高一下学期开学考试英语

20232024学年高一下学期开学检测试题英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡的相应位置上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.1.Whatdoesthewomanfindsurprising?A.Themandoesnothaveanairconditioner.B.Themanhasnotbeenusinghisairconditioner.C.Thesummerhasbeenunusuallyhot.2.Whywillthemancallthewoman?A.Toaskheraboutthehomework.B.Totalktoherroommate.C.Togivehersomeinformation.3.WhatclotheswillthemanprobablywearforJane’swedding?A.Hisoldsuit. B.Hisnewsuit. C.Heisnotsure.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisstillthinking. B.Shehasfinishedordering. C.Sheisguessing.5.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.AskAliceifthemancanborrowthenovel.B.ReturnthenoveltoAliceimmediately.C.Helpthemantofindacopyinthebookstore.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.WheredoesthemanusuallywatchtheTVshows?A.OnTV. B.Onhisputer. C.Onhisphone.7.WhatdoesthemanusuallywatchontheInternet?A.Shortvideos. B.Dramaseries. C.Newsprograms.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Whatdoesthewomanplantodotoday?A.Gocamping. B.VisitLinda. C.Finishherreport.9.Whenwillthemangointotown?A.OnFriday. B.OnSaturday. C.OnSunday.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.WhoisKeke?A.Theman’sfriend. B.AnEnglishteacher. C.Acuteparrot.11.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Shopping. B.Talkingaboutparrots. C.LearningEnglish12.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodointheend?A.Toplaychesswithhim.B.ToteachKekeEnglish.C.Tocontinuereadingherbook.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Howisthemanfeeling?A.Sorryandregretful. B.Understandingbutsad. C.Concernedandangry.14.WhendidElizabethgethometoday?A.At10:00p.m. B.At10:45p.m. C.At11:00p.m.15.WhywasElizabethlate?A.Shewasstuckintraffic. B.Shegotinanaccident. C.Sheforgotaboutthetime.16.Whatdidthemandecide?A.Elizabethcannotuseherphoneforaweek.B.Elizabethcannotseeherfriendsforaweek.C.Elizabethhastoehomeearlyforaweek.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Howdidthespeakergotoschool?A.Bybike. B.Onfoot. C.Bybus.18.Whendidtherainbegin?A.Beforehelefthome. B.Afterhearrivedatschool. C.Whenschoolwasover.19.Howlongdidtherainlast?A.Severalminutes. B.Halfanhour. C.Threehours.20.Howdoesthespeakerfeelaftertherain?A.fortable. B.Annoyed. C.Frightened.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AScienceBooksforKidsofAllAgesTohelpyouchoosetheperfecteducationalbooksforyourchild,we’vecreatedthishandpickedlistofthebestsciencebooksforkids.Thetitlesfeaturedheresparkcuriosity,encouragelearning,andarelotsoffun,too.AboutTime:AFirstLookatTimeandClocksAuthor:BruceKoscielniak;Price:US$8.55Longagopeopleusedthesun,themoon,andthewatertotelltime.Soonafterwebeganusingourknowledgeaboutthenaturalworldtobuildclocksandtocreatecalendarsmadeupofmonthsandyears.Centurieslater,wehaveclocksandcalendarsallaroundus.Thisbooktellstheamazingstoryofhowitallhappened!Animalium:WeletotheMuseumAuthor:KatieScott;Price:US$8.99Thisbookopensthedoorsofthenaturalhistorymuseumforyourchildallyearround!Itfeatures200fullcolorspecimens(样本)acpaniedbylively,informativetextandmore.Discovertheanimalkingdomingloriousdetailwithuniqueillustrationsthatbinescienceandart.Bang!:HowWeCametoBeAuthor:MichaelRubino;Price:US$16.00“Bang!Andthatwasit,thebeginningofeverything.”Sobeginsthisbeautifullyillustratedstoryofevolution.Thisbookconveysnotonlythefactsbutalsotheexcitementofthescientificexplanationofourworld,fromtheoriginoftheuniversetothepresentrealityofourplanet.BedtimeMath:TheTruthesOutAuthor:LauraOverdeck;Price:US$10.99Thisbookmakeslearningaboutmathasfunasdessertafterdinner!Itbinesmathandcoolfactsforonefunandwildadventure.Nowkidscandiscoverthesciencebehindalltheirfavoritethings:marshmallows,soda,icecream,andmore.Withover100mathproblemsonavarietyoftopics,kidswillfindmathisn’tjustfun—itcanbefoundeverywhere!21.WhatcankidslearninthebookAboutTime?A.Thetoughlifeofancestors. B.Theoriginofthesunandthemoon.C.Theoldwaystomeasuretime. D.Thewildlifeinthenaturalworld.22.WhatdoAnimaliumandBang!haveinmon?A.Theyarechildren’snovels. B.Theyarepopularforcheapprice.C.Theyarecollectedinthemuseum. D.Theyareillustratedstoriesforkids.23.Whichbookcanmakenumbersfunandeasy?A.Bang!. B.BedtimeMath. C.Animalium. D.AboutTime.B3MandDiscoveryEducationannouncedSeanJiangfromGilmanSchoolasoneofthetoptenfinalistsfromacrossthenationforthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge.It'sapetitionthatencouragesstudentstoidentifyaneverydayproblemandsubmitavideoshowingthesciencebehindthesolutionheorshecameupwith.14yearoldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan'tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating（导航）objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheadsuponobstacles（障碍）thatmaybeining.Jiang'sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem."Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation（回声定位）tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk,"saidJiang.Jiangstartedwithavirtualrealitysettingandthenmadeitareality.Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles'positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.Someothersimilarprogramswerealrightatfindingobjectsthatwereincloserange,butJiangstillwantedtheblindtoexperiencetheworldevenfullersotheywereabletoseestuffthatwasmuchfurtherawaythantheircircleofreach.InOctober,thetoptenfinalistswillpeteinpersoninMinneapolisforthetitleof"America'sTopYoungScientist"anda$25,000prize.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiangfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasthechampionofthe20233Mevent.B.Heinventedtechnologytoremoveroadobstacles.C.Hesoughttoassisttheblindinwalkingsmoothly.D.Hedevelopedanewnavigationappforhisschool.25.WhydidJiangmention"echolocation"?A.Toshowthedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Topresentthedifficultiestheblindface.C.Tostressthesignificanceofhearing.D.Toexplaintheinspirationofhisinvention.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dodge"meaninparagraph4?A.Avoid.B.Encounter.C.Challenge.D.Remove.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.3Mfacilitiesintendedfortheblind.B.Ateenusingsoundtohelptheblind.C.Aninventiontocurevisionproblems.D.Apetitiontoimprovetheblind'slife.CWhendeliveringmedicationstopatients,oneofthemosteffectivemethodsisdirectinjection（注射）intothebloodstreamusinganeedle.Butthiscanbeanunfortableexperience,especiallyforkidsoradultswithafearofneedles.Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead,drugscontaininglargemolecules（分子）arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.Now,inspiredbyoctopussuckers（章鱼吸盘）,researchersfromChinaandSwitzerlandhavedesignedaneedlefreealternative:atiny,drugfilled,cuplikepatch（贴片）thatstickstotheinsideofthecheeks.Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible,anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek,theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.Totestthedesign,theteam3Dprintedthesuckers.Theyloadedeachwiththedrugandstucktheminsidethecheeksofthreebeagles,akindofdogwhichhasasimilarinnercheekliningtohumans.Forparison,theyalsodeliveredthedrugtobeaglesviaapill.Afterthreehours,theteamfoundthatdrugbloodconcentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.40healthyhumanvolunteersselfappliedwaterfilledpatchestoseehowwelltheywouldstayonwhiletalkingandmovingtheirmouths.After30minutes,onlyfiveofthe40patcheshadfallenoff,whichwasbecauseofimproperplacement.Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.Still,theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.They'dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules,suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis,buttheycan'tbetoolargetofitinthecup.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthepatch?A.Tohelppatientsoverethefearofneedles.B.Toenablekidstoswallowtabletssmoothly.C.Toofferabetterwayofdrugdelivery.D.Toguaranteetheefficiencyoforalpills.29.Whatdoestheresearchondogsprove?A.Itistechnologicallypossibleto3Dprintthepatches.B.Thecheekliningofdogsissimilartothatofhumans.C.Patchesfalleasilywiththeirmouthmovement.D.Drugsareabsorbedbetterthroughpatchesthanpills.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethedevice?A.Innovativeandprofitable. B.Effectiveanduserfriendly.C.Affordableandaccessible. D.Flexibleandlonglasting.31.Whatdoesthelastparagraphstress?A.Therelatedissuestobesolved.B.Theriskofusingpatchesrepeatedly.C.Thewaytoidentitylargemolecules.D.Thetroubleofimprovingthetechnology.DYouseeashoppertripoverinabusystreet.Someoneelsecanhelp.That'swhatyoutellyourself.Thisisthebystandereffect（旁观者效应）inactionthedilution（淡化）ofresponsibilityinthepresenceofothersandithasbeendemonstratedinmanypaststudies.Butlifeisplicatedandpsychologistshaveseenexceptionalsituations.RecentlytwoexperimentswereconductedbyMarcovanBommelandhisteamusinganonlinechatroomforpeoplewithextremeemotionalproblems.Eightysixstudentswereloggedintotheforum（论坛）andshownfivemessagesfromtroubledusers.Theyweretoldtowriteareplyiftheywanted,butitwasentirelyuptothestudentsthemselves.Basically,participantscouldseetheirnamesonthescreenalongsideothers'names.Acounteralsotoldthemiftheforumwasquietwithjustoneotherpersonloggedin,orbusywith30othersonline.ThisarrangementreproducedtheclassicBystanderEffectparticipantswerelesslikelytopostreplieswithmorepeopleloggedin.However,whentheresearcherscued（提示）selfawarenessbyhighlightingparticipants'namesinredonthescreen,theypostedmorerepliesonabusyforum.Asecondstudywasbuiltonthesefindings,butthistimeselfawarenesswasraisedbythepresence,ornot,ofaputerwebcamera.Over100participantstookpart.ThenresearchersfoundthattheBystanderEffectwasreproducedwhenwebcameraswereabsentonbusyforumsparticipantspostedfewerrepliestoneedyusers.Onthecontrary,thosecuedtobeselfawarebythewebcameraactuallywrotemorereplies.Nearlyanyonlinemunitycanbenefitfromtheresearch.Theabilitytoturnhesitantbystandersintoeagerhelpersisarecipeforengagementandcollectivebenefit.Asintheresearch,simpledesigncuescouldbeintegratedtohelponlineusersremembertheyarevisibletothemunity.