江苏省2022届高三年级下册期中考试英语试卷(含答案)

江苏省阜宁中学2022届高三下学期期中考试英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一、阅读理解

Mostofushavedreamedofbeingagreatinventortocreatesomethinggreat.However,

justbecausesomeone'sinventedsomething,itdoesn'tmeanthatthey'rehappywiththeend

result.

AlbertEinstein-TheAtomicBomb

IfsAlbertEinstein'sworkthatmadethecreationoftheatomicbombpossible.

However,yearslaterEinsteinregrettedhavingsignedalettertoPresidentRoosevelt

urginghimtosupporttheresearchintonuclearchainreactions,becausehebelievedthe

Germanswerealreadyworkingonit."HadIknownthattheGermanswouldnotsucceedin

producinganatomicbomb,“hesaid,“Iwouldhaveneverliftedafinger.”

EthanZuckerman—ThePop-upAdvertisement

Ifyou'veeverfoundyourselfyellingatyourcomputerscreeninfrustrationasyet

anotherpop-upadleapsintoview,Zuckermanisthepersontoblame."Thebusinessmodel

thatgotusfundedwasadvertising.Themodelwasanalyzingusers'personalhomepagesso

wecouldbettertargetadstothem.Alongtheway,weendedupcreatingoneofthemost

hatedtoolsintheadvertiser'stoolkit:thepop-upad,“Zuckermanexplained.

BobPropst-TheOfficeCubicle

Inthe1960s,BobPropstintroducedtheofficecubicletoAmericans.Itwasdesignedto

“giveknowledgeworkersamoreflexibleenvironmentthantherat-mazeboxesofof^ices^^.

Companiessawhisinventionasawaytosavemoney,doingawaywithindividualofficesand

replacingthemwithopenplansandcubicles.However,Propstcametocomplainhis

invention."Thecubiclizingofpeopleinmodemcorporationsisextremelymadandstupid,“

hesaid.

1.WhataretheinitialpurposeoftheinventionsofthePop-upAdvertisementandtheOffice

Cubicle?

A.Tosavemoney.B.Toentertaintheusers.

C.Tobenefitthecompanies.D.Toimpressthecompanies.

2.Whatdothethreeinventionshaveincommon?

A.Theirinventorsregrettedtheircreations.

B.Theyaredislikedbyallthosewhousethem.

C.Theyhavebeenwidelyusedinourdailylife.

D.Theinventionscouldsavealotofmoney.

3.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?

A.Story.B.Business.C.Education.D.Technology.

Formostchildren,bathtimeisfun.Butfour-year-oldHarryFloydusedtohaveavery

differentexperience一soonafterclimbingintothewaterhefeltitchy（发痒的）fromheadto

foot.

Harryfirststartedtodevelopsmallitchybumpsontheskinatthreemonthsold.Hewoke

at3a.m.andwascoveredinthebumps,buttheyclearedupwithinanhour.WhenHarry's

motherLisagothimtothedoctor,therewasnothingtosee.Lisainitiallythoughtitwasthe

soapthatHarrywasallergicto,butevenwhenshejustusedwatertobathehimhewouldstill

getthebumps.Lisawasthenalarmedtoseethatwhentheweatherwasreallycoldorhot

Harrywouldstarttogetthem.Withinafewminutestheywouldspreadoverhisbody.He'd

justscreamandtrytoscratchthem.

LisaandherhusbandEddietookHarrytothedoctormanytimesoverthenextyear,but

weretolditwassimplyavirusandtheconditionwouldn'taffecthisolderbrother,Oliver.At

sixmonthsHarrywasdiagnosedwithseveralfoodallergies,whichdoctorsthoughtmight

havecausedthebumps.ButHarrycontinuedtogetthebumpsevenaftershunningthose

foods.Outofdesperation,thefamilytookHarrytoGreatOrmondStreetHospitaltoseea

privatespecialist.Bycoincidence,Harrygotthebumpswhentheywerewaitingtoseethe

consultant.Sotheconsultantsawexactlyhowsevereitwas.AndHarrywasdiagnosedwith

physicalurticaria（尊麻疹），askinallergytoahostofcommontriggers（触发物）.Sincethe

diagnosis,Hany'sconditionhasgreatlyimproved.

