2021-2022江西中考英语复习课件 6.专题五 介词45

专题五

介词命题点1介词的用法与辨析命题点2介词短语和介词的固定搭配命题点1介词的用法与辨析（10年7考；完形填空A、完形填空B）

中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，介词的用法与辨析主要在完形填空A和完形填空B中考查，具体考查情况如下：

解题技巧：解答此类试题的关键是掌握常见介词的含义及用法。常见介词的含义及用法如下：介词含义及用法示例/例句on在。用在具体的某天或某天的上午、下午、晚上或节日前。on

Tuesday在星期二

on

September

1st在九月一日

on

a

cold

morning在一个寒冷的早晨in在。后接较长的一段时间（如世纪、年份、季节、月份等）。in

the

21st

century在21世纪

in

2009在2009年

in

summer在夏季

in

July在七月在。用在泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。in

the

morning/afternoon/evening

在上午/下午/晚上在……后。in

an

hour在一小时后

in

two

days两天之后at在。用在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。at

7：00在七点

at

noon在正午at

midnight在午夜►时间介词介词含义及用法示例/例句after在……之后。He’ll

come

back

after

two

o’clock.他将在两点后回来。before在……之前。before

Christmas

在圣诞节前since“since+时间点/since+一段时间+ago”意为“自……以来”，表示从过去某个时间点直至现在，主句用现在完成时或过去完成时。I

have

been

here

since

1989.

自从1989年我就在这里。

She

has

lived

in

this

city

since

five

years

ago.

自从五年前她就生活在这座城市。续表介词含义及用法示例/例句for“for+时间段”表示动作延续一段时间，主句常用现在完成时或过去完成时。I

have

studied

in

the

school

for

2

years.

我在这所学校已经读了两年书了。by不迟于某时，包括某时在内。I

will

finish

the

work

by

Friday.

最晚星期五，我会完成这项工作。from从……开始。常和表示时间的介词to（到……，至……）连用。from

Monday

to

Sunday

从周一到周日until/

till直到……，到……为止。后常接时间点。My

mother

didn’t

get

home

until

9:00

p.m.

直到晚上九点我妈妈才到家。续表►方位介词（短语）介词（短语）含义及用法示例/例句outside在……外面。You

can

park

your

car

outside

our

house.

你可以把汽车停在我们房子外面。inside在……里面。Inside

the

box

is

a

gold

watch.盒子里装着一只金表。at在。用于较小的地方（如：建筑物、公共机关、机场、街道等）前。She

works

at

the

post

office.

她在邮局工作。介词（短语）含义及用法示例/例句on在……表面上（接触物体表面）。There

is

a

book

on

the

desk.

书桌上有一本书。在。在广阔的平面上。on

the

lake

在湖面上在。两地不在同一范围内，但接壤。The

country

is

on

the

south

of

China.

这个国家在中国的南边。in在……里面。Xiaoming

is

in

the

room

now.

小明现在在房间里。续表介词（短语）含义及用法示例/例句in在。某一小地点在另一大地点之内。Japan

lies

in

the

east

of

Asia.

日本在亚洲东部。在。用于较大的地方（如：国家、城市、乡镇、水域等）前。in

the

US在美国in

Lijiang在丽江to到；去；向；朝。有一定的方向性。I

went

to

the

park

this

morning.

我今天早上去了公园。在。表示在某一地域之外且不接壤。Japan

lies

to

the

east

of

China.

日本在中国的东边。续表介词

（短语）含义及用法示例/例句towards向……方向。指方向，不包含到达目的地概念。（2021.51）John

drove

towards

Shanghai.约翰开车往上海方向去。into到……里面；进入。Come

into

the

house.到屋里来。behind在……后面。There

is

a

cat

behind

the

door.

门后面有一只猫。in

front

of在……的前面（外部）。I

saw

a

garden

in

front

of

the

classroom.

我看见教室前面有个花园。续表介词（短语）含义及用法示例/例句in

the

front

of在……的前面（内部）。He

is

sitting

in

the

front

of

the

car.他坐在汽车的前面。near在……附近。Do

you

live

near

here?你住在这儿附近吗？over在……正上方（两者不接触）。They

will

build

a

bridge

over

the

river.

