环境生态学（双语）智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年青岛科技大学、长江大学

环境生态学（双语）智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年青岛科技大学、长江大学VariousbiogeochemicalcyclesareindependentandNOTlinked.()

答案:错ThecyclingpathwaysofcarbonandphosphorusARETHESAMEintemperatelakes.()

答案:错Thereisacyclicalriseandfallinboththepredatorandpreypopulationswithtime()

答案:对Primarysuccessionoccursafterdisturbance()

答案:错BicarbonateandCO2areinequilibriumandbicarbonatereplenishesdissolvedCO2asitisRELEASEDbyplants.()

答案:错ConsumerscanNOTlimitresourcepopulations.()

答案:错CarbonbudgetofEarthisNOTlinkedtoatmosphere,landandoceanandmassmovementaroundplanet.()

答案:错LatentheatisenergyabsorbedBUTNOTRELEASEDinthetransformationofwaterfromonestatetoanother.()

答案:错Temperature-inducedchangesinwaterdensitydriveseasonalcyclesintemperatelakes，insummer,lessdensewaterfloatstothesurfacewhereiceforms.()

答案:错ThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodelisLokta-VolterraModel.()

答案:对TheunitofGlobalnitrogencycleis10^10gNyr-1()

答案:错SuccessionDONOTbecomeself-limitingasitapproachestheclimax()

答案:错Thechangeinpredatorandpreypopulationstogetherfollowsaclosedcyclethatcombinestheindividualchangesinthepredatorandpreypopulation,calledjointpopulationtrajectory.()

答案:对PhotosynthesisbeginswithDARKreactionsandcontinueswiththeLIGHTreactions.()

答案:错MicroclimatesdefinestheLARGEscaleconditionsinwhichorganismslive.()

答案:错Purposeoflifetableistoprovideaclearandsystematicpictureofmortalityandsurvivalwithinapopulation,andcanNOTbeusedtosimulatepopulationsizechange.()

答案:错Only1%–20%ofassimilatedenergypassesbetweentrophiclevels()

答案:错PopulationsizeisregulatedONLYbydensitydependentfactors.()

答案:错Assimilationefficienciesvarylittleamongendothermsandectotherms.()

答案:错Someanimalsusemanyphysiologicalmeansforthermalbalance.()

答案:错ThenumberoftrophiclevelsDECREASEDwithspeciesrichness()

答案:错IonexchangecapacityisthetotalnumberofPOSITIVEchargedsitesonsoilparticlesinastandardvolumeofsoil.()

答案:错Residencetimedeterminehowmuchenergyassimilatedbyplantsreachhighleveloftropiclevels.()

答案:错AgestructureDOESNOTinfluencepopulationgrowthrate.()

答案:错Manyfactors(light,temperature,water,andnutrients)arerelatedwithprimaryproduction()

答案:对Populationecologydealswithexchangesofenergyandmatterbetweenecosystemandenvironmentandamongcomponentswithintheecosystem()

答案:错Phosphorusdoesnotentertheatmosphereinanyformotherthandust,soMUCHphosphoruscyclesbetweentheatmosphereandothercompartmentsofecosystems()

答案:错Longitudinallshiftingofthesun’szenithcausesseasonalvariationinprecipitation.()

答案:错SupercompetitorcanpersistBOTHatHIGHERandLowerresourcelevels.()

答案:对NitrogenassumesONLYONEoxidationstateinitscyclingthroughecosystems()

答案:错Patternsofproductivityreflectglobalpatternsoftemperatureandprecipitation.LOWNPPisinequatorialzoneandcoastalregion.()

答案:错FireisNOTanimportantfeatureofmanyclimaxcommunities,favoringfire-resistantspeciesandexcludingspeciesthatwouldotherwisedominate.()

答案:错Individualecologyisthestudyofhowgroupsofindividuals(belongingtothesamespecies)grow(orshrink)andreproduce.Dependingonthenatureofthespecies,manyfactors(foodavailability,competition,predationetc)mayaffectpopulationgrowth.()

答案:错CommunitystructureDOESNOTchangethroughtime.()