Thecauseofphysicalurticariaisstillamystery.Geneticsmayplayaroleandstresshas

beenseenasatrigger.Fromnewbornbabiestotheoldarelikelytosufferfromit.Recent

researchsuggestsaroundonemillionpeopleinBritainsufferfromthecondition,although

expertssaythismaybeinaccurate,withmanymoregoingundiagnosed.

4.WhydoesHarry'sproblemremainunsolvedatthefirsttime?

A.Lisawasunsureaboutthetriggers.

B.Hospitalequipmentwasnotadvanced.

C.Hissymptomsdisappearedinashorttime.

D.Doctorslackedexperiencetoidentifythebumps.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shunning“inParagraph3mean?

A.Digesting.B.Avoiding.C.Selecting.D.Ignoring.

6.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Physicalurticariacanstartatanyage.

B.Harry'sfatherusedtohavephysicalurticaria.

C.PhysicalurticariaisratheruncommoninBritain.

D.Physicalurticariacanbeeasilypassedontochildren.

7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Thesymptomsofararedisease.

B.Thepossiblecausesofphysicalurticaria.

C.Afamilyseekingtreatmentfortheirinjuredkid.

D.Alittleboysufferingfromaterribleskinallergy.

IhavefrequentlytaughtResearchMethodsandDesigntocollegestudentsatseveral

institutions.Iloveteachingthiscourse.Onereason,ofcourse,isthatIenjoythinkingabout

researchmethodology（方法学）andsharingitwithothers.Theotherreason,however,isthe

obviousimpactthatithasonstudents.Everyterm,one（ifnotmore）studenttellsmehow

takingthiscoursehasaffectedhim/her:UIusedtojustreadarticlesandbelievewhattheysaid,

butnowIfindmyselfasking'Isthistrue?Howdotheyknow?Isthisawelldesignedstudy?”

ThatiswhatIwantthestudentstoachieveinthiscourse.

ThisbringstomindsomethingwrittenbyDorothyL.Sayersin1948.Oneofherbooks,

TheLostToolsofLearningspeakstoSayers9thoughtsoneducation.atByteachingouryoung

menandwomentoread,wehaveleftthematthemercyoftheprintedwords.Bythe

inventionofthefilmandtheradio,wehavemadecertainthatnodislikeforreadingshall

protectthemfromtheconstantbatteryofwords,words,words.Theydonotknowwhatthe

wordsmean:theyarevictimstowordsintheiremotionsinsteadofbeingthemastersofthem

intheirmtelligence.^^

Wearewellpastthe1940s,butherobservationisstillrelevant.Sayers'pointiswell

taken.Intheworldof24-hournewsandsocialmediathatoftenresembles（类彳以）theWild

West,theabilitytocarryoutevaluationshasneverbeenmoreimportant.Inordertoresistthe

distortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,aswellasbeabletopresenta

persuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgement

carefully.

WhenmystudentsbegintheResearchMethodsandDesigncourse,theyaregenerally

notcontenttoreadallthoseresearcharticleIgive.However,bytheendofthecourse,they

areexcitedabouttheirnewlyobtainedabilities.

8.Whatistheauthor9scoursegoalforherstudents?

A.Thinkingcritically.B.Readingdeeply.

C.Designingstudieswell.D.Questioningthemselves.

9.WhatdidSayersimplyabouteducation?

A.Itwasboring.B.Itwasworrying.

C.Itwasconventional.D.Itwasuseless.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distortions“inparagraph3referto?

A.Popularnews.B.Variousevaluations.

C.Persuasivearguments.D.Misleadinginformation.

11.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?

A.Toreviewabook.B.Tointroduceawriter.

C.Tosuggestapracticalskill.D.Tocriticizesocialmedia.