他们将要在河上建一座桥。在……上面（表示部分覆盖或者全部覆盖）。She

put

a

blanket

over

the

sleeping

child.

她给熟睡的孩子盖上了毯子。续表介词（短语）含义及用法示例/例句above在……上方（两者不接触，也不一定垂直）。He

lifted

his

hands

above

his

head.

他将双手举过头顶。under在……正下方（两者不接触）。A

dog

is

sitting

under

the

tree.一只狗正蹲在树下。below在……下方（两者不接触，也不一定垂直）。There

is

a

chair

below

the

window.

窗户下面有一把椅子。beside在……旁边。Mary

sat

beside

me.

玛丽坐在我旁边。续表介词（短语）含义及用法示例/例句by在……旁边。Come

and

sit

by

me.

过来坐我旁边。next

to紧挨着……My

home

is

next

to

the

bank.

我家紧挨着银行。续表

►方式介词介词含义及用法示例/例句on“on+通讯工具/电子产品”意为“通过……”。talk

on

the

phone通过电话交谈by通过（某种方式或手段）。后常跟动名词、名词。I

learn

English

by

using

the

iPad.

我通过使用平板电脑来学英语。“by+交通工具”意为“乘坐……”。by

bike/bus骑自行车/乘公共汽车in使用。后接表示语言或者声音等的名词。in

Chinese用汉语

in

a

high/low

voice大/小声地with使用。后接具体的有形的工具。He

broke

the

window

with

a

stone.

他用一块石头打破了窗户。介词含义及用法示例/例句with和……

（2012.41）I

like

staying

with

my

parents.

我喜欢和我的父母待在一起。带有；具有。I

have

no

money

with

me.

我身上没有钱。without没有；缺乏。

（2021.36；2017.59）We

got

there

without

any

difficulty.

我们毫不费力地到那儿了。不（做某事）。He

left

without

saying

anything.

他什么都没说就走了。as作为;以……身份。（2020.49）He

came

to

China

as

a

tourist

five

years

ago.

他五年前以游客的身份来到中国。►其他常见介词介词含义及用法示例/例句as像；如同；跟……一样。She

describes

herself

as

a

reporter.她把自己描述得如同一位记者。than比。常和比较级连用。（2019.56）I

am

taller

than

you.

我比你高。like像；例如。（2014.46）I

like

reading

English

novels

like

LittleWomen.

我喜欢读像《小妇人》这样的英文小说。像；与……相似。Tom

looks

like

his

mother.

汤姆长得像他妈妈。……怎么样。What

is

she

like?

她人怎么样？续表介词含义及用法示例/例句for赞同；支持。We

are

for

the

idea.我们赞同这个主意。给；对；替。There

is

a

letter

for

you.

有你一封信。against倚；碰；撞。against

the

wall靠着墙The

rain

is

beating

against

the

windows.

雨点正敲打着窗户。反对。He

is

against

your

ideas.

他反对你的观点。对抗；和……竞争。Our

team

will

play

against

yours

this

afternoon.

今天下午我们队将和你们队比赛。续表介词含义及用法示例/例句about关于。Could

you

tell

me

something

about

your

life?

你能告诉我一些关于你生活的事吗？of属于（某人或某物）。the

window

of

the

room房间的窗户关于（某人或某物）。a

photo

of

my

dog一张我的狗的照片on关于。a

movie

on

South

Africa一部关于南非的电影from来自（表示来源）。Where

are

you

from?

你来自哪里？in穿着；戴着。Lily

was

in

a

beautiful

dress.

莉莉穿着一条漂亮的裙子。续表介词含义及用法示例/例句over（数量、时间、花费）多于。He

is

over

fifty.

他五十多岁了。遍及；过（时间）。all

over

the

world全世界past晚于；在……之后；超过。a

quarter

past

ten十点十五分经过。He

hurried

past

them

without

stopping.

