新概念英语语法：英语语法体系结构图

句种类(按结构分)-复合句一句种类(按结构分)-复合句一资料—代词—动词—实词一形容词数词冠词虚词介词感叹词陈述句-陈述句-疑问句-否定陈述句疑问句一般疑问句句种类(按功能分)句种类(按功能分)祈使句What引导的感叹句简单句并列句简单句并列句形容词性从句表语从句同位语从句非限制性定语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句-让步状语从句—比较状语从句一方式状语从句条件状语从句名词体系(TheSystemofNoun)专有名词名词有些可数有些不可数-个体名词——一般加s(books;eyes;bikes,etc.)可数名词以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，加es(classes;watches;boxes;dishes)辅音字母+y结尾，把y变为i,加es(city—cities;family—families;study—studies)es(half—halves;wife—wives)以辅音字母+o结尾，一般加es(potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes)名词的性体系(TheGenderSystemofNoun)阳性(man,brother,father,husband,etc.)阴性(woman,sister,wife,mother,etc.)名词的性中性(book,friendship,knowledge,sky,etc.)通性(child,friend,professor,worker,cousin,etc.名词的格体系(TheCaseSystemofNoun) 通格：当名词在句中充当主语、宾语、补语时，名词词形无变化，此时称为通格名词的格 一属格：当名词在句中表示所有或其他某些关系时，称属格，可分s属格和of属格S-属格体系(TheSystemofS-case)S-属格体系-S-属格使用场合S-属格的意义用于人名、有生名的、或视为有生名的东西的名词(thestudent'sbooks;thedog'stail;Mary'sfather,etc.)用于表示地理、国家、城市、天体、文化艺术活动、时间、度量、价值等名词(China'sreform;Beijing'sweather;thesun'slight,aweek'sholidays,etc.)表示所有关系(Mr.Smith'spassporthasbeencheckedup.)表示逻辑上主谓关系(Thevisitor'sarrivalwasreportedintoday'spapers.)-表示逻辑上动宾关系(Theenemy'sdefeatbroughtthewartoanend.)表示同位关系(TomboughtthebookatBrown's,thebookseller's.)表示与人类活动有联系的其他关系(thegirl'sstory→thestoryofthe小程序搜索天浩提优资料—主格(I)宾格(me)—主格(we)复数一-人称代词宾格(us)-单数—第二人称—主格(you)复数一一宾格(you)-主格——一中性(it)-单数—一阴性(she)第三人称-—阳性(him)宾格———中性(it)一主格(they)复数一宾格(them)代词一单数(my)复数(our)阳性阳性(his)中性(its)阴性(her)一复数-单数一复数-单数(mine)(yours)-阳性(his)阴性(hers)复数(theirs)单数(myself)第一人称单数(yourself)第二人称单数(myself)第一人称单数(yourself)第二人称 阳性(himself)单数—中性(itself)—阴性(herself)第三人称相互代词(eachother;oneanother)指示代词(this;that;these;those)一疑问代词(who;whom;whose;what;which)关系代词(who;whom;whose;which;that;as)不定代词(all;each;everything;everybody;everyone;some;something;any;anything;nothing;none;another;other;theother;others)--动词体系(ThesystemofVerb)-及物动词不规则动词一不及物动词-简单动词—不定式(to+v)一动名词(v+ing)非限定动词现在分词(v+ing)非限定动词现在分词主动词分词主动词分词过去分词动词(分类)-一基本助动词(do,be,have)一助动词-—情态助动词(can;will;shall;may;must;should;would;could;might)天浩提优资料时态一般将来时(will+do)将来进行时(will+be+doing)将来完成时(will+have+done)将来完成进行时(will+have+been+doing)一般现在时(do/does)现在进行时(be+doing)现在完成时(have/has+done)现在完成进行时(have/has+been+doing)一般过去时(v-ed/did)一过去进行时(were/was+doing)一过去完成时(had+done)过去完成进行时(had+been+doing)过去将来时(would+do)过去将来过去将来进行时(would+be+doing)过去将来-过去将来完成时(would+have+done)过去将来完成进行时(would+have+been+doing)一语态一主动语态被动语态(be+v-ed)陈述语气(Iamastudent.)祈使语气(Openthedoor,please!)用于表示命令、决定、建议等词之后的that分句中。用于if、though、lest、solongas等引导的分句中，表示推测、让步、忧虑等。be型式用于某些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等及公式化的语句中。虚拟语气一were型式一用于if、asifwere型式一将来时间的主观设想情况。用于wish后的that分句中，表示与现在事实相反的主观愿望。形容词体系(TheSystemofAdjectives)单字形容词(big、small、beautiful、bloody、voiceless、etc)形容词(按形式分类)—复合形容词(bitter-sweet、good-looking、easy-going、hard-working、etc.)中心形容词(指既能充当名词修饰语，又能充当主语补语和宾语补语)—外围形容词(指只能充当定语或只能充当表语的形容词)形容词(按功能分类)—一静态形容词(指用来描述人或物静态特征的型容词，如：tall、deep)动态形容词(指用来描述人或物动态特征的形容词，如：slow、faithfu后置定语(somethingnice;anythinginteresting;etc.)形容词形容词一—主语补语(表语)(Theboyisintelligent.etc.)宾语补语(Thesungivesuswarm.Wefinditnice.etc.)原级—(Heisastallashisfather;Theclassroomisasbigasyours.etc.)比较级—more+形容词(beautiful—morebeautiful;etc.)形容词的级—一不规则形容词(good—better;bad—worse;—形容词+est(small—smallest;big—biggest;etc.)最高级一-themost+形容词(beautiful—themostbeautiful,etc.)不规则形容词(good—best;bad—worst;etc.)