山东省部分市高三下学期三模英语试题汇编阅读理解

2024届山东省部分市高三三模英语试题汇编阅读理解2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期三模英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATracksThroughTime:FourStunningUKTrainJourneysTheUnitedKingdomisrightlycelebratedasthebirthplaceoftherailway.Andthere’snobetterwaytoseeitthansittingbythewindowinatrain.GlasgowtoMallaigConsideredbysometobethemostscenicrailwaylineintheworld,thislinetakespassengersfromthebustlingcityofGlasgowthroughScotland’swildwesternhighlandstotheremoteportofMallaig.Immerseyourselfinunforgettablesceneryonthisjourney,anddon’tforgettolookoutforBenNevis!TheCaledonianSleeperPassengerscanenjoyfallingasleeptotherhythmofthetrainonleavingLondon,thenwakinguptotheserenebeautyoftheHighlandsatdawnrightoutsideyourwindow.Takeatripbackintimewithallthemodernamenitiesyoucouldwantwiththisiconictrainjourney!TheCambrianLineWales,withitsdramaticlandscapes,historicsitesandinspiringvistas,offerssomemagicaltrainjourneystobefoundintheUK.AndperhapsthejewelintheWelshcrownistheCambrianLine,whichweavesitswaythroughMidWalestothecoast.TheroutebeginsinShrewsburyinEnglandandisfamedforitsscenery.TheSettleCarlisleLineNoarticleoniconicUnitedKingdomtrainjourneyswouldbepletewithoutthisincredibletrainline.Openedin1876,the73milelongroutetakesthetravellerfromSettleJunctioninNorthYorkshiretoCarlisleinCumbria.Threatenedwithclosureinthe1980s,thelinewassavedthankstotheeffortsofraillovers,andpassengernumbershavegonefromstrengthtostrength.1．Whichplaceshouldyougotoifyouwanttovisitaharbor?A．Glasgow. B．Mallaig.C．Westernhighlands. D．BenNevis.2．WhatcanyoudobytakingtheCambrianLine?A．Pickupsomepreciousjewels.B．Weavemagictoenjoytheroute.C．Haveasoundandfortablesleep.D．AppreciatefantasticviewsinWales.3．Whichlinewasonceindangerofbeingshut?A．GlasgowtoMallaig. B．TheCaledonianSleeper.C．TheCambrianLine. D．TheSettleCarlisleLine.BIhaveateaproblem,drinkingfartoomuchsincemyteens.Theaddictionisbad,thoughcheapasaddictionsgo.Myexcuseisthattherearesomanyproblemstowhichacupofteaistheanswer.Whodoesn’tthinkit’salifesaverrightnow,asthedarkfallsandthecoldfollows?Luckily,Ineedn’tbeashamedofmydependenceonteaanylonger—infact,Ishouldbeproud.BecauseanewstudybyProfessorFranciscaAntman,aneconomistattheUniversityofColoradoBoulder,showswidespreadadoptionofteadrinkinginlate18thcenturyEnglandwasn’tjustcentraltothedevelopmentofournationalculture,itactuallysavedlives.In1784,themutationActdramaticallycuttheteataxfrom119%to12.5%.Soonevenpeasantsweredrinkingtwocupsofteaaday,withteaimportsincreasingsixtimesbetween1761and1834．Whatdoesacupofteaneedapartfromtealeaves?Boiledwater—whichmeantmuchhealthierwaterinanerawhenpeopledidn’tknowdirtywaterspreaddisease.Plus,atthetimeteawascheaperthanbeer,theothersourceofdiseasefreedrink.Deathratesfellfrom28to23per1,000peopleoverthatsameperiod.Theroleofteaimportswasconfirmedbydropsindeathsfromdiseasescarriedbywater.Improvementsweregreatestinareasoflowerwaterquality.Andtherewaseconomicdevelopment,allowingthegatheringtogetherofpeopleinthefactorytownsoftheIndustrialRevolution.Thisallhappenedbyaccident,inaperiodinwhichpublichealthprotectiondidn’tmuchexist.Itissurprisinghowasocialcustomcouldhavesuchabigimpactonthecourseofhistory.Anyway,I’mofftoputthekettleon.4．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowarddrınkingtea?A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Conservative.5．