Byexaminingtinyvessels（血管）insideaperson'seyes,doctorsmightonedaybeable

topredictthatperson'sriskofearlydeath,accordingtoanewstudy.

Pastresearchhadshowntheretina（视网膜），light-sensitivelayersofnervetissueatthe

backoftheeye,asapossibleindicatorofaperson'sbjologicalage.Theretinaoffersaunique,

accessible“window“toevaluateunderlyingpathological（病理的）processesofsomeserious

diseasesthatareassociatedwithincreasedrisksofdeath.Inthenewstudy,theresearchers

turnedtoadeep-learningtechniquethatcouldpredictaperson'sriskofdeathbyanalyzing

thebiologicalageoftheretina.

Theirdeep-learningmodel,atypeofmachinelearningandartificialintelligencethafs

modeledtolearnsimilartoahumanbrain,analyzedmorethan80.000imagesoffundus（眼

底）-theinternalbacksurfaceoftheeyethatincludestheretina.Theyobtainedtheimages

fromnearly47.000peoplebetweentheagesof40and69,storedintheUK.Biobank.TO

figureoutwhethertheirmodelwasaccurate,theyfirstanalyzedmorethan19,000fundus

imagestakenfrommorethan1,100participantswhowereinrelativelygoodhealth.Theidea

wasthattheretinalbiologicalagesofthesepeopleshouldbefairlysimilartotheir

chronologicalage（实际年龄）.

Themodelwasfairlyaccurateinpredictingretinalages,withanaccuracyofwithin3.5

yearstochronologicalages.Theythenusedthemodeltoassesstheremainingnearly36,000

participants9fundusphotoscollectedacrossaspanof11years.Theyfoundthat51percentof

theparticipantshada"retinalagegap”-thedifferencebetweenbiologicalandchronological

age-ofmorethan3years,28percenthadagapofmorethan5yearsand4.5percenthada

gapofmorethan10years.Inotherwords,theseparticipantshad"older“eyescomparedto

theirchronologicalage.

Thosewhohadlargeragegapshada49-67percenthigherriskofdeathfromcauses

otherthancardiovasculardiseaseorcancer.Witheveryoneyearincreaseintheagegap,the

riskofdeathincreasedby2percentforanycauseand3percentforcausesotherthan

cardiovasculardiseaseandcancer.

12.Whatcanweknowabouttheretina?

A.Itcausesseriousdiseases.

B.Itindicatestheriskofdeath.

C.Itspeedspathologicalprocesses.

D.Itimprovespeople'sphysicalhealth.

13.Howdoresearchersknowtheretinalage?

A.Byexaminingthenervetissue.

B.Bystudyingthehumanbrain,

C.Bycheckingtheeyesight.

D.Byanalyzingfundusimages.

14.Whatpercentageoftheparticipantshadthelargestretinalagegap?

A.3.5%.B.4.5%.C.28%.D.51%

15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Anewstudyisconductedontinyvessels

B.Imagetechnologyisusedtopredictdiseases

C.Eyesmayrevealaperson'sbiologicalage

D.Adeep-leaningontheretinaisnecessary

二、七选五

16.The24solartermswerecreatedthousandsofyearsagoinChinatoguideagricultural

production.TheyalsoreflectChina'srichhistorythroughtheseasonalfestivals,specialfoods,

culturalceremonies,familygatheringsandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheach

solarterm.①

RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival,lively

spring-likescenerystartsblossoming:theriverwaterdefreezes,wildgeesemovefromsouth

tonorthandtreesandgrassturngreenagain.

②InnorthernChina,thespringdroughtiscommonandtheprecipitationofthis

seasonaccountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.Atthistimeofyear,

farmersbegintoploughtheirfields.Ifstherighttimetoprepareforspringsowingwhenthe

daygetswarmer.（3）

DuringRainWaterperiod,extracareisneededtodealwithareturningcoldspelland

humidity,whichistheamountofwaterintheair.④Itisstronglyadvisednotto

takeoffthethickcoatstooearlyandtokeepwarm,especiallytheelderlyandchildren.

