.Beneaththisamazingsky,weseeasleepingvillageandadark,lonelytree.14．Healsopaintedthemassivecirclesofwhiteandyellowracingacrossthesky.15．Beneaththisamazingsky,weseeasleepingvillageandadark,lonelytree.第三节选句填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DoAnimalsHaveFriends?Whenyouseelittleanimalsplayingtogetheraroundatree,oracatanddogsleepingtogetherinthelivingroom,doyoueverthink—aretheyfriends?Oneexpert,Mike,believesthatmanyanimalsdohavefriends.Ifthey’reinthesamegroup,theygreetoneanother,traveltogether,playtogetherandevensharefoodwitheachother.16Playingtogetherhelpsanimalskeepthemclosetothegroup.Wilddogswhodon’tplaymucharemorelikelytoleavethegroupontheirown.17Ifananimalhasaspecialfriend,bothfriendsbenefitbyhavingsomeonetowatchoutforthem.Inthecaseofayoungrhino(犀牛)goingonitsfirstjourney,itmaylookforanoldertravelfriend.18Sharingisanotherimportantpartoffriendship.Forallanimals,findingfoodisamatteroflifeanddeath.ForsomebatsinCentralandSouthAmerica,iftheydon’tgetabloodmealeverythreedays,theydieofhunger.19Ifabatdoesn’tfindfood,afullbatwillthrowupsomebloodfromitsstomachintothemouthofthehungryfriend.Butsometimesmembersofagroupalsocompeteforfoodandmates,whichcanleadtofights.Somakingupafterfightsisakeyskill.Sometimesaftertwomalemonkeyshaveafight,theywillsitapart,avoidingeachother.20Anolderfemalemonkeymayneedtostepintoplaypeace-maker.Shewillwalkuptooneofthem,kissortouchhim,thenslowlywalktowardtheother.Thenshesitsclosetothesecondmale.Bothstartgrooming(梳毛)her.Whensheleaves,theycontinuetogroomeachother,asiftosay,“We’recoolnow.”A．Eachwantstheothertomakethefirstmove.B．Younganimalsoftenteamupforprotection.C．Buthungrybatsdon’tneedtoworryiftheyhavefriends.D．Andleavingtheprotectionofthegroupcanbedangerous.E．Thesefriendlybehaviorscanbeimportantforananimaltosurvive.F．Thefriendhelpstofindfoodandwater,andavoiddangerousanimals.G．Batstakebloodfromsleepinganimals,buttheyaresurprisinglygoodfriends.第四节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwassixty-eightyearsoldandretiredwhenourchurch(教堂)joinedaprisonservicegroup.Wewentonatourofthewomenprison(监狱).Themetaldoorsgavemeasenseof21.IknewIcouldn’tstandbeinglockedbehindthosedoors,22asavolunteerwhoknewshewasgettingout.ThenMargo,ayoungbutexperiencedvolunteerintheprison,23metobeherpartner.Shefeltshecould24thewomenbyspeakingtotheirneeds.Herpositiveattitudeslowlybuiltmy25,andIacceptedherinvitation.Later,MargoandIscheduledourfirstvisit.26,whenwearrivedattheprison,thewomen27tocomeoutastheywerewatchingTV.AndwhenIarrivedthenextweekforthesecondvisit,IwastoldMargocouldn’t28!HowwasIsupposedtodealwiththemwhenshewasabsent?Waitingalone29,Ialmostjumpedatthesoundofthedoorunlocking.Onebyone,thewomeninorangeenteredtheroom.Isawdaughters,mothers,andgrandmothers.Theyhadalloncemadebaddecisionsbuttheywantedto30.Suddenly,Ifeltnofearandcouldn’twaittoshare31wordswiththesewomen.BeforeIknewit,ourmeetinghadendedandthewomenwere32me.FifteenyearshavepassednowandI33togoweeklytotheprison.Thegreatest34istohearthemsay“thanks,GrannyBev,”astheyfollowtheguardbacktotheirrooms,andIgothroughthe35doorsthatoncebroughtmefear.21．A．curiosity B．fear C．surprise D．sadness22．A．rarely B．especially C．even D．just23．A．invited B．forced C．allowed D．hired24．A．control B．influence C．cheat D．judge25．A．capacity B．patience C．confidence D．reputation26．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However27．A．planned B．refused C．managed D．offered28．A．stay B．speak C．come D．walk29．A．nervously B．excitedly C．expectantly D．angrily30．A．survive B．escape C．relax D．change31．A．encouraging B．interesting C．polite D．tough32．A．congratulating B．asking C．thanking D．observing33．A．stop B．struggle C．forget D．continue34．A．satisfaction B．interest C．disappointment D．wish35．A．hidden B．same C．mental D．wooden第三部分知识基础（共五节，满分45分）第一节词汇中英（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）把下列每组5个中文词语与英文匹配，每组有两个多余选项。匹配单词A.comment