Whydidthedeathratesdrop?A．Thegovernmentcanceledtheteatax. B．Theteawasthecheapestdrink.C．Theboiledteawaterwascleaner. D．TheBritishpreferredtodrinktea.6．Whichoftheplacesmightbenefitmostfromdrinkingteainhistory?A．Teagrowingareas. B．Dirtymunities.C．Mountainareas. D．Townsrichinwater.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AnUnexpectedLifesaver B．AModernTrendinTeaDrinkingC．TheOriginsofTeaAddiction D．TheImpactsofTeaExportCPeoplemaytypicallythinkofmemoryastherecollectionofthepast.Memoryenablespeopletolearnfrompastexperiencesandapplythatknowledgeinpresentcircumstances.Itisavitalpartofouridentity.Soisculture,thewayoflifespecifictoagroupofpeople.Culturalmemoryistheconstructedunderstandingofthepastthatispassedfromonegenerationtothenextthroughtext,oraltraditions,monumentsandothersymbols.Culturalmemoryisoftenamassedinobjects,suchasmuseumsorhistoricalmonuments.Tounderstandculture,humansaccessmassesofculturalsymbols,suchasbooks.Artifacts（历史文物）ofthepastprovideinsightsintowherewecamefrom.LibrariesandtheInternetkeepaseeminglyboundlessamountofdataonwhatitmeanstobepartofaculture.Culturalmemoryisthelongestlastingformofmemory.Likeallformsofmemory,culturalmemoryhasimportantfunctions.Forexample,itmakestheexperiencesanationownsclear.Itprovidesuswithanunderstandingofthepastandthevaluesofthegrouptowhichwebelong.Besides,itcreatesaformofsharedidentityandameansformunicatingthisidentitytonewmembers.Themostpowerfulformsofculturalmemorymayinvolvememoriesofpastdisastrousexperiencesundergonebygroupsofvictims.Forexample,inRussia,theirroleinWordWarⅡinwhichtensofmillionsofRussianswerekilled—isstillanimportantpartofmodernRussianidentity.Becauseallgroupshaveculturalmemory,itcanbringaboutaspiritofresistanceorsurvivalamongthreatenedgroups.Themainfunctionofculturalmemoryisnottorecallthepast,whetheritbegoodorbad.Rather,itistouseknowledgeofpastexperiencestoavoidmakingthesamemistakesagainandagain.Culturalmemoryenablespeopletoadapttotheirculture;itenablesculturestoadapttonewcircumstancesbykeepingtracesofwhatworkedinthepast.8．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Reportingadiscoveryofculturalmemory.B．Leadingtotheconceptofculturalmemory.C．Introducingtheimportanceofmemoryinidentity.D．Makingaconnectionbetweenmemoryandculture.9．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“amassed”inparagraph2?A．Accumulated B．Overlooked. C．Evaluated. D．Created.10．Russiaismentionedinparagraph3toindicate______.A．thefeaturesofculturalmemoryB．theformationofculturalmemoryC．theroleofbigeventsinRussianidentityD．theimpactofculturalmemoryonidentity11．Whatisculturalmemorymainlyexpectedtodo?A．Passpreviouswisdomdown.B．Keeptracesofhistory.C．Getpeopletoknowaboutthepast.D．Remindpeopleoftheiridentity.DContrarytothemonlyheldview,thebraindoesnothavetheabilitytorewireitselftomakeupforthelossofsight,orastroke,forexample,sayscientistsfromtheUniversityofCambridgeandJohnsHopkinsUniversity.WritingineLife,ProfessorsTamarMakin（Cambridge）andJohnKrakauer（JohnsHopkins）arguethatthebeliefthatthebrain,inresponsetoinjuryordeficit,canreorganiseitselfandrepurposeparticularregionsfornewfunctions,isfundamentallyincorrect—despitebeingmonlycitedinscientifictextbooks.Instead,theyarguethatwhatisoccurringismerelythebrainbeingtrainedtousepossibleabilitiesthatalreadyexist.Intheirarticle,MakinandKrakauerlookatteninfluentialstudiesthataimtoshowthebrain’sabilitytoreorganise.Theyargue,however,thatwhilethestudiesdoindeedshowthebrain’sabilitytoadapttochange,itisnotcreatingnewfunctionsinpreviouslyunrelatedareasinsteadit’susingpossiblecapacitiesthathavebeenpresentsincebirth.Examiningotherstudies,MakinandKrakauerfoundnoconvincingevidencethatthevisualcortex（大脑皮层）ofindividualsthatwerebornblindortheuninjuredcortexofstrokesurvivorseverdevelopedanovelfunctionalabilitythatdidnototherwiseexist.Understandingthetruenatureandlimitsofbrainplasticity（可塑性）iscrucial,bothforsettingrealisticexpectationsforpatientsandforguidingclinicalpractitioners（从业人员）intheirreconstructiveapproaches,theyargue.Makinadded:“Thislearningprocessisaproofofthebrain’sremarkablebutlimitedcapacityforplasticity.Therearenoshortcutsinthisjourney.Theideaofquicklyunlockinghiddenbrainpotentialsismorewishfulthinkingthanreality.It’saslow,gradualjourney,demandingpersistenteffortandpractice.Recognisingthishelpsusappreciatethehardworkbehindeverystoryofrecoveryandadaptourstrategiesaccordingly.”“Somanytimes,thebrain’sabilitytorewirehasbeendescribedas‘miraculous’—butwe’rescientists,wedon’tbelieveinmagic.Theseamazingbehavioursthatweseearerootedinhardwork,repetitionandtraining,notthemagicalreassignmentofthebrain’sresources.”Theysaid.12．Whatisthemonmisunderstandingofthebrain’sfunction?A．Thebraincannotbetrained.B．Thebraincannotberepurposed.C．Thebraincanrewireitself.D．Thebraincanreacttosuddendiseases.13．Whyaretherelatedstudiesmentionedinthetext?A．Toexplainthelimitsofbrainplasticity.B．Toanalyzethestructureofthebrain.C．Tofindproductiveresearchmethods.D．Toexplorethenewfunctionsofthebrain.14．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Therealisticexpectationsforpatients.B．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.C．Furtherexplanationsofthemedicalstrategies.D．Themedicalsignificanceofthenewfinding.15．WhatmightMakinandKrakauersuggestpeopledo?A．Maketheimpossiblepossible.B．Trytodevelopthebrain’spossibleability.C．Reassignthebrain’sresourcesflexibly.D．Usethemagictoacplishdifficulttasks.2024届山东省德州市高三下学期三模英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.GrainRain,asthelastterminspring,originatesfromtheoldsaying,“Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains.”KeytimeforagricultureGrainRainfallsbetweentheendofspringandthebeginningofsummer,withinfrequentcoldairmovingtothesouthandlingeringcoldairinthenorth.Itbringsamarkedincreaseintemperatureandrainfallandthegrainsgrowfasterandstronger.It’sakeytimetoprotectthecropsfrominsectpests.DrinkingteaThereisanoldcustominsouthernChinathatpeopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.SpringteaduringGrainRainisrichinvitaminsandaminoacids,whichcanhelptoremoveheatfromthebodyandisgoodfortheeyes.EatingtoonasinensisPeopleinnorthernChinahavethetraditiontoeattoonasinensisduringGrainRain.AnoldChinesesayinggoes,“Toonasinensisbeforetherainisastenderassilk.”Thevegetableisnutritiousandcanhelptostrengthentheimmunesystem.GrainRainFestivalTheGrainRainFestivaliscelebratedbyfishingvillagesinthecoastalareasofnorthernChina.GrainRainmarksthestartofthefishermen’sfirstvoyageoftheyear.PeopleworshiptheseaandstagesacrificeritesontheGrainRainFestival,prayingforabountifulharvestandasafevoyagefortheirlovedones.1．WhyisGrainRainimportantforagriculture?A．Itmarkstheendofcoldweather.B．