答案:错Suppose,forexample,speciesAcanonlygerminateunderspeciesB,BonlyunderC,andConlyunderA.TherelationshipscreatearegularcycleofspeciesdominanceintheorderofA,C,B,A,C,B,A,…,inwhichthelengthofeachstageisdeterminedbythelifespanofthedominantspecies.itiscalledtransientclimaxes()

答案:错Facilitation,inhibition,andinvasivespeciesareNOTthespeciesinaecosystem()

答案:错Asurprisingpredictionofthemodelisthatincreaseinrofpreygrowthleadstoanincreaseinpredatorpopulation,nottheprey.()

答案:对InthehydrologicCycle,therearePPT,Runoff,Groundwaterrecharge,interception,infiltrationand()

答案:Evaporation###TranspirationGlobalEnvironmentalIssuesincludesGlobalWarming,Deforestationand()

答案:Extremeheatwave###ForestationAssumeapopulation,att=0,populationsizeisN(0),ratioofpopulationsizechangeinoneyeartothesizeoftheproceedingyearisa,thisismightbe().()

答案:Exponentialgrowthmodel###GeometricgrowthmodelRateatwhichlightenergyisconvertedbyphotosynthesistoorganiccomponentsisreferredtoasprimaryproductivity，including()

答案:Grossprimaryproductivity###NetprimaryproductivityIn(),Asresourcesaredepleted,populationgrowthratedoesnotslow()

答案:Geometricgrowthmodel###ExponentialgrowthmodelEnergytransformationsandelementcyclingareintimatelylinked,itincludeAssimilatoiryprocess,and()

答案:DissimilatoryprocessIrregularandunpredictableclimatechangesdonotinclude()

答案:GlobalwarmingThereareMANYtypesoflifetablesincludingstablelifetableand()

答案:DynamiclifetablePhosphoruscyclehasnoatmosphericpool.()

答案:对Dissimilatoryprocessisthetransformationoforganicformofelementsbacktoinorganicform,suchasrespiration.()

答案:对Sulfurexistsinmanyoxidizedandreducedformscycle.()

答案:对Sulfurcycleisbothsedimentaryandgaseous.()

答案:对Assimilatoiryprocessisthetransformationofinorganicformsofelementsintothemoleculesoforganisms,suchasphotosynthesis.()

答案:对Ecosystemhave()majorfoodchains().

答案:TwoOnly5%–20%ofassimilatedenergypassesbetweentrophiclevels.()

答案:对Photosyntheticefficiencyisthepercentageoftheenergyinsunlightthatisconvertedtonetprimaryproductionduringthegrowingseason.()

答案:对Standingcropbiomassisamountofaccumulatedorganicmatterinanareaatagiventime.()

答案:对Bioticcommunityandabioticenvironmentfunctioningasasystem.Includesorganism-complexandwholecomplexofphysicalfactorsiscalledecosystem.()

答案:对Ratioofcarbonfixed(photosynthesis)perunitofwaterlost(transpiration)iscalledWaterUseEfficiency.()

答案:对Theratioofdrymatterproductiontotheassimilationofaparticularnutrientelement,usuallyexpressedasgramspergramiscalledNutrientuseefficiency(NUE).()

答案:对Successionisaseriesofchangesleadingtoastableclimax,whosecharacterisdeterminedbylocalenvironment.Onceestablished,abeech-mapleforestperpetuatesitself,anditsgeneralappearancechangeslittledespiteconstantreplacementofindividualswithinthecommunity.()

答案:对Monoclimaxhypothesisviewcommunityasahighlyintegratedsuperorganism,theprocessofsuccessionrepresentsgradualandprogressivedevelopmentofcommunitytoultimateorclimaxstage.()

答案:对Successionbecomesself-limitingasitapproachestheclimax.()

答案:对Primarysuccessionoccursonnewlyexposedsubstrates.()

答案:对Theprocessofgradualand(seemingly)directionalchangeinthestructuralofthecommunitythroughtimeiscalledSuccession.()

答案:对Aspeciesthathasadisproportionate不成比例impactonthecommunityrelativetoitsabundanceiscalledKeystonespecies.（）

答案:对Energyflowwebmeansconnectionsbetweenspeciesarequantifiedbythefluxofenergybetweenaresourceanditsconsumer.()