ThewetandhumidweatherduringRainWaterperiodisconsideredharmfulforpeople's

spleenandstomachaccordingtoChinesemedicalpractice.⑤PeopleinBeijing

ofteneatporridge（粥）cookedwithakindofChineseherbmedicinetoresistcoldandwet

weather.Honey,datesandChineseyamarealsoverygoodnourishment（营养）toputinthe

porridge

A.WithRainWatercoming,insectsbecomemoreactive.

B.Abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.

C.Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodtowaterthefields.

D.AccordingtoanoldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.

E.ThetemperatureinmostofthebasinareasincreasesquicklyduringRainWater

F.Oneofthe24solarterms,whichisveryimportantinspring,iscalledRainWater.

G.Thefastincreaseinairhumidityduetorainfallcanresultinlowertemperatureandwet

weather.

三、完形填空（15空）

Governmentsarekeenonhighereducation,seeingitasameanstoboostsocialmobility

andeconomicgrowth.Almostallsubsidisetuition一inAmerica,tothetuneof$200billiona

year.Buttheytendtooverestimatethebenefitsand]thecostsofexpandinguniversity

education.Asmoreyoungpeopleseekdegrees,thereturnsbothtothemandtogovernments

are2.

Spendingonuniversitiesisusually3bythe"graduatepremium^^一theincreasein

earningsthatgraduatesenjoyovernon-graduates.Theseindividualgains,thethinkinggoes,

4aneconomicboostforsocietyasawhole.Butthegraduatepremiumisafaultyunitof

calculation.Partoftheusefulnessofadegreeisthatitgivesagraduatejob-seekeran

advantage5non-graduates.Itisalsoasignaltoemployersofgeneralqualities,suchas

intelligenceanddiligence,thatsomeonealreadyhasinordertogetintoauniversity.Some

professionsrequirequalifications.Butadegreeisnotalwaysthebest6oftheskillsand

knowledgeneededforajob.Withdegreesso7employersareusingthemasawayto

screenapplicants.Non-graduatesarethusincreasingly8decentwork.

Inanycase,thepremiumcountsonlythewinnersandnotthelosers.Acrosstherich

world,athirdofuniversitystudentsnevergraduate.Itistheweakeststudentswhoaredrawn

inashighereducation9andwhoaremostlikelytodropout.Theypayfeesand10

earningstostudy,butseelittleimprovementintheirfutureincomes.Whendropoutsare

11,theexpectedfinancialreturntostartingadegreefortheweakeststudentsshrinksto

almostnothing.Manyschool-leaversarebeing12abouttheprobablevalueof

university.

Governmentsneedtooffertheyoungawiderrangeofoptionsafterschool.Theyshould

startbyrethinkingtheirown13practices.School-leaversshouldbegivenawider

varietyofwaystogainvocationskillsandtodemonstratetheir14.Ifschool

qualificationsweremademoredifficulttoget,employerswouldbemorelikelytotrustthem

assignalsofability,andless15degrees."Micro-credentials”——short,work-focused

coursesapprovedbybigemployersinfast-growingfields,suchasIT-showpromise.

17.A.calculateB.coverC.demonstrateD.ignore

18.A.truerB.fullerC.lowerD.earlier

19.A.supervisedB.increasedC.justifiedD.analysed

20.A.makeupforB.adduptoC.putupwithD.standupagainst

21.A.intermsofB.bymeansofC.attheexpenseofD.tothedegreeof

22.A.adjustmentB.extensionC.measureD.awareness

23.A.commonB.hardC.possibleD.specific

24.A.drivenintoB.hiddenfromC.takenuptoD.lockedoutof

25.A.remainsB.expandsC.shrinksD.functions

26.A.adaptB.sacrificeC.withdrawD.relate

27.A.includedB.neglectedC.reducedD.surveyed

28.A.informedB.consultedC.misledD.misinterpreted

29.A.operatingB.hiringC.accountingD.trading

30.A.employ-abilityB.availabilityC.sociabilityD.

individuality

31.A.restrictedtoB.surprisedatC.curiousaboutD.insistenton

四、短文填空

32.WhenIwas4,IwantedtogotoDisneyWorld.Formostyoungkids,ifsanormal

request,butIwouldwalkintoDisneyWorld.Iwasbornthreemonthspremature,and

becauseofthis,Ihavecerebralpalsy(月底瘫).Itisacondition®doesn'tallowme

towalkonmyown.Evenso,mydadandIhadadetailedplan.