Itbringsaslightclimaticvariation.C．Itcreatesachanceforpeststomultiply.D．Itprovidesincreasedrainfallforcropgrowth.2．WhydopeopleeattoonasinensisduringGrainRain?A．Toenjoyitsbesttaste. B．Toimprovetheirvision.C．Togetridofheatofthebody. D．Tomaketheirskinsmooth.3．What’sthesignificanceofGrainRaininthecoastalnorthernChina?A．Asignoftheendofbitterwinter. B．Thearrivalofthefishingseason.C．Acelebrationofareligiousfestival. D．Aprayforanabundantteaharvest.BResidingonHainan,USraisedXieFeihasestablishedanextensiveprivatemuseum,filledwithhispersonalcollections.ItemsfromNBAstarsMichaelJordanandKobefeaturesignificantlyinXie’sTianfuSportsMuseum.Theseitemsmarkthebeginningofhiscollectionjourney.Aroundin2002,hestartedhisownbusiness,aresorthotelhighlightinglocalcoffeeandshowcasinghissportscollectionstoappealtotourists.Indeed,manytouristsexpressedaninterestintheexhibition,leadingtoeventuallytheofficialopeningofhisownmuseum.Atthattime,Xie,whowasstillnotfluentinMandarin,foundthatthemuseumcouldbeabridgeconnectinghimtoothers.HiscollectionbegantoexpandbeyondtheNBA,embracingricherChineseitems.Sincethen,hehasbeensearchingformoreChinesesportsitemstoaddtohiscollection.Ashisvaluablecollectionexpanded,hebegantofeelmoreresponsibility.Hedecidedtodonatehismorethan2,000itemstothegovernment,whilecontinuingtoexhibitthemforfreeinhismuseum.Hefundsthemuseum’smaintenancewiththeproceedsfromhishotelandofteninvitessportsexpertstoholdactivitiesthere.Inrecentyears,hehasfrequentlytakenitemsfromhiscollectiontoschoolstoteachchildrenaboutthehistoryofChinesesports.Xiealsostartedcollectinglocalsportsmemorabilia（纪念品）,Duringthisprocess,hefoundthatrecordsoflocalsportshistorywereinplete,sohecontactedlocalscholarsandbeganpilingandfillinginthegaps.FromthemedalofHainan’sfirsteverGamestothetraditionalsportsequipmentoflocalLiandMiaopeople,afterseveralyearsofeffort,Xie’smuseumhasbeenabletoorganizeaspecialHainansportsexhibition,whilealsodivingintomoredetailedhistoricalresearch.Butthecollector’seffortsdonotstopthere.Lookingforward,hehassetanewgoal.“Iwanttobuildanewmuseum,onethatfeaturesonlyHainansportsmemorabilia,”Xiesays,“IwanteveryonetoknowhowvibrantHainan’ssportscultureis.”4．WhydidXieFeiopentheTianfuSportsMuseum?A．Touristsenjoyedhissportsequipment.B．HewasmotivatedtopromoteHainan.C．Hisresorthotelrosetofameovernight.D．Peoplewerefascinatedbyhiscollections.5．HowdidXiekeepthemuseumrunning?A．Byraisingmoneyfromthethepublic.B．Bybeingfinancedbythegovernment.C．Byworkingasaparttimeteacher.D．Bysupportingitwiththehoteline.6．Whatcanbeinferredbasedonthefourthparagraph?A．Xiewillparticipateinthesportsgames.B．Hishardworkanddedicationwerefruitful.C．Ethnicitemswillbecollectednationwide.D．Xieispassionateabouttouristdevelopment.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeXiefromhiswords?A．Independent. B．Ambitious. C．Considerate. D．Cautious.CMosquitoescancarryvariousdiseasesandoneofthemostpopularisdengue（登革热）.Dengueiscausedbyanyoneofthefourrelatedvirusesspreadbymosquitoes,becauseofwhichnumerousFilipinosdied.Oneoftheeasiestwaystopreventmosquitoesistouserepellents.Inthemarket,therearemanymercialmosquitorepellentsavailable.ThemonlyusedrepellentinthePhilippinesisquiteunaffordable.Meanwhile,itcontainschemicalsthatmaycauseirritation（刺激）.Theseaccountforwhyresearchersseektodevelopanalternativemosquitorepellent.Theresearchersplantousenaturalponents.Sincetheponentisnatural,thenewmosquitorepellenttobemadefromitiseffectiveyetinexpensiveandposesnoriskstohealthorenvironment.Oneofthemajorponentsbeingexploredisfromlemongrass.Lemongrasshasnaturalantimicrobialfeatures,suitableforuseonvarioustypesofskininfections,usuallyasawash,andisespeciallyeffectiveonskindiseases.Ithasmosquitorepellingeffectsandisusedtomakeamosquitorepellent.Inusingthisproduct,youwillsprayitoverallexposedskinareas.Contactwitheyesshouldbeavoided.Ifirritationoccurs,washoffimmediatelyanddiscontinueusing.Theveryimportanceofthisproductistopreventthespreadofmultiplediseasescausedbymosquitobites.Thenewmosquitorepellentcontaininglemongrassextract（提取物）alsohelpscontroltheoutbreakofotherinsectbornediseasessuchasMalaria,LymeDiseaseandWestNileFever.Afterall,lemongrassisapopularplantfoundmonlyinthecountryanditsextractisusedformedicinalandfoodproducts.Thenewstudyissignificantbecausethere’sanincreasingnumberofdeathsconcerningmosquitoes.Whiletherearealternativesolutions,Filipinoscannotdenytheirbrothersandsisterslivinginpovertycannotaffordtobuyrepellents.Yet,currentlytheresearchersaimtotesthoweffectivetheirnaturalproductisinrepellingmosquitoeswithinhouseholds.Thisinitialstudywillevaluatetheproduct’seffectivenessbeforefurthertrialsinbroaderapplications.8．Whydotheresearcherswanttocreateanalternativerepellent?A．Theeffectoforiginalproductsisdoubted.B．Therearetoomanymosquitoestogetridof.C．Theprovidersfailtomeetthemarketdemands.D．Theexistingproductsarecostlyandharmful.9．Whatmakeslemongrassextractanidealchoiceforthemosquitorepellent?A．Itsuniqueproperty. B．Itsdistributingstyle.C．Itseasyextracting. D．Itslowerriskoneyes.10．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthemosquitorepellentfromthelastparagraph?A．Itwillbelongbeforebeingevaluated.B．Itisapopularmosquitoproofproduct.C．Itscheapnessisitscrucialsellingpoint.D．Itsnaturalmakeupoftenappealtoitsusers.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ATherapyFightingbackMosquitoesB．AnCostEffectiveNaturalMosquitoRepellentC．Dengue:AmonDiseasefromMosquitoesD．Lemongrass:ApoundExtractfromNatureDCharlesDarwinfoundinspirationforhistheoryofevolutioninbirds’beaks,gianttortoiseshells—andlanguage.“Thesurvivalofcertainfavoredwordsinthestruggleforexistenceisnaturalselection,”hewroteinTheDescentofManin1871．Languagegraduallyshiftsovertime.Muchresearchexamineshowsocialandenvironmentalfactorsinfluencelanguagechange,butignorestheforcesofhumancognitiveselectionthatfixcertainwordsintothelexicon（词汇表）.Foranextensivenewstudypublishedrecently,scientistsinvestigatedjustthat.Inanexperimentlikeagameoftelephone,thousandsofparticipantsreadEnglishlanguagestoriesandrewrotethemtobereadbyotherparticipants,whothenrewrotethemforothers.Onlycertainwordsfromthefirststoriessurvivedinthefinalversions.Researchersanalyzedthewordtypesspeakersconsistentlyfavored,theorizingthatsuchpreferencesdrivelanguagechangeovertime.ThescientistsalsoseparatelyanalyzedtwolargecollectionsofEnglishhistoricaltextsfromthepasttwocenturies,containingmorethan40billionwords—againseeingonlycertaintypessurvive.Theendresultshowsthreepropertiesthatgivewordsan“evolutionaryadvantage”byhelpingthemstickinthebrain:First,wordstypicallyacquiredatanearlyage（suchas“hand,”“uncle”or“today”）arestabler.Next,concretewordslinger（逗留）betterthanabstractones:“dog”persistslongerthan“animal,”whichpersistslongerthan“organism.”Lastly,emotionallyexcitingwords—whethernegativeorpositive—tendtoendure.Earlylanguageevolutionmodelsassumedthatlanguagebeesincreasinglyplexovertime.ButFritzBreithaupt,acognitivescientist,saysthenewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand.Still,asthestudynotes,“theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk.”Breithauptexplains:“Yes,weshifttowardsimplelanguage,butthenwealsograbplexlanguagethatweneed.”Newwordsthataddresstheplexitiesofmodernlifemaysomewhatbalanceoutthisshift.ColumbiaUniversitylinguistMcWhortermoreorlessagreeswiththestudy’sresultsaboutevolutionaryadvantageswithinlanguage.Hequestions,however,implicationsregardingtheoverallefficiencyofEnglish—alanguagewhichcontainsthingslike“needlesslyplex”grammaticaltraces.12．Whatdoesthenewstudyconcentrateon?A．Theimpactofcognitiveselection.B．TheperspectiveofCharlesDarwin.C．Theeffectivenessofpreservedwords.D．Theimportanceofnaturalenvironment.13．Whatmaymakeawordgainevolutionaryadvantage?A．Itsstabilityinwordbuilding.B．Itsmoreabstractmeaning.C．Itsstrongemotionalinformation.D．Itssimplegrammaticalstructure.14．Whatphenomenondoestheunderlined“thisshift”inParagraph5referto?A．municationgetsmoreplex.B．Humansprefertousesimplerlanguage.C．Languageisgettinglessunderstandable.D．Newwordscaninterpretmodernlifeeasily.15．WhatdoesMcWhorterimplyaboutEnglish?A．Ithasanevolutionaryadvantage.B．Itkeepsthegrammaticaltraces.C．Itshouldbesimplifiedsometimes.D．Peopleshouldembraceitschanges.2024届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B，C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheAmazonTheAmazonRiver,thebasinofwhichcovers2.3millionsquaremiles,isincrediblybiodiversewithover30,000speciesofplantsand1,800speciesofbirds.ItplaysanimportantroleinadjustingtheclimateinNorthandSouthAmerica.TheRiveranditsforestsarethreatenedbyhumanactivity,primarypollutionandrapidresourcedepletion(损耗).TheOfficeoftheAmericanStatesDepartmentofSustainableDevelopmentisworkingtomanagethethreats.TheMississippiTheMississippirisesinwesternMinnesotaandflowssouthfor2,530milesintotheGulfofMexico.Millionsofpeopleinover50citiesusewaterfromtheMississippi,andtheriverisalsousedforshippingandagriculture.Hundredsofanimalspecies,including60%ofNorthAmerica’sbirds,calltheareaaroundtheMississippiRiverhome,butriverpollutionandshorelinehabitatdestructionthreatentodisplacethem.Fortunately,manyprojectsandorganizationsaredevotedtoitsconservation.TheDanubeTheDanubeRiverbeginsinwesternGermany,flowingover1,775milesintotheBlackSea.Itspans19countries.TheDanubefeaturesarichlydiverseecosystem,hosting55differentspeciesoffish.CitiesacrossEuropeusetheDanubeforpowergenerationandagriculture,andtherearemorethan700damsintotal.Unfortunately,thisriverisoverfishedandheavilypolluted.TheInternationalmissionfortheProtectionoftheDanubeRiverwasestablishedin1998tomanageitsconservation.TheMekongTheMekongRiverisanecessarypartofSoutheastAsia’slandscape,culture,andeconomy.AlsocalledtheLancangRiver,itstartsinChina,stretchingover2,850milesthroughBurma,Laos,Thailand,Cambodia,andVietnam.Itsbasinprovidesmorethan65millionpeoplewithfood,drinkingwater,power,andtransportation.DamsandpowerplantsareharmingMekong’secosystems.OrganizationssuchasConservationInternationalareworkingtoprotecttheriverbyadvocatingforitssustainabledevelopment.1.Birdsareaffectedmostaround________.A.TheAmazon