他匆匆走过他们身边，连停都没停。through以；凭借；通过；穿过。He

got

what

he

wanted

through

hard

work.他通过努力工作获得了他想要的东西。续表(

)1.（2021安徽）Our

country

has

made

great

progress

in

the

fight

______

blue

skies

and

clear

waters.A.

in

B.

for

C.

against

D.

betweenB(

)2.（2021扬州）China’s

first

Mars

rover,

Zhurong,

touched

down

on

the

Red

Planet

______

May

15,

2021.A.

on

B.

in

C.

at

D.

toA(

)3.（2021盘锦）The

little

boy

hid

himself

______

the

door

to

give

his

sister

a

surprise.A.

behind

B.

above

C.

across

D.

underA(

)4.（2021丹东）In

summer

evenings,

many

people

enjoy

taking

walks

______

the

river.A.

on

B.

along

C.

in

D.

overB(

)5.—How

soon

will

you

graduate

from

this

school?—______

a

month.A.

In

B.

For

C.

During

D.

AtA(

)6.Candy’s

mother

tried

her

best

to

move

the

piano

into

the

bedroom,______

the

wall.A.

in

B.

on

C.

against

D.

aboveC(

)7.She

thinks

she

can

learn

English

well

______

watching

English

movies.A.

by

B.

with

C.

for

D.

atA(

)8.Mike

often

downloads

music

______

the

Internet

and

enjoys

it

on

the

computer.A.

from

B.

with

C.

in

D.

atA(

)9.______

milk

and

cheese,

we

also

need

some

vegetables

and

fruits

for

our

salad.A.

Except

B.

Without

C.

Besides

D.

OfCover

among

without

like

below

with

beside

except

past10.（2021南充改编）I

guess

the

temperature

is________zero

because

it’s

freezing

here.below11.（2021苏州改编）_________the

four

great

classical

Chinese

novels，my

favourite

is

Journey

to

the

West.Among12.Look！He

is

writing

something

on

the

beach_______a

stick.with13.A

friend

is______a

mirror.

It

can

bring

out

your

best

and

also

your

worst.like14.A

new

bridge_______the

Yangtze

River

in

Nanjing

opened

to

traffic

on

Dec.24，2020.over15.Every

one

of

us

went

to

the

zoo_________Tom.

He

was

ill.except16.Mr.

King

used

to

go

to

bed

at

half_______nine

in

the

evening.17.It’s

bad

for

your

health

to

go

to

school__________breakfast.18.When

I’m

sick,

Mom

always

stays________me.pastwithoutbeside命题点2介词短语和介词的固定搭配（10年5考；单项填空、完形填空A、完形填空B）

中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，介词短语和介词的固定搭配主要在单项填空、完形填空A和完形填空B中考查，具体考查情况如下：

解题技巧：解答此类试题的关键是熟记介词短语及与介词相关的固定搭配的含义。

►介词短语1.

of短语instead

of代替；而不是（2017.46）because

of因为；由于（2015.38）a

number

of许多

the

number

of

……的数量the

symbol

of

……的象征

ahead

of在……之前of

medium

height中等身高

all

of

a

sudden突然；猛地first

of

all首先2.

in短语in

agreement达成一致

in

class在课堂上in

danger处于危险中

in

fact事实上in

general总体而言

in

groups

成组地in

need在危难中

in

order井然有序in

pain痛苦

in

peace和平地in

person亲自

in

public公开地in

return作为回报

in

silence沉默地in

surprise惊奇地

in

time及时in

total总共

in

trouble处于困境中in

a

hurry匆忙地

in

a

word总而言之in

one’s

opinion在某人看来 in

the

distance在远处

in

the

end最后 in

the

future在未来

in

the

way挡道；妨碍 in

control

of掌管；管理in

the

face

of面对（问题、困难等） in

the

middle

of在……中间in

that

case既然那样；假使那样的话3.

at短语at

first起初

at

last最后at

least至少

at

most最多at

once马上

at

school在上学at

birth出生时

at

hand在手边；即将来临at

home在家

at

night在晚上at

present目前；现在

at

times有时;偶尔at

work在工作

at

the

moment此时;现在at

the

same

time同时

at

the

age

of在……岁时at

the

beginning

of在……开始 at

the

end

of在……结尾

at

the

bottom

of在……底部 at

the

top

of在……顶端4.