Overthenextthreeyearsorso,Iworkedwithphysicaltherapists,acquiredawalkerand

practicedwalking,standingandbalancing-allskillsthatIwouldneedtoturnmygoal②

_________areality.

ThenIwent,walkingsoslowlyatfirst,thengradually(3)(speed)up,

comfortedandencouragedbyallmyfriendsandfamily.Ilostmybalance,bumpinginto

something.Luckily,we(4)(practice)andplannedforthistypeofsituationin

advance.Holdingfastontothehandlebars,Igatheredupallofmysix-year-oldstrength,

pickedupmywalkerandstraightenedout,pickingupmypaceonceagain.Itwasn'ttoolong

⑤cheerscamebecauseIhadmadeittotheend,(6)mymomwas

waitingwithtearsinhereyesandarmsopenwideready©(hug)hersonandtell

himhowproudshewas.

Lookingbackonthatexperience,Irealizesomethingpretty®(essence).

Everyonceinawhile,lifewillthrowafew⑨(bump)intheroad.Thoughitmay

setyoubackforabit,don'tletitstopyou.Pickyourselfupafteryouhavefallenandgoon

walking.It'sworth®.Besides,therejustmightbesomeonecheeringyouon

alongtheway.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是学生会主席李华，当前新冠状病毒肆虐，请你围绕“从小事做起共战疫

情”这一主题，给全校学生写一封英文倡议书。

要点如下：

1.倡议的原因和目的；

2.倡议的具体内容；

3.发出倡议。

注意；1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Proposal

Dearschoolmate,

TheStudents9Union

Feb.14th.2020

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

OneSaturdayafternoon,IwaswatchingTVinthelivingroomwithmygrandpawhena

blindingflashoflightningflashedacrossthesky,followedbyadeafeningsound,andthe

picturesonTVdisappearedwiththatsound.BeforeIrealizedwhathadhappened,agray­

whiteshadowrushedinthroughtheopenwindowandflewovermyhead.Bang!Ithitthe

wallandslidofftothefloor.Shakingwithfear,Iapproacheditcautiouslyandsawthatitwas

apigeon.Itlookedatmeinfear,tryingtoopenitswingsandstrugglingitsfeet,but

apparentlypowerless.

SoIcalledmygrandpaandimmediatelysetouttogiveitahelpinghand.Takingitinmy

hands,Ifeltafewdropsofwarmthonmyhands.Itwasblood!Igentlyspreaditswingsand

therewereafewredfeathersinside."Don'tworry.Wellgetitoutalive,"Grandpasaidtome.

Thenhegotthefirst-aidkit.Withsomecotton,wedriedtheblood,cleanedthewoundand

thenputitunderahairdryertodry.Allwentsmoothly,forthepigeonhadnostrengthleftto

resist.Therehappenedtobeanemptybirdcageathome,soIputitingentlyandaddedalittle

waterandsomegrains.

Forthenextfewdays,themomentIgothomefromschool,Iwouldruntofeedthepigeon.

AndGrandpahelpedalot,tidyingupthecagedaily.Littlebylittle,itsstrengthreturned.One

evening,IfeditwiththebiscuitIwaseating.Itenjoyedit!Oneweeklater,itswoundalmost

healed（痊愈）；itsfeathersgrewanditbecamebrave.WheneverIsatatthetableeating

biscuits,itlookedupatme,cooing（咕咕地叫）constantly.Tomyjoy,Icouldalsoreachinto

thecagetotouchit.WhenIgentlyfingereditshead,itplayfullypecked（啄）atme.Finallyit

completelyrecovered.ButeverytimeIwaswithit,itseemedrestlessinthecage.Tomakeit

happyandpretty,Itiedanorangestring（线）arounditsleg.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。

Oneday,however,whenIreturnedhome,Grandpametmeatthedoor,looking

embarrassed.