B.TheMississippi C.TheDanube D.TheMekong2.HowmanyfishspeciesdoestheDanubehost?A.70. B.65. C.55. D.50.3.Whatdothatfourrivershaveinmon?A.Theycontributetopowerproduction.B.TheyHowthroughmultiplecountries.C.Theyaretroubledbydamconstructions.D.Theyareunderprotectionoforganizations.BAreyourkeysnotinthespotyouthoughtyouleftthem?Can’trecallthetitleofabook?I’vehadthosemoments.Suchinstancesof“brainfreeze”remindusthatweshoulddoeverythinginourpowertokeepourbrainssharp.AnewstudyfindsTaiChistudycanhelpslowcognitive(认知的)declineandprotectagainstdementia(痴呆).Thestudyincludedabout300olderadults,intheirmid70sonaverage,whohadallreportedthattheirmemorywasnotasgoodasitusedtobe.Aspartofthestudy,alltheparticipantstooka10mirrutetestcalledtheMontrealCognitiveAssessment.Anormalscoreis2630.Apersonwhoscoresbetween18and25isconsideredtohavemildimpairment(损害),whichmeanstheydon’thavedementiabutthey’renotassharpastheyusedtobeandmayneedtoworkhardertomaintaineverydayactivities.Oncetheirscoredropsunder18,peopleexperiencequiteabitofimpairmentfrommemorylossandcognitivedecline.Theaveragescoreofparticipantsatthestartofthestudywas25.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhopracticedasimplifiedformofTaiChitwiceaweekforaboutsixmonthsimprovedtheirscoreby1.5points,meaningthatthey’regoingtogetthreeextrayearsbeforetheyhitthatdeclineintodementia.ResearchersalsotestedamorestrictertypeofTaiChi,calledCognitivelyEnhancedTaiChi,wheretheyprovidedextrachallenges.Forexample,participantswereaskedtospellaword,backwardandforward,astheymovedthroughaseriesofTaiChimoves.ThepeoplewhopracticethistypeofcognitivelyenhancedTaiChiimprovedtheirscoresbyabout3points,meaningtheyaregivensixextrayearsofcognitivefunction.ThetheoryonwhyTaiChiiseffectiveisthatitbinesthememorizationofthemovements,knownasforms,almostlikeposingdancingmoves.4Whyaretwoquestionsraisedinthefirstparagraph?A.Topresenttheauthor’sdoubts. B.Toexpectanswersfromreaders.C.Toanalyzethecausesofforgetfulness. D.Tointroducethemaintopicofthetext.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Cognitiveassessmentmethods. B.Theprocessofrunningthetest.C.Cognitivemeasurementcriteria. D.Thetestresultsoftheparticipants.6.Whatdoestheprebestaveragescoreoftheparticipantsimply?A.Mostofthemsufferfrom,dementia. B.Theyremainasquickmindedasbefore.C.Manyofthemhaveslightcognitivedecline. D.Theycanprotectthemselvesagainstdementia.7.WhydoesTaiChihaveapositiveimpact?A.Ithelpsresolvechallenges. B.Itinvolvesmindbodymovements.C.Itputsoffcognitivedeclinebythreeyears. D.Itimprovestheparticipantsacademiclevel.CTheoceanishometomorethan200,000knownspeciesandasmanyas2millionthatwehaveyettodiscover.And,itisalsohometo24.4trillionpiecesofmicroplastics.In2022,researchersspotlightedhowbadmarinemicroplasticpollution,isgetting:Thetotalamountofmicroplasticsonthebottomofoceanshasgreatlyincreased.inthepasttwodecades.Microplasticparticlesdon’tjustendupatthebottomoftheocean.Animalsareeatingthem—atleast1,500specieshavebeenreportedtoingestplastic.Andalotofit.Forexample,whalesinNewZealand’sHaurakiGulfconsumeroughlythreemillionmicroplasticsdaily,accordingtoresearchpublishedinScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,whichanalyzedwhalewastetoseehowmuchmicroplasticswerepresent.“Otherresearchhasshownthatifplasticsaresmallenough,theycancrossthegut(肠道)walla