关系代词引导的定语从句

主讲教师：夏美莲

英语语法EnglishGrammar娄底职业技术学院LoudiVocationalandTechnicalCollege应用英语专业资源库ResourceLibraryofAppliedEnglish关系代词引导的定语从句

定义在句中起定语作用、修饰某一名词或代词或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系词引出。引导定语从句的关系词可分为：

关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that等

关系副词：when,where,why等关系词既起着联系从句与主句的作用，又代替先行词在从句中担任一定的语法成分，如主语、宾语、定语和状语等。例如：

Thedoctor

whomyouarelookingforisintheroom.先行词定语从句在该句中,thedoctor是先行词，关系代词whom引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任宾语。Thisisthehouse

wherehelivedlastyear.先行词定语从句在该句中,thehouse是先行词，关系副词where引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任地点状语。

关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词可以代替先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中起主语、宾语、定语等作用。如下表所示：关系词代替功能在从句中的作用例句who代替人主语Thepeoplewhocalledyesterdaywanttobuythehouse.表语Sheisnolongerthegirlwhosheusedtobe.whom代替人动词宾语SheisthestudentwhomProfessorSupraisedatthemeeting.介词宾语Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.whose(=ofwhom/which)代替人从句中某名词的定语Themanwhosewallethadbeenstolenimmediatelyreportedthetheft.代替物Shelivesintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.关系词代替功能在从句中的作用例句that代替人主语ThewomanthatisspeakingatthemeetingismyEnglishteacher.宾语HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.表语Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasinherchildhood.代替物主语Thetrainthathasjustleft

isforBeijing.宾语TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.表语Myhometownisnotapollutedplacethatyouthinkittobe.which代替物主语Ahousewhichoverlookstheparkwillcostmore.宾语Thetelevisionwhichshewantedtobuywassoldout.表语Shewasfondofsinging,whichherbrotherneverwas.【注意】(1)用who代替whom在从句中作宾语，主要用于口语。(2)在口语中，that,who,whom,which在从句中作动词宾语时，常常省去。例如：Thegirl(whom)Imentionedishisdaughter.Thisisthebook(which)youwant.(3)当关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时，不可用that，只能用whom或which。但是当介词位于定语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词则仍可用that，也可省去。关系代词whom和which作介词的宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前，也可以放在定语从句中的动词之后，如果介词放在whom或which之前，则whom和which不可省，如果介词放在定语从句的动词之后，则whom和which可以省去；在含有介词的动词固定词组中，其介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.Thisisthehouse(which/that)welivedinlastyear.ShewastheonlypersonthatIcouldtalkto.(4)在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句：①先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,none等。例如：Allthatwehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.Thejournalreportseverythingthathappensinthearea.②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.③先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰。例如：Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。例如：SheisthelastpersonthatIwanttotalkto.ThisistheonlythingthatIcandoforyou.⑤先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物时。例如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.Theoldmanandthecowsthatwesawjustnowhavegone.⑥如果有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用which,则另一个用that。例如：Thecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathaveneverbeenseenbefore.⑦主句以therebe开头。例如：Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearenolongerthementhattheyusedtobe.(5)关系代词引导的定语从句举例Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwon’tpasstheexam.Sheisasingerwhomeveryoneloves.Thebookwhosecoverisredismine.DoyouknowthegirlwhosenameisLiYing?T