on短语on

board

在船/火车/飞机上

on

business出差on

duty值日；值班 on

foot步行

on

purpose

故意地 on

sale廉价销售；出售

on

time准时 on

vacation在度假

on

the

Internet在网上 on

the

left在左边

on

the

right在右边on

one’s

own独自on

weekends/the

weekend在周末on

one’s

way

to在某人去……的路上on

the

one

hand…,

on

the

other

hand…

一方面……另一方面……5.

to短语next

to紧靠……的旁边；贴近

thanks

to多亏on

the

way

to在去……的路上to

one’s

surprise令某人吃惊的是according

to

根据；按照；据……所说；视……而定6.

by短语by

accident偶然地；意外地

by

hand手工by

mistake错误地

by

the

way顺便说一下by

the

time到……的时候by

the

end

of到……结束时7.

from短语across

from在……对面

from

now

on从今以后；今后from

then

on从那时起

from

time

to

time不时；偶尔8.

其他常见介词短语as

for至于（2014.39）

as

usual像往常一样as

a

result结果

such

as比如for

example例如

after

all毕竟between…and…

在……和……之间without

doubt毫无疑问with

one’s

help=with

the

help

of

sb.

在某人的帮助下►介词与形容词/动词的过去分词的搭配1.

be+adj.+tobe

close

to…

靠近……be

kind

to…

对……和蔼be

rude

to…

对……粗鲁be

similar

to…

与……相似be

friendly/good/nice

to…

对……友好be

harmful

to…

对……有害be

thankful

to…

对……心存感激be

used

to

(doing)

sth.

习惯于某物/做某事be

up

to…

由……决定be

famous/known/well-known

to…

被……所熟知2.

be+adj./动词的过去分词+withbe

angry

with

sb.

生某人的气be

busy

with…

忙于……be

good

with

sb.

和某人相处愉快be

patient

with…

对……有耐心be

popular

with…

受……的欢迎be

satisfied/pleased

with…

对……满意be

strict

with

sb.对某人要求严格be

born

with…

天生具有……be

covered

with…

被……覆盖be

filled

with…

充满……3.

be+adj.+forbe

famous/known/well-known

for…

因……而著名be

good

for…

对……有好处be

late

for…

迟到be

ready

for…

为……做好准备be

responsible

for…

对……负责任be

sorry

for…

为……感到抱歉be

thirsty

for…

渴望……4.

be+adj.+about

be

anxious

about…

对……感到焦虑be

careful

about/with…

对……小心be

crazy

about…

着迷于……be

curious

about…

对……好奇be

strict

about

sth.对某事要求严格be

sure

about…

确信；对……有把握be

worried

about…

对……担忧5.

be+adj./动词的过去分词+ofbe

afraid

of…

害怕……be

full

of…

充满……be

proud

of…

对……感到自豪be

sure

of…

对……有把握be

tired

of…

对……感到厌倦be

made

of…

由……制成（能看出原材料）be

made

up

of…

由……组成6.

be+adj./动词的过去分词+frombe

absent

from…

缺席……be

different

from…

与……不同be

made

from…

由……制成（看不出原材料）be

separated

from…

和……分开7.

be+adj.+atbe

good

at…

擅长……be

mad

at/with…

生……的气be

surprised

at…

对……感到惊奇8.

be+adj.+inbe

interested

in…

对……感兴趣be

talented

in…

在……方面有天赋be

weak

in…

在……方面薄弱►介词与动词的搭配teach

sb.

about

sth.

教某人某事（2013.51）be

chosen

as…

被选为……（2013.63）play

a

role

in…

在……中起作用speak

to…

与……讲话talk

with…

与……交谈buy

sth.

for

sb.为某人买某物remind

sb.

of

sth.

提醒某人某事put…into…

把……放进……更多介词与动词的搭配见《单元词汇必背册》P76。(

)19.______

that

moment,

I

never

realized

how

much

my

father

loved

me.A.

At

B.

Unless

C.

Until

D.

SinceA(

)20.We

won!

The

honor

belongs

______

all

the

members

of

our

team.A.

by

B.