B.apartment

C.agreement

D.equipment

E.experiment

F.requirement

G.commitment36．实验37．投入38．同意39．评论40．设备匹配单词A.ambition

B.population

C.application

D.description

E.Examination

F.conversation

G.composition41．交谈42．作文43．描述44．应用45．抱负匹配单词A.hesitate

B.explore

C.combine

D.confirm

E.conduct

F.encourage

G.contribute46．探险47．犹豫48．确认49．实施50．鼓励匹配单词A.curious

B.general

C.standard

D.complex

E.intelligent

F.remarkable

G.convenient51．普遍的52．好奇的53．复杂的54．标准的55．便利的第二节语义匹配（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据句子内容，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出与句中划线部分意义最接近的选项。56．I’vealwayswantedtoimprovemycookingskills,sorecentlywhenIsawanadvertisementforacookingclass,Idecidedtosignupforit.A．teachthecookingclassB．takethecookingcourseC．designanadvertisementfortheclassD．writedownthenameoftheadvertisement57．WhenIwasbeingunfairlytreatedbyotherchildren,myfriendSarahcametomydefence,whichmovedmealot.A．criedforme B．supportedme C．cametohitme D．playedwithme58．Asshewalkedtowardsthestage,thenervoussingerhadtoswallowheranxietyinordertomakeaconfidentperformance.A．keepherselfactive B．drinksomewaterC．calmherselfdown D．takeadeepbreath59．Inspiredbyhisstruggleswithdeafness,LudwigvanBeethovenproducedsomeamazingpieces.Heproceededwithhiscompositionuntilhisdeath.A．keptpracticingthepianoB．wentontomakehisskillsperfectC．continuedtowritemusicalworksD．studiedhowtowriteacomposition60．Asthefinal,joyousnotesignalledtheendofthesymphony,theaudiencejumpedtotheirfeet,clapping,cheeringandwavingtheirhats.A．jumpedforward B．decidedtoleaveC．steppedontheirfeet D．stoodupinexcitement61．Hespokesharplytohisdaughterandmadehercry.A．inastrictandangryway B．inaloudandconfidentwayC．inafunnyanddirectway D．inasadandemotionalway62．ShewasthefirstChinesefemalescientisttobeawardedaNobelPrizeinrecognitionofherwork.A．tohonorherwork B．toidentifyheratworkC．togivemoneyforherwork D．tosupportherachievement63．Thepaintingshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear.A．asmallnumberofscarypeopleB．alittlemanshoutingfearfulwordsC．athinfaceshowingafeelingofanxietyD．theshapeofathinmanwithascaredface64．ReevestarredinfourSupermanfilmsfrom1978to1987.A．pickedsomestars B．playedtheleadcharacterC．actedasthecharacterofastar D．becamefamousforhischaracters65．Icouldtellyoulotsandlotsaboutthisjourney.Whatstoriesyouwouldhavefortheboy…butwhatapricetopay.A．youneedtopayme B．IhaveagiftforyouC．thelossistoogreat D．itcostsmuchmoney第三节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）请选择单词与音标匹配正确的选项。66．A．variety/ˈveəraɪti/ B．escape/eˈskɪp/C．privacy/ˈprarɪvəsi/ D．figure/ˈfaɪgə(r)/67．A．daring/ˈdaːrɪŋ/ B．appreciate/əpriːˈʃieɪt/C．passion/ˈpeɪʃn/ D．identity/aɪ’dentəti/68．A．throughout/θruːˈaʊt/ B．disease/diːˈsiːs/C．