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph1referto?A.Thehiddendangerofabusystreet. B.Thebystandereffectinaction.C.Thedilutionofresponsibility. D.Thepresenceofotherpeople.33.Inthefirststudy,theparticipantspostedmorerepliestothetroubledwhenA.thereweremoreemotionalproblemsB.thecounterindicatedtheforumwasquietC.theirpresencewasremindedonthescreenD.moreindividualswereloggedintheforum34.Whyisthewebcamerausedinthesecondstudy?A.Toencouragemorereplies. B.Toreproducethebystandereffect.C.Tofurthertestparticipants'mindset. D.Tobetterrecordparticipants'actions.35.Whatstrategycanonlinemunitieslearnfromtheresearch?A.Workingtogethertoattractmoreusers.B.biningdesignstoboostusers'memory.C.Buildingmoreplatformsforpublicpromotion.D.Exploringwaystochangebystandersintoupstanders.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Forthepasttwomonths,MandyChen,asecondyearstudentatBeijingUniversityofTechnology,hasbeenpostingphotosofherselftoTaobao,posingwithareusablecup,climbingstairsandswitchingofflights.36Taobao'sAlalgorithm（算法）calculatesthatChen'suseofareusablecupreduced15.7gramsofcarbonemissions（排放）,whileherchoicetotakethestairsinsteadoftheliftresultedinareductionof19.5grams.37Aftersevendaysofpostingherphotos,ChenexchangedthepointsforadozenofbiodegradablerubbishbagsfromTaobao.Everyonecangetanendlesssupplyoffreetrashbagsiftheykeepgoing,accordingtoChen.38ChenusesCarbon88,aplatformlaunchedlastAugustbyAlibabaGroupHolding,tohelpthemorethan800millionusersonTaobaoadoptasustainablelifestyle.Theplatformrewardsusersforover70lowcarbonbehaviours.39Italsoremendsproductsthatitconsidersenvironmentallysustainable,andgivesuserspointsforbuyingthem.40"Ididn'tknowthatmyactionscouldproducesuchcarbonreduction,"Chensaid,"NowIfeelgoodforwhatI'mdoingtomakethisworldatinybitbetter.Weasapartofsocietycancallformoresystemicchanges."A.Itaimstoencouragethemtoreducetheircarbonfootprint.B.Andhereffortstosaveelectricityprevented65.50grams.C.It'savaluableadditiontocurrentcarbonreductionpolicies.D.Carbon88hashelpedincreaseChen'senvironmentalawareness.E.Withinminutes,shereceivesadozenpointsfromtheappasareward.F.Theyrangefromtakingpublictransporttoshoppingofsecondhanditems.G.Sheisnowsavingpointsforsomethingbetter,likesnacksandwaterbottles.第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HarryBurleighheadedintothewoodsforacampingtripwithhisfishingequipment.Afewdayslater,hiswifeStacygrew41whenhedidn'tehomeasplanned.Stacycalledthe42toreportherhusband'smissing.Searchandrescueteams43begantheirworkandwentonfordays,buttherewasno44ofHarryanywhere.Everyonewasworriedthetemperatureswerequitelowsomenights,andithadevensnowed.OnMay15,therescuersfinallycaughtabreakwhenthey45ashelterandhisfishingequipment.They46supportfromover16rescueorganizations,andtheyexploredeverypossible47butwithnoluck.Therefore,therescuers48himalighterandanotetellinghimtomakea49andtheywouldbeback.Twodayslater,ateamfoundanother50,butthistime,Harrywasnearbyandheardhisnamecalled!Itturnedouthewas51alongthepathwithminorpain.52,thecrewradioedforahelicoptertotakehimtothehospitalforapleteevaluationafterspending17longdaysout."Thiswasthe53weallhavebeenlookingforinthiscase,"arescuersaid."Itisour54searchandrescueteamsandthepartnershipswehavewithotherteamsthathelped55Mr.Burleighandhisfamily."41. A.excited B.concerned C.annoyed D.puzzled42. A.authorities B.hospital C.agencies D.family43. A.hesitantly B.immediately C.secretly D.suddenly44. A.news B.hope C.sign D.wonder45. A.spotted B.offered C.sought D.constructed46. A.turneddown B.dependedon C.calledin D.cutoff47. A.equipment B.break C.food D.path48. A.bought B.left C.presented D.fetched49. A.fire B.bed C.video D.face50. A.river B.chance C.team D.shelter51. A.hunting B.exploring C.walking D.marching52. A.Amused B.Awkward C.Upset D.Relieved53. A.cause B.oute C.award D.evaluation54. A.determined B.tolerant C.disciplined D.flexible55. A.affect B.instruct C.encourage D.reunite第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xi'an,capitalcityofShaanxi,servedasthecapitalof13dynastiesinChinesehistory,whichintotal56（last）about1,100years.Consequently,theancienthistoryofShaanxiistosomedegreetheancienthistoryofChina.