2024届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三年级下册5月联合模拟预测英语试题（附答案解析）

2024届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期5月联合模拟预测英语

试题

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=

10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.Allthe

assignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningand

coursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework

(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-class

writingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass*

lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimeto

timeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedat

home,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperiod

itislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Daily

assignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofan

excusedabsencewillbeaccepted.

1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou5re

lookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthat

bandwagon.

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwas

livingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletely

zerowastelikeme.I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfind

encouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeina

not-always-supportivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.Iremembershowingmy

parentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,

andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,

andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabit

discouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyown

reach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn'tneed.SinceIhadmyown

toiletries（洗漱用品），Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialso

offeredtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowaste

groceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontrol

overyourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourself

ifotherscommentonwhatyou'redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.If

youhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoften

leaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords'jumponthatbandwagon“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Shareanapartmentwithyou.B.Joinyouinwhatyou'redoing.

C.Transformyourwayofliving.D.Helpyoutomakethedecision.

5.Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor'sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?

A.Hedisapprovedofit.B.Hewasfavorabletoit.

试卷第2页，共10页

C.Hewastolerantofit.D.Hedidn'tcareaboutit.

6.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A.Sheisquitegoodatcooking.B.Sherespectsothers9privacy.

C.Sheenjoysbeingahousewife.D.Sheisadeterminedperson.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.

B.Howtohaveone'sownpersonalspaceathome.

C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.

D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.

Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Last

week,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatits

humanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israefsformernationaldebatingchampion.

Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromits

libraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekinds

oferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointto

afundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputer

scienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:"There'sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhat

ifstalkingabout/9

WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhat

distinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputer

workswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsinto

another.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningis

irrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butfor

humans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmatters

isnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbut

whattheymean.

Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interaction

thatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjust

insideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocial

relations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthafswhy,howeverastonishing

ProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwith

artificialintelligence.

8.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.

B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.

C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.

D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles“inparagraph2referto?

A.Arguments.B.Doubts.C.Errors.D.Differences.

10.WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?

A.Createrules.B.Comprehendmeaning.

C.Talkfluently.D.Identifydifficultwords.

11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.

B.Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.

C.Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.

D.Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.

Asweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasit

usedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewho

don'texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20years

anditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversity

ofTexas.Thafswhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthat

evenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyour

agingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnot

exercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.

Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic（无氧）exercise-balancetrainingand

试卷第4页，共10页

weighttraining-threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseunder

theguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsaw

remarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.

“Wetookthese5O-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,9,

saysLevine.64Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnow

fillalotbetterandpump（泵送）alotmorebloodduringexercise.^^Buttheheartsofthosewho

participatedinlessintenseexercisedidn'tchange,hesays.

“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven?talready,isinlatemiddleagewhen

theheartstillhasflexibility,Levinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlong

exercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.^^

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine's

findingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroups

ofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

12.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?

A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.

C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.

13.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?

A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.

C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.

14.WhatdoesLevine^researchfind?

A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.

B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.

C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.

D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.

15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

Withgaspricesrisingandairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbook

yournextdomesticvacationonatrain?Comparedtootheralternatives,ifscomfortableand

relaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.

Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,sellout

veryquickly.16Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,ifsagoodideatomakeyour

reservationsatleast90daysinadvance.

Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghim

double-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agood

onecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.17Thenyouwon'thavetowalkthrough

severalcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.

Bringablanket.Whenyou'reridingontrains,youwon'tbeprovidedwithablanketfor

free,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.18Inthesummerinparticular,theair

conditioningcanmakethemquitecold.

Arriveearly.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,so

missingyourscanbeadisaster.19Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparture

times,notarrivaltimes.

Havefun.20Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworld

unfoldoutsidethewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofseconds

inanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwo

mileposts).Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you'regoing67.92mph.

A.Traintripsaren'tforimpatienttypes.

B.You'llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.

C.Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.

D.Thafsparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.

E.Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.

F.Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.

G.Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthafsrightnexttothediner.

二、完形填空

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.Melanie

Baileyshouldhave21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22camebecauseshe

试卷第6页，共10页

wascarryinga23acrossthefinishline.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher

24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She25tohelpherfellow

runner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith26.

Shecouldn't.Baileythen27toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthe

waytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28attention.

Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthat

shehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30

tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey'shelp.

AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig32.

“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn't33her,“Baileytoldthereporter.t6IfeellikeIwasjust

doingtherightthing.^^

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe34,they'vesince

becomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe35ofhumankindnesswontheday.

21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished

22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse

23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitor

24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training

25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised

26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice

27.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bentdown

28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal

29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciated

30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness

31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouraged

32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal

33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand

34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show

35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.exchange

三、语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

DuringChina'sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijing36arranged

theresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.Theterm“hutong”,37(original)

meaning“waterwell“inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.

IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,38(surround)in

concentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasses

39(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-ranking

officialsandwealthybusinessmenoften40(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroof

beamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby41(space)

homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.Their

siheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand42(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthe

hutongswerenarrower.

HutongsrepresentanimportantculturalelementofthecityofBeijing.ThankstoBeijing's

longhistory43capitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareeven

associatedwithhistoric44(event).Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculture

representedbytheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongs

reflect45cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.