within/ˈwɪθɪn/ D．moment/ˈmɒmənt/69．A．update/,ʌpˈdaɪt/ B．shift/ʃɪft/C．injury/ɪnˈdʒɜːri/ D．emotion/eˈməʊʃn/70．A．depression/dɪˈpreʃn/ B．breathe/breθ/C．concentrate/kɒnsnˈtreɪt/ D．software/ˈsuːftweə/第四节看音标写单词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）看音标写单词71．/ˈhæpi/72．/tʃeɪndʒ/73．/ˈmetl/74．/ˈsʌmə(r)/75．/ˈdʒenərəs/第五节单句语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。76．Shegaveawonderful(perform)inthePeople’sTheatrelastweek.（所给词的适当形式填空）77．Thelabintheyworkedhaspoorairquality.（用适当的词填空）78．Iwasstilltiedtothebarrel,andthewavessooncarriedmetoanareatheotherfishermenwere.(用适当的词填空)79．Heorganizedmany(peace)protests,buthewasputbehindbarsmanytimesfordoingso.（所给词的适当形式填空）80．isstrangeisthatshealwayswearssunglassesindoors,evenatnight.（用适当的词填空）81．Beethovenjumpedaboutinfrontoftheorchestra,(wave)hisarmswildly.（所给词的适当形式填空）82．AlthoughIhavetriedmybest,allmyeffortsendedin(fail).（所给词的适当形式填空）83．First,histwosledges(break)downandthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.(所给词的适当形式填空)84．Shehasastrongdesire(catch)uponherreadingduringtheholidays.（所给词的适当形式填空）85．Communicatingthroughascreenmakesmoredifficultforchildrentoconcentrate.（用适当的词填空）86．In1943,manypeople(treat)unfairlyduetotheirskincolorinAmerica.（所给词的适当形式填空）87．CaptainScottleftarecord,forhonesty,forsincerity,for(brave),foreverythingthatmakesaman.(所给词的适当形式填空)88．Duringthepolarsummerof1910-1911,bothteamsorganizedfoodbasesin(prepare)fortheirjourneysthenextyear.（所给词的适当形式填空）89．Thereisnobetterwaytoseewhatyouarecapable.（用适当的词填空）90．VanGoghpaintedhesawfromhiswindowthenightskywithclouds,starsandamoon.（用适当的词填空）第四部分写作（共两节，满分30分）第一节句子翻译（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）把下面句子翻译成英文。91．在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台。（汉译英）92．虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。（汉译英）93．京剧，作为中国文化珍宝之一，深受众多艺术爱好者的喜爱。（汉译英）94．在John精彩的演讲中，他分享了他英语学习取得快速进步的原因。（汉译英）95．Scott的团队在比赛中输了，但正是他们的勇气让他们成为了英雄。（汉译英）第二节书面表达（满分15分）96．假定你是李华，你参加了学校上周举办的英语课本剧表演大赛（EnglishTextbookDramaCompetition），你的英国笔友Peter发邮件询问相关情况。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：1.参赛过程；2.你的收获。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearPeter,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．A2．C3．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了2022年9月17日，一位59岁的父亲戴维和他的28岁儿子约翰参加了在牛津举行的铁人三项比赛。尽管约翰行动不便，但他梦想成为运动员，父亲充当他的手脚，全程背负儿子参赛。他们需在17小时内完成140英里的游泳、自行车骑行和跑步。经过不懈努力，两人最终携手跨过终点线，展现了深沉的父爱与非凡的毅力。1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Withoneendofaropetiedtoabeltaroundhisbackandtheotherendtoaboatwithhissoninside,thefathereasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhilecarryinganotherpersonistoughenough—Davidalsohadtofightwithjellyfish(水母).(父亲把绳子的一端绑在背上的皮带上，另一端绑在船上，船上有他的儿子，他慢慢地下水了。