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumconsiders57adutytobeashowcaseofChineseancientcivilization.PeoplecallShaanxiHistoryMuseum"BrightPearlinAncientCapitalandPreciousTreasureofChina",foritisanartpalace58（full）showingShaanxihistoryandcultureaswellasChineseancientcivilization.ItsarchitecturalbuildingsandexhibitshavemadeitfamousasafirstclassmuseuminChina59itwasopenedtothepublicin1991.Itcovers60totalareaof65,000squaremeters.Thebasichallsinthemuseumaredividedintothreeexhibitionhalls612,000culturalremainstodisplaythehistoryofancienttimesinchronological（编年的）order.Thefirstexhibitionhall62（locate）onthegroundfloorwhiletheothertwoareonthesecondfloor.While63（design）thebuildingsinShaanxiHistoryMuseum,thegreatdesignerused64（tradition）palaceconstructionofTangDynastyforreference.Adoptingsymmetryaxis（轴对称）layoutwithmainandsupportingbuildingsinorder,theplex65（architecture）showtheuniquepresenceofTangDynasty.第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）你校英文报正在开展以Students'TimeSpentonPhysicalExerciseWeekly为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿,内容包括：1.描述调查结果；2.分析其原因并给出建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。Students'TimeSpentonPhysicalExerciseWeeklyNowadays,manystudentsareawareofthesignificanceofphysicalexercise,althoughthetimetheyspendonitvaries.第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。SavingtheDaisiesTayloraged14openedhersleepyeyesandlookedoutthewindowbelow."NO!"shecried,nowfullyawake.ButtermilkthecowwasinMama'sdaisy（雏菊）garden."Imusthaveforgottentoclosethegatelastnight,"Taylorthoughtasshepulledasweatshirtoverherhead.Mamawasplanningtosellthedaisiesatthefairnextweek.ButButtermilkwaseatingtheflowers.Taylorhurriedoutsideandgrabbedarope."Whycan'tyoustayinthefield?"shecalledtoButtermilkassheheadedacrosstheyardtothedaisygarden.Buttermilkstoodbitingthetenderflowers."WhenIgrowup,I'llbeanartistandpaintpicturesallday,"Taylorthought."I'llnotownacow.Toomuchtrouble."Taylorwasfondofpaintingsincethedayshehadmemory.Shewouldliketohelpwithfamilybutshelovedseeingbirdsandflowersaliveunderherbrushmore.JustasTaylorwasabouttothrowtheropeontoButtermilk'scollar,thefamilydogbarked.Buttermilkcouldn'tstanditandtookoff,tearingthroughthedaisies.Itfinallyranthroughtheopengateandintothefieldoutside."Thankgoodness!"Taylorsaidassheclosedthegateandsecuredthelock.Butassheturnedtolookattheflowergarden,mostofthedaisieswereeithereatenorleftinpieces.MamaandDadcameoutofthehouse."What'sgoingon?"Mamaasked.Shelookedsadlyathergarden."Iforgottoclosethegate,"Taylorsaid."I'msosorry.""Iknowyouare."MamasighedandgaveTaylorahug.Taylor'sheartwasheavyasshewentbackintothehouse.Mamahadpreparedmuchforthefairbutnowhalfofhereffortswereinvain.Taylordecidedtothinkofawaytomakeituptohermother.TheproblemtaskedTaylor'smind.Couldsheplantotherflowersinaweek?Notenoughtime.Couldshemakeuseofthedaisiesinpieces?Notenoughmagic.Taylorfoundnowayout.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Suddenly,Taylornoticedadaisypaintinginthehouseandanideajumpedin.________________________________________________________________Aweeklater,whenherparentswereloadingthecar,Taylorbroughtherpaintingsdownstairs.________________________________