Sureenough,Isawapigeonflyingintothehousethenextafternoon!

参考答案

1.答案：c

解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Alongtheway,weendedupcreatingoneofthe

mosthatedtoolsintheadvertiser'stoolkit:thepop-upad（在这个过程中，我们最终创造了

广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告）”以及最后一段中“Companiessawhis

inventionasawaytosavemoney,doingawaywithindividualofficesandreplacingthem

withopenplansandcubicles.（公司把他的发明看作是一种省钱的方法，它废除了个人办

公室，用开放式的隔间和小隔间取而代之）”可知，弹出式广告和办公隔间发明的初衷

是对公司有利。故选C。

2.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“"HadIknownthattheGermanswouldnotsucceedin

producinganatomicbomb,^^hesaid,“Iwouldhaveneverliftedafinger."。'如果我知道德国

人造不出原子弹，“他说，“我绝不会动一根手指头。"）"；第三段中“Alongtheway,we

endedupcreatingoneofthemosthatedtoolsintheadvertiser'stoolkit:thepop-upad（在这

个过程中，我们最终创造了广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告）”以及最后

一段中'"'Thecubiclizingofpeopleinmodemcorporationsisextremelymadandstupid,5,he

said.（他说：“在现代公司里，把人关在格子间里是非常疯狂和愚蠢的。”厂可知，这三

项发明的共同点是他们的发明者对他们的发明感到后悔。故选A。

3.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Mostofushavedreamedofbeingagreatinventorto

createsomethinggreat.However,justbecausesomeone'sinventedsomething,itdoesn't

meanthatthey'rehappywiththeendresult.（我们大多数人都梦想成为一个伟大的发明

家，创造出伟大的东西。然而，仅仅因为有人发明了某样东西，并不意味着他们对最

终结果感到满意）”结合文章介绍的都是发明及发明背后的故事，可推知，文章可能选

自杂志的“科技”部分。故选D。

4.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句"...buttheyclearedupwithinanhour."（但他们在

一小时内就消去了。）和第三句"WhenHarry'smotherLisagothimtothedoctor,therewas

nothingtosee.”（当Harry的母亲丽莎带他去看医生时，什么也看不见了。）可推知，

Harry身上的肿块消失得很快，妈妈带他去看医生的时候已经消了，无法诊断，所以一

开始问题没有得到解决。故选C项。

5.答案：B

解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段”...AtsixmonthsHarrywasdiagnosedwithseveralfood

allergies,whichdoctorsthoughtmighthavecausedthebumps.ButHarrycontinuedtogetthe

bumpsevenaftershunningthosefbods."（…六个月大时，Harry被诊断出患有几种食物过

敏，医生认为这可能是导致肿块的原因。但即使在shunning那些食物后，哈利还是会

继续感到不适。）可知，六个月的时候Harry被诊断出几种食物过敏，这可能导致了身

上的肿块。But表示转折，所以此处指即使“避免”接触这些食物，他身上还是会长这些

肿块。故选B项。

6.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句"Fromnewbornbabiestotheoldarelikelyto

sufferfromit.”（从新生儿到老年人都可能遭受这种疾病。）可知，从新生儿到老年人都

可能得尊麻疹。故选A项。

7.答案：D

解析：主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，作者主要是讲述小男孩Harry患尊麻疹和寻

医救治的经历。所以D项Alittleboysufferingfromaterribleskinallergy（一个患有严重

皮肤过敏的小男孩）符合文意。故选D项。

8.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的"Everyterm,one（ifnotmore）studenttellsmehow