带着另一个人游泳已经够难的了——大卫还不得不和水母搏斗)”可知，大卫是通过拉一根系在自己背上和载着儿子的船之间的绳子来帮助儿子完成游泳部分的。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“Heknewtimewasalmostrunningoutandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecutoff.“NotbecauseIwouldn’tgetmymoment,”hesays,“butbecausedadhadworkedsohard.”(他知道时间几乎要耗尽了，担心他们无法在截止时间内完成。“并不是因为我无法得到属于我的那一刻，”他说，“而是因为爸爸付出了太多努力。”)”可知，约翰担心不能按时完成主要是因为他知道父亲付出了巨大的努力，他不想让父亲的努力白费。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Despitedifficultyinwalking,Johnhashisdreamofbeinganathlete.Hisfatherwouldactashisarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.(尽管走路很困难，约翰仍有成为一名运动员的梦想。他的父亲会充当他的胳膊和腿，在整个比赛中承受着儿子的重量)”以及全文可知，整篇文章描述了大卫为了帮助残疾的儿子实现运动员的梦想，不辞辛劳，承担起儿子的重量，陪伴他完成艰难的铁人三项比赛。这种行为体现了极强的责任感和无私的爱。故选A。4．B5．C6．A7．D【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了与陌生人之间的“弱联系”也能帮助我们提升幸福感。4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““Ifshewasn’tthereonagivenday,thingsdidn’tfeelright.Imissedher,”saysChristy,nowapsychology(心理学)expertatauniversityintheU.K.“Itwasthishugesourceofcomfortandsafety,anditwaswithsomeoneInevertalkedto.”(“如果某一天她不在，事情就会感觉不对劲。”克里斯蒂现在是英国一所大学的心理学专家，她说:“这是一个巨大的安慰和安全的来源，而且是和一个我从未说过话的人在一起。”)”可推知，当Christy不能像往常一样看见那个卖热狗的女人，她感到失望。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ontheotherhand,aHarvardstudyfoundthathavingstrongrelationshipsiskeytolivingalongandhappylife.(另一方面，哈佛大学的一项研究发现，拥有牢固的人际关系是幸福长寿的关键)”可知，哈佛大学研究发现亲密的关系能带来长期的幸福。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These“weaktie”relationshipsaren’tareplacementforthedeeper,moremeaningfulconnectionswealsoneed.ButChristysaysweshouldrecognizeandcelebratetheirimportance,andpushourselvestoengageinthembecausethey’resobeneficialtooursenseofwell-being.(这些“弱联系”关系并不能替代我们所需要的更深层、更有意义的联系。但克里斯蒂说，我们应该认识到并庆祝它们的重要性，并推动自己参与其中，因为它们对我们的幸福感非常有益)”可知，“弱联系”是有意义的，因为它们有助于我们的幸福感。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Thatconnectionsatisfiedadeep,bodilyneedforChristy,justlikewaterrelievesthirst.Humansareintenselysocialanimals,andresearchincreasinglysuggeststhatlosingourconnectionstootherscannegativelyimpactourhealth.(这种联系满足了对克里斯蒂的身体深层需求，就像水可以解渴一样。人类是高度社会化的动物，越来越多的研究表明，失去与他人的联系会对我们的健康产生负面影响)”及最后一段“These“weaktie”relationshipsaren’tareplacementforthedeeper,moremeaningfulconnectionswealsoneed.ButChristysaysweshouldrecognizeandcelebratetheirimportance,andpushourselvestoengageinthembecausethey’resobeneficialtooursenseofwell-being.(这些“弱联系”关系并不能替代我们所需要的更深层、更有意义的联系。但克里斯蒂说，我们应该认识到并庆祝它们的重要性，并推动自己参与其中，因为它们对我们的幸福感非常有益)”可知，本文介绍了与陌生人之间的“弱联系”对我们来说很重要，能提升幸福感，D选项“‘弱联系’关系的重要性”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。8．C9．D10．C【导语】本文为一篇说明文，研究表明，男婴在出生的第一年发音比女婴多，而在第二年，发出的声音比女婴要少，文章解释了这种现象的原因。