答案:对PlaceswheremanyspeciesreachtheedgesoftheirdistributionsiscalledEcotons.（）

答案:对Connectednesswebemphasizefeedingrelationshipsamongspecies,portrayed描绘aslinksinfoodweb.()

答案:对Theindirecteffectsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsextendthroughadditionaltrophiclevelsofacommunityiscalledTrophiccascade.（）

答案:对Relativeabundancemeanscountingallindividualsofeachspeciesinanumberofsampleplotswithinacommunityanddeterminingwhatpercentageeachcontributestothetotalnumberofindividualofallspecies.()

答案:对Agroupofspeciesthatcoexistinaspaceandtimeandinteractwithoneanotherdirectlyorindirectlyiscalledcommunity.（）

答案:对Functionalwebmeansinfluenceonthegrowthrateofotherspeciespopulation.()

答案:对Speciesrichnessmeansnumberofspecieswithinthecommunity.()

答案:对Thechangeinpredatorandpreypopulationstogetherfollowsaclosedcyclethatcombinestheindividualchangesinthepredatorandpreypopulation,itiscalledjointpopulationtrajectory.（）

答案:对Consumer-ResourcesystemcanhaveONLYonestablestate.()

答案:错Thereisacyclicalriseandfallinboththepredatorandpreypopulationswithtime.（）

答案:对FactorscanINCREASEoscillationofpredator-preymodels.（）

答案:错Manypredatorandpreypopulationsincreaseanddecreaseinregularcycles.（）

答案:对Lotka-VolterramodelcanNOTbestabilizedbypredatorsatiation.（）

答案:错Anincreaseinthebirthrateofpreyincreasesthepredatorpopulation,butnothepreypopulation.（）

答案:对Pathogen-hostdynamicscanbedescribedbyS-I-Rmodel.（）

答案:对Asurprisingpredictionofthepradationmodelisthatincreaseinrofpreygrowthleadstoanincreaseinpredatorpopulation,nottheprey.（）

答案:对Consumer-Resourcesystemcanhavetwoormorestablestates.（）

答案:错Eachspeciesinhibitsitsownpopulationgrowthmorethancompetitor.Neithercaneliminatecompetitor,itiscoexistence.（）

答案:对Interspecificcompetitionreducestheequilibriumlevelofapopulationbelowthecarryingcapacity.()

答案:对PopulationsarelimitedbythesingleresourcethatismostscarcerelativetodemandiscalledLiebig'slawofminimum.（）

答案:对Thereare（）possibleoutcomesofinterspecificcompetition.()

答案:fourThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodel(Lokta-VolterraModel).（）

答案:对AsymmetriccompetitioncanNOToccurwhendifferentfactorslimitthepopulationsofcompetitors.（）

答案:错Unstablesituation,bothinhibitinadensitydependentmanner.Dependingoninitialdensity,eithercanmakeotherextinct，competitioncangoeitherway.（）

答案:对Lokta-VolterraModelisderivedfromlogisticgrowthequationandaddinfluenceofanotherspecies(acompetitioncomponent.（）

答案:对SpaceisNon-renewableresource.（）

答案:对ThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodeliscalledLokta-VolterraModel.（）

答案:对Twoconsumerssharethesameresource,eachreducestheavailabilityofresourcesoftheother.Itiscalledcompetition.（）

答案:对Dynamicsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsreflectmutualevolutionaryresponses.()

答案:对InteractionsbenefitbothspeciesisMutualism.()

答案:对Benefitone,butdonoharmonanotheriscommensalism.（）

答案:对Arelationshipoftwoorganismslivingtogether(symbiosis)andonederivesitsnourishmentattheexpenseoftheotheriscalledParasitism.（）

答案:对IntrinsicrateofincreasecanNOTbeestimatedfromthelifetable.（）

答案:对Birthrateandsurvivorshipdeterminenetreproductiverate.()

答案:对Thepurposeoflifetableistoprovideaclearandsystematicpictureofmortalityandsurvivalwithinapopulation.Canalsobeusedtosimulatepopulationsizechange.（）

答案:对Assumeapopulation,att=0,populationsizeisN(0),ratioofpopulationsizechangeinoneyeartothesizeoftheproceedingyear.Thismodelis().

答案:geometricgrowthmodelThenumberofindividualsofapopulationtheenvironm