四、书信写作

46.假定你是李华，你校图书馆新开设“小组学习室"，请你给你的留学生同学Michael写一

封信，邀请他一同体验，内容包括：

1.位置与开放时间；2.室内设施和功能。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

试卷第8页，共10页

五、书面表达

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest.

Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,soEnglishwas

onlymysecondlanguage.Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowed

metopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayedallthe

parts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.

So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:

“BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou'rewillingtoapplyyourself,Ithinkyouhaveagoodshotat

this."Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.

IchosePaulReveredhorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith（车艮匠）inBoston

whorodeahorseatnightonApril18,1775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswere

coming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse9smouth.Notabrilliantidea,butfunny;and

unlikelytobeanyoneelse'schoice.

Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhegettired?Havedoubts?Did

hewanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.But,like

Reveredhorse,Ikeptgoing.Iworkedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedmyoldersisterto

correctmygrammar.IcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromthelibrary.Ieven

readafewofthem.

WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,andsaid,"'Great.

Now,writeitagain.^^Iwroteitagain,andagainandagain.WhenIfinallyfinishedit,thethought

ofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn'twin,Iwouldn'tcare.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecamethenews.

Iwenttomyteacher9sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.

试卷第10页，共10页

参考答案:

1.C2.B3.A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。

1.推理判断题。根据文章标题"GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature（文学概论课程评

分办法）“和Essays（60%）部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthe

gradeofforthiscourse（你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分）”可知，文章介绍了

文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。

2.细节理解题。根据黑体小标题"Essays（60%）”以及“GroupAssignments（30%）”和“Daily

Work/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework（10%）”可知，学生的最终成绩由3

部分组成。故选B项。

3.推理判断题o根据"LateWork”部分"Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,it

willearnazero.（如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分）”可知，如果在截止日

期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。

【点睛】

4.B5.A6.D7.C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。

4.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainable

lifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyto（如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能

不是你周围的每个人都准备好）”及第二段中的"I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,

whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethe

changeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.（在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西,我希望如果

你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞）”可知，

如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由

此推知，划线词组jumponthatbandwagon与Joinyouinwhatyou9redoing.（加入你正在做的

事情）意思接近。故选B。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowaste

groceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoff

asabitdiscouraging.（几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着

答案第1页，共11页

罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧）”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选

Ao

6.推理判断题o根据第四段中的"Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatI

couldthatwaswithinmyownreach.（然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所

能及的努力）“及“Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesome

controloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.（也许你的家庭不会完全

改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变）”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的

人。故选D。

7.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainable

lifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.（如果你想过——种更

可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动）”及第二段中的“I've

learnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoing

yourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.（在这

个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄

清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞）”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生

活方式。故选C。

【点睛】

8.B9.C10.B11.A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为ProjectDebater的软

件程序。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段的"Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftware

programcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israefsformer

nationaldebatingchampion.（上周,在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为ProjectDebater的

软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军NoaOvadia。广可知，作者

在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聪明。故选B。

9.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.It

takessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.

Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.（尽管ProjectDebater很聪明，但它也

有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致

答案第2页，共11页

人类不会犯的错误。）”和“willnodoubtbeironedout（毫无疑问会被解决）”可知，划线词所在

句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思

相近，故选C。

10.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,

andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemost

intelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulesto

transformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.

Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.（Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最

不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转

换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，

意义是无关紧要的。）“可知，根据Hammond的说法，ProjectDebater不能理解意义，故选B。

11.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,not

ofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthat

assignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,social

conventionsandsocialrelations.（意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这

种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于

社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。）”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社

会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。

【点睛】

12.D13.C14.A15.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。

12.推理判断题。根据第二段的“"Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butput

itinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheart

specialistattheUniversityofTexas.Thafswhathappenstotheheart.‘想想橡皮筋。一开始，它

是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏

专家本・莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。广可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化

过程，故选D。

13.推理判断题。根据第三段的"Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic

exercise-balancetrainingandweighttraining-threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdid

答案第3页，共11页

high-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.（第——

组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4

天或更多的高强度有氧运动。）”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选

Co

14.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseunderthe

guidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsaw

remarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.（第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强

度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。广和第四段的“Wetookthese

50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts/saysLevine.（莱文

说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。可知，莱文的研究发现了通

过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。

15.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfar

largergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggest

difference.（但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些

方面会产生最大的影响。厂可知，妮卡・戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。

16.D17.G18.C19.E20.A

【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。

16.根据上文“Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,

selloutveryquickly.（提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。）”以及下文“But

nomatterwhenyoutravel,ifsagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.

（但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。户可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容

易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy

summermonths”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。

17.根据上文“Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.（一个好的旅行社有时可

以帮你找到打折的票。）“以及下文"Thenyouwon'thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsona

movingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.（这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火

车上穿过几节车厢了。）”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省

从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“bookyouinasleepingcarthafsrightnexttothediner”与前后文

对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。

答案第4页，共11页

18.根据上文“Whenyou'reridingontrains,youwon'tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenif

yourtripisanovernightone.（当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过

夜的。）“以及下文"Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.（特

别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。）”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自

备毛毯，C项中“Thetemperatureonrailcars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通

常很难控制。”符合语境。故