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whilesomeofthemareborntobemoretalkativethanothers,anewstudyconfirmsthatmalebabiesmakemoresoundsthanfemalebabiesinthefirstyear.(虽然有些婴儿生来就比其他人更健谈，但一项新的研究证实，男婴在出生第一年发出的声音比女婴更多)”及第二段“Whiletheresearchconfirmsearlierfindingsfromamuchsmallerstudybythesameteam,theystillcomeasasurprise.That’sbecausethere’sacommonandlong-heldbeliefthatfemaleshaveanadvantageovermalesinlanguage.(虽然这项研究证实了同一团队先前进行的一项规模小得多的研究的结果，但它们仍然令人惊讶。这是因为人们长期以来普遍认为，女性在语言方面比男性更有优势。)”可知，新的研究表明男婴在出生的第一年发音比女婴多，与长期以来人们普遍女性在语言方面比男性更有优势这一观点相悖，这是令人惊讶的。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Inthesecondyear,thedifferenceturneddirections,withfemalebabiesmakingabout7%moresoundsthanmales.(在第二年，这种差异转向了方向，女婴发出的声音比男婴多7%)”可知，第二年，男婴发出的声音比女婴要少。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Wethinkitmaybebecauseboysaremorelikelytodieinthefirstyearthangirls.Giventhatsomanymaledeathshappeninthefirstyear,boysmayhavebeenunderespeciallyhighselectionpressuretoproducefitnesssignalstoexpresstheirwellnessandimprovetheirchancesofsurviving,”saysKim.Bythesecondyearoflife,asdeathratesdropsharplyacrosstheboard,headded,“thepressureonspecialfitnesssignalingislowerforbothboysandgirls.”(“我们认为这可能是因为男孩在第一年比女孩更容易死亡。鉴于如此多的男性死亡发生在第一年，男孩可能在特别高的选择压力下产生健康信号来表达他们的健康和提高他们的生存机会，”Kim说。他补充说，到婴儿出生后第二年，随着死亡率全面大幅下降，“男孩和女孩在特殊健康信号方面的压力都较低。”)”可知，男婴在第二年发出更少的声音也许是由于第二年死亡压力减少，所以需要更少的信号来表达健康需求。故选C。11．B12．ABCD【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了我在巨大的漩涡里，通过自己的观察，找到了最佳的逃跑方式，且事后与物理老师交流，懂得了“圆柱体”和“球体”这两个词的使用。11．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sincemyescape,Ihavehadseveralconversationswithanoldphysicsteacher;anditwasfromhimthatIlearnedtheuseofthewords“cylinder”and“sphere”.HeexplainedtomethereasonsforwhatIobserved,althoughIhaveforgottentheexplanation.(自从我逃离后，我和一位物理老师进行了几次谈话；正是从他那里，我获得了“圆柱体”和“球体”这两个词的使用。他向我解释了我观察到的原因，尽管我忘记了解释。)”可推知，作者是在逃离之后与物理老师谈话，从而得到了两个词的使用，老师向他解释了观察到的原因，作者却记不住的原因是因为作者不是物理专业的学生，对物理的了解不多，故选B。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Afterawhile,Ibecamecuriousaboutthewhirlpoolitself.Ithenmadethreeimportantobservations.(一会之后，我对漩涡本身很好奇。然后就做了三次重要的观察。)”、“AlthoughIdidn’tknowwhyitwasso,Itiedmyselftoabarreltohelpmefloat.(尽管我不知道为什么如此，但我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助自己浮起来。)”以及“Withoutwaiting,Ijumpedintotheseatotryandescape.(没有等待，我一下子跳进海里，试图逃跑。)”可知，作者行驶的船在巨大的漩涡里，已经很危险了，但作者还是能观察周围的事物，故说明作者很冷静且观察仔细；通过将自己绑在桶上并跳入海中来逃生，故选ABCD。13．AFEDCB【详解】考查事例排序。“A.Hewasthrownoffhishorseandbrokehisneck.”意为“A.他从马背上摔下来，摔断了脖子。”；“B.Hebecameanadvocateforpeoplewithbackinjuries.”意为“B.他成为了背部受伤的人的拥护者。”；“C.Heundertookanintenseexerciseprogrammetorebuildmuscle.”意为“C.他进行了强度很大的锻炼项目来增强肌肉。”；“D.Hiswife,familyandfriendshelpedhimfindthewilltoliveagain.”意为“D.他的妻子、家人和朋友帮助他找到了活下去的毅力。”；“E.Hewishedthathewasdeada