takingthiscoursehasaffectedhim/her:stIusedtojustreadarticlesandbelievewhattheysaid,

butnowIfindmyselfasking'Isthistrue?Howdotheyknow?Isthisawelldesigned

study?，”（每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影

响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问'这是真的吗？他

们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’）”和第三段中的“Inordertoresistthe

distortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,aswellasbeabletopresenta

persuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgement

carefully.（为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论

点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断）”可知，第一段学生说的话表

明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三

段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课

上学到的。故选A项。

9.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的"Byteachingouryoungmenandwomentoread,we

haveleftthematthemercyoftheprintedwords.Bytheinventionofthefilmandtheradio,

wehavemadecertainthatnodislikeforreadingshallprotectthemfromtheconstantbattery

ofwords,words,words.Theydonotknowwhatthewordsmean:theyarevictimstowords

intheiremotionsinsteadofbeingthemastersofthemintheirintelligence.（通过教我们的年

轻男女阅读，我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经

确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文

字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人）”可知，Sayers

认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未

成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。

10.答案：D

解析：词句猜测题。由第二段中的"Bytheinventionofthefilmandtheradio,wehave

madecertainthatnodislikeforreadingshallprotectthemfromtheconstantbatteryofwords,

words,words.Theydonotknowwhatthewordsmean:theyarevictimstowordsintheir

emotionsinsteadofbeingthemastersofthemintheirintelligence.（通过电影和收音机的发

明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。

他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主

人）”和第三段中的“Inordertoresistthedistortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedin

themedia,aswellasbeabletopresentapersuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,

andthinkandgiveajudgementcarefully.（为了抵制媒体不断用distortions轰炸我们，并

且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判

断）”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议

人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了

“误导性信息（Misleadinginformation）”,因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，

distortions意为"Misleadinginformation”。故选D项。

11.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的"Everyterm,one（ifnotmore）studenttellsmehow

takingthiscoursehasaffectedhim/her:"Iusedtojustreadarticlesandbelievewhattheysaid,

butnowIfindmyselfasking'Isthistrue?Howdotheyknow?Isthisawelldesigned

study?，”（每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影

响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问'这是真的吗？他

们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’）”和第三段中的“Inordertoresistthe

distortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,aswellasbeabletopresenta

persuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgement

carefully.（为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论

点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断）”可知，第一段学生说的话表

明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三

段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思

考，再结合最后一段中的"However,bytheendofthecourse,theyareexcitedabouttheir

newlyobtainedabilities.（然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋）”呼应第

一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思

考。故选C项。

12.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theretinaoffersaunique,accessiblettwindow^^to

evaluateunderlyingpathological（病理的）processesofsomeseriousdiseasesthatare

associatedwithincreasedrisksofdeath.（视网膜提供了一个独特的、可访问的‘窗口'来

评估一些与死亡风险增加相关的严重疾病的潜在病理过程）”可知，视网膜可以暗示死

亡风险。故选B。

13.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的"Inthenewstudy,theresearchersturnedtoadeep­

learningtechniquethatcouldpredictaperson'sriskofdeathbyanalyzingthebiologicalage

oftheretina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过

分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”和第三段的“Theirdeep-learning

model,atypeofmachinelearningandartificialintelligencethafsmodeledtolearnsimilarto

ahumanbrain,analyzedmorethan80.000imagesoffundus（眼底）（他们的深度学习模型

是一种机器学习和人工智能的模型，其学习方式类似于人脑。该模型分析了超过

80000张眼底图像）”可知，研究人员通过分析眼底图像来了解视网膜的年龄。故选

Do

14.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Theyfoundthat51percentoftheparticipantshad

a“retinalagegap”-thedifferencebetweenbiologicalandchronologicalage-ofmorethan3

years,28percenthadagapofmorethan5yearsand4.5percenthadagapofmorethan10

years.（他们发现，51%的参与者的“视网膜年龄差距”——生物年龄和时间年龄之间的

差异——超过3年，28%的参与者的差距超过5年，4.5%的参与者的差距超过