新概念英语第二册53课教材

Lesson53Hotsnake单词学习hot fireman cause examine accidentally remains windwire volt powerline solve mystery snatch spark

adj.带电的，通电的n.消防队员v.引起；n.原因v.检查adv.意外地，偶然地n.尸体，残骸v.缠绕n.电线n.伏特（电压单位）电力线v.解决n.谜v.抓住n.电火花★hotadj

1）热的，炎热的Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁.hot炎热的warm温暖的

cool凉爽的chilly寒冷的

cold寒冷的,严寒的2）调味品辣的辣椒和芥末是辣的.Pepperandmustardarehot.3）强烈的,激烈的,热烈的.haveahottemper脾气暴躁ahotpotato棘手或讨厌的事物或情况1.★hotadj.带电的,充电的adj.热的；新鲜的；棘手的；带电的,充电的hot-hot-hot麻辣烫；hot-wings辣鸡翅；hotdog热狗hot-tempered火暴(脾气)的tempern.脾气

hotline热线；hottopic热门话题Itsellslikeahotcake/cakes.表示一个东西的畅销,热销bestseller畅销的东西hotpotato棘手的问题hotnews最热点的新闻★firemann消防队员hydrant[`haidrənt]n.消防栓fireextinguisher灭火器

Extinguish[ik`stiŋgwiʃ]＝putout灭火★cause1）V.引起causesth:引起（麻烦）粗心导致事故Carelessnesscausesaccidents.骄傲使人失败Pridecausesfailurecausesbtodosth

引起某人做某事,导致某人做某事2）n.原因

cause:强调事情发生的直接原因(一个)reason:其他各种的理由(很多个)Thecauseofsth

……的起因Thereasonforsth

……的理由★examine1）v.仔细观察,检查,调查消防队员检查了森林的每一寸土地。Thefirefightersexaminedeveryinchoftheforest.2）v.诊查医生仔细的诊察了病人。Thedoctorexaminedhispatientcarefully3）v.考试,测试examinestudentsinEnglish

n.exam考试=examination★accidentallyadv.意外地,偶然地

adj.accidental意外的,偶然的

反义词intentional意外死亡anaccidentaldeathaccident

n.事故,意外车祸acaraccidentAccidentally=bychance=byaccident我偶然间发现了金矿Ifoundagoldminebyaccident.★remains1）n.剩余物,残余物

残汤剩饭theremainsofameal2）n.(古建筑等物)遗址,废墟

圆明园遗址theremainsofYuanmingyuan3）n.遗体,遗骸

毛主席的遗体被保存在水晶棺材里。TheremainsofChairmanMaowerekeptwellinacrystalcoffin.remain1）v.留下,剩下,遗留大火之后，我的房子里什么也没剩下。Afterthefire,nothingremainedinmyhouse.要做的事还很多。Muchremainstobedone.

木已成舟What’sdoneisdone.2）v.仍是,保持不变他保持沉默。Heremainedsilent.★wiren.金属线，电线

他用一根金属线把筐绑到了自行车上。Hetiedabaskettothebicyclewithapieceofwire.telephonewires电话线Electricwires电线wirelessadj.无线的

wirelesstelegraphy无线电报★voltn.伏特voltagen.电压,伏特数★power1）电力，动力

electricpower电力waterpower水力2）力,能力

（自然的体力、智力）Hispower

isfailing.他的体力在衰退。3）权力,支配力,势力

politicalpower政治权力notwithinone’spower=beyondone’spower力所不能及我无法理解计算机是如何工作的。Itisbeyondmypowertounderstandhowthecomputerworks.solvev.解决,解答,回答

=workout解决问题solveaproblem解开谜团solveamystery我们必须解决经济危机。Wemustsolvetheeconomiccrisis.

n.solution解决,解答花费了很长时间才找出解决方法。Ittookalongtimetofindthesolutionsnatch1）v.抢,夺,掠取

snatchup抓起来贼把她的包抓起来逃跑了。Thethiefsnatchedherbagandranaway.在他妈妈刚要看那张纸的时候，他把它夺走了。Hesnatchedthepaperashismotherwasabouttoseeit.2）v.(趁机)迅速取得,急急忙忙吃完饭