副词体系(TheSystemofAdverbs)方式副词(angrily;quickly;warmly;carefully;loudly;anxiously.Etc.)程度副词(almost;hardly;nearly;greatly;fairly;deeply;partly,etc.)副词类型—时间副词(ago;already;before;early;finally;immediately;later;etc.)地点副词(above;there;upstairs;outside;below;anywhere;abroad;etc.)句副词(fortunately;surely;actually;obviously;unfortunately;etc.)一连接副词(therefore;however;moreover;thus;because;etc.)解说副词(as;namely,etc.)功能副词—一疑问副词(when;where;why;whence;whereby;whereupon;how;etc.)副词—关系副词(when;where;why;whence;whereby;whereupon;etc.)感叹副词(how)修饰性状语(Recentlytheyhadanaccident.)评注性状语(FranklyIcandonothingaboutit.)副词句法功能—连接性状语(Doitnow.Otherwiseitwillbetoolate.)原级(asfastas;asquicklyas;assoonas;etc.)比较级—more+副词(wonderfully—morewonderfully;etc.)副词的级—不规则副词(bad—worse;well—better;etc.)副词+est(fast—fastest;early—earliest;etc.)最高级一most+副词(wonderfully—mostwonderfully;etc.)不规则副词(bad—worst;well—best;etc.)数词体系(TheSystemofNumerals)一般情况下，基数词+th(four—fourth;six—sixth;seven—seventh;etc.)例外词(one—firth;two—second;three—third;five—fifth;eight—eighth;nine—ninth)构成—(one;two;three;etc.)倍数表示法(times+NP;e.g.fivetimesthesizeof.…;times+形容词/副词比较级+than;times+as..as…etc.)-大于某数表示法(morethan;over;above;more)一小于某数表示法(lessthan;under;below;less;nearly;almost;upto;etc.)数的表示一大约数表示法((or;orso;about;somewhereabout;some;moreorless;around;etc.)between两数之间表示法(…to…;from…to…;between…and;anywherebetween..and.…;etc.)分数、小数、百分数表示法(1/2---onehalf;2/3—twothirds;0.8—zeropointeight;1.8—onepointeight;7%--sevenpercent;etc.)不确切数表示法(Tentoonethetrainwillbelate=Verylikelythetrainwillbelate.天浩提优资料虚词体系(TheSystemofFormWords)并列连词(and;but;or;for;so;while;whereas;both…and;either…or;neither..nor;notonly…butalso;etc.)从属连词(after;although;as;as…as;asif;aslongas;assoonas;because;before;evenif;inorderthat;lest;nowthat;since;so.as;sothat;so…that;such…that;than;though;till;unless;until;when;where;whether;while;etc.)不定冠词虚词一简单介词(about;above;below;among;at;before;during;under;etc.)短语介词(accordingto;apartfrom;asfor;asto;becauseof;etc)介词搭配一介词一感叹词(Oh;Ah;Well;Alas;etc.)动词+介词(belongto;dependon;comparewith;waitfor;etc.)形容词+介词(fondof;equalto;freefrom;angrywith;etc.)名词+介词(applicationfor;complainabout;familiaritywith,etc.)前置(onthetable;intheroom;inthemorning;beforethebuilding,etc.)疑问词开头的问句(Whodidyouborrowthebookfrom?)后置—以what开始的其他句或从句(WhatalotoftroubleIam定语从句(ThisisthehouseItoldyouabout.)被动语态(Ihatebeinglaughedat.)不定式短语(Ineedsomethingtowritewith.)句法体系(TheSystemofSyntactic)句-陈述句肯定陈述句(Heisastudent.Shedidherhomework.etc.)否定陈述句(Hehasn'tbeentoBeijing.Wedidnotknowhim.etc.)一般疑问句(Areyouastudent?DoesshelikeEnglish?etc.)特殊疑问句(Whatareyoudoinghere?Whereareyoufrom?etc.)-选择疑问句(Doyouliketostayhereorgoout?etc.)反意疑问句(Youhaven'treadthisbook,haveyou?)一肯定祈使句(Openthedoor,please.Keepsilent.)否定祈使句(Don'tdothatagain.Don'tbelatenexttime.)—How引导的感叹句(Howbeautifulourschoolis!Howfastsheruns!etc.What引导的感叹句(Whatabeautifulschoolitis!Whatanicegirlsheis!etc.)并列句(含两个或两个以上主谓结构，由并列连词连接)(HeiswatchingTVandwearedoingourhomework.)—主语从句(Whatissaidisreasonable.Thatheisagoodstudentisquestionable.)一表语从句(Thequestioniswhowillgofirst.)名词性从句一宾语从句(Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandseeme.)限制性定语从句(由that;who;whom;whose;which;as;when;why;where形容词性从句why等引导。)非限制性定语从句(由who;whom;whose;which;as;when;why;where;Why等引导。)时间状语从句(由when;while;since;as;assoonas;nosooner…than;等引导。)地点状语从句(由where;wherever等引导)原因状语从句(由because;as;since等引导)条件状语从句(由if;unless等引导)—结果状语从句(由sothat;so…that;such…that等引导)一方式状语从句(由as;asif;asthough等引导)让步状语从句(由although;though;evenif;eve