他出其不意,吻了她一下。Hesnathedakissfromher.辨析snatch迅速而有力(粗鲁地)抓住,抢

snatchachancegrab抓,抢,抢夺,抓住(热切而拼命地)grabsthfromsb/grabsthfromsth

grasp1)抓住或咬住,抓紧

graspachance抓住机会

2)掌握

graspalanguagehold抓住,握住,托住

现在完成进行时构成：have/hasbeen+doing含义：1）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。2）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。与现在完成时的区别Ihavebeenwritingabook.我一直在写一本书。（动作还将继续下去）Ihavewrittenabook.我已经写了一本书。（动作已经完成）与现在完成时的联系Theyhavebeenlivinginthiscityfortenyears.Theyhavelivedinthiscityfortenyears.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。Ihavebeenworkinghereforfiveyears.Ihaveworkedhereforfiveyears.我在这里已经工作五年了。课文讲解AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.Henoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.Theexplanationwassimplebutveryunusual.Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires.Thesnakethenwounditselfroundthewires.Whenitdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire.AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.atlast最后，终于，过程很艰难。他们终于翻过了这座大山。Atlasttheyclimbedoverthemountain．California=GoldenState黄金州putout扑灭，熄灭，关掉请把灯关掉。Pleaseputthelightout.Makeafire

生火Startafire引起火灾Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.sincethen从那时起，到现在为止findout（经过研究、努力等）找出，发现，查出……我会试着查出昨天救了我的人的名字。I’lltryandfindoutthenameofthepersonwhosavedmylifeyesterday.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.cigaretteends烟头Throwaway扔掉，丢弃Throwabout随处扔Throwat扔向（有目标性）Throwto扔向（无目标性）

Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.beableto能够；benotableto没有能够Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.besurethat对……很有把握；quitesure相当的把握性ratheradv.相当fairlyadv.相当,公正地,诚实地quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly程度一个比一个轻quiteafew颇有几个(相当多的)startafire＝causeafirestartvt.使……发生，引起Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.However与but区别：However要接逗号，再加句子。But直接与句子相连。accidentally=bychance偶然地discover偶然发现（某个已经存在的东西）Invent发明（以前没有的东西）我不知道谁发现的美洲。Idon’tknowwhodiscoveredAmerica.你知道起火原因吗？Doyouknowthecauseofthefire?Henoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.notice注意别人没注意的东西theremains表示“尸体，残骸”，必须用复数形式村民们很惊奇的看到在湖的旁边有一架飞机的残骸。Thevillagersweresurprisedtoseetheremainsofanaeroplanenearthelake.windvt.1)vt.缠绕，卷在……上（常与around/round连用）你介意我把这段电线缠在树上吗？Didyouwindthispieceofwireroundthetree?2)vt.蜿蜒，盘旋一条小径沿著山谷蜿蜒而上。Apathwoundupthevalley.windone‘sway蜿蜒、迂回而行他们在狭窄的山谷中迂回前进Theywoundtheirwaythroughthenarrowvalley.3）转动（把手等），拧紧windupone'swatch上紧某人手表的发条把(车子的)窗子摇下winddownawindowInthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.inthisway就这样Theexplanationwassimplebutveryunusual.Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires.snatchedupsthfromtheground从地上抓起来dropvt&vi.无意掉下去的,使落下,使掉落她把花瓶掉到了地板上。Shedroppedthevaseonthefloor.茶壶从她手里掉了出来。Theteapotdroppedoutofherhand。fallvi.落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒强调的是掉下来的概念,动作我跌倒了，伤到了我自己。Ifellandhurtmyself.当秋天叶落的时候，我就会回来。Whenleavesfallinautumn,I’llcomeback.他从楼梯上摔下来，把他的腿摔断了。Hefelldownthestairsandbrokehisleg.书从桌子上掉到了地上。Thebookfellfromthetabletothefloor。Thesnakethenwounditselfroundthewires.Whenitdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire.doso这么做Irefusetodoso.我拒绝这么做so常用于一些动词之后，代指前面提过的某个动作/某件事，以免重复我也这样认为。Ithink/believeso.startafire=causeafire引起一场大火Comprehensionquestions1Wherewasthereabigforestfire?InCalifornia.2Havefiremenputitout?Yes,theyhave.3Whathavetheybeentryingtofindoutsincethen?Howthefirebegan.4Whatareforestfiresoftencausedby?Brokenglassorcigaretteends.

5Peoplearecareless,aren'tthey?Yes,theyare.6Whendidthefiremenexaminetheground?Yesterday.7Didtheyfindanybrokenglass?No,theydidn't.8Didtheythinkacigaretteendstartedthefire?No,theydidn't.9Theywerequitesureitdidn't,weren'tthey?(Yes,theywere.)10Whenwasthecausediscovered?(Thismorning.)11Whodiscoveredit?(Afiremandid.)12Wasitwhathewaslookingfor?(No,itwasn't.)【SpecialDifficulties】Throwto，ThrowatandThrowawaythrow作及物动词主要含义为“投，掷，抛，扔”。throwto(sb.)扔给（某人）

HethrewtheballtomeandIcaughtit.throwat对准某一目标扔

Theboythrewastoneatthewindowandbrokeit.throwaway扔掉，丢弃

Manypeoplethrowawaycigaretteendscarelessly.CauseandReasoncause①n.原因，起因；Doyouknowthecauseofthewar?Whatwasthecauseofthedelay?②v.使……产生/发生，引起causesth.导致,引起Whatcausedtheaccident?causesb.todosth.导致某人做某事reason①n.理由，原因Givemeyourreasonsforgoingthere.Whatwasthereasonforthedelay?作“原因”讲时，reason与cause可以互换，但reason与介词for连用；而cause则与介词of连用。reason后面通常跟why引导的从句：

Thatwasthereasonwhythemeetingwasputoff.②v.推理，劝导，说服reasonwithsb.劝说(以道理)Howcanyoureasonwithhimwhenheissoworried?DropandFalldropvi.&vt.（使）掉下，（使）落下，放下（强调的是不小心掉下来）

Ashewalkedpastthetree,anappledroppedfromit.Thewaiterdroppedafork.fallvi.落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒（强调的是掉下来的概念,动作）

Ifellandhurtmyself.Whenleavesfallinautumn,I’llcomeback.KeytoKSExercisesAWhathappened：began(1.2);examined(1.4);werenotabletofind(1.5);didnotstart(1.6);discovered(1.7);noticed(1.8);waswound(1.8);wasabletosolve(1.9);dropped(1.10);wound(1.11);itdidso(1.11);sent(1.11);started(1.11)Whathashappened：haveputout(1.1)Whathasbeenhappening：havebeentryingtofind(1.2)CJacklookedathiswatchforthetwentiethtime.SuddenlyJillarrived.‘I've

beenwaitingforoveranhour,’hesaidangrily.‘Younevercomeontime.’‘Oh,isthatso?’Jillanswered.‘Wereyouhereat2.30?’Jackwentred.‘Well,’hesaid,‘Igotherefiveminuteslatemyself,butyouweren'there.’‘Icamehereatexactly2.30,’Jillsaid,‘andIwaitedforfiveminutes,butyoudidn'tcome.’‘Whathaveyoubeendoingsincethen?’Jackasked.‘I'vejustbeentothehairdresser's，’Jillansweredbrightly.c根据课文第二行…theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan可以判断出只有c.wantedtofindoutwhathadcausedthefire最能说明消防队员仔细查看地面的原因，其他3个选择都不够全面。2.d根据课文第10-12行Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires…WhenitIdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire可以判断只有d.asnakewhichhadbeendroppedontothewiresbyabird与课文的实际内容相符，只有它是引起火灾的原因，其他3个选择都不符合课文的实际内容。3.a只有a.since最合乎题目意思和语法。因为本句是现在完成进行时，只有since引导的时间短语最适合于完成进行时态，表示“自从……以来”，所以应该选a.其他3个选择都不能引导合适的时间短语。4.c本句表示时间的词是often,表示经常性的动作，因此应该用一般现在时。a.iscausing是进行时，b.hascaused是完成时，d.iscausedby是现在时被动语态，而本句需要主动语态。只有c.causes是一般现在时，第3人称单数形式，本句的主语Brokenglass是单数，所以c.最符合语法，所以选c.5.ca.almostcerta