汽车构造英文翻译

汽车构造英文翻译CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS1.1

PrincipalComponents主要构成零部件Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.现在，一般汽车由大约一万五千多个独立的零部件组成。这些部件分为四大类，即发动机（引擎系统），车身，底盘和电气设备。1.2

Engine发动机/引擎系统Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.引擎的作用是动力产生的部件。内燃机引擎最为常见。引擎通过燃烧其汽缸内的液体汽油来获得能量（将汽油的能量转化为动能来驱动汽车）。引擎分为汽油（火花引燃式）发动机和柴油（压燃式）发动机。这两类发动机都被称为热力机。燃烧的汽油产生热量，促使汽缸内的气体气压增强，从而提供能量以旋转（启动）传输轴。1.3

Body车身Anautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.汽车车身是由金属薄片壳、车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李舱盖等共同构成。车身为发动机，乘客和货物提供了一个防护罩。车身的设计应该遵循保证乘客安全和舒适的原则。车身的风格使汽车具有了引人注目、彩色的，现代的外立面。1.4

Chassis底盘Thechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.底盘由汽车的主要操作系统组装而成。包括传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四部分。Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincomponentsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.传动系-将驱动力传递到车轮。主要组成部件是离合器、变速箱、传动轴、主减速器和差速器。Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.悬挂系-吸收路面震动。Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.转向系-控制汽车的行驶方向。Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.制动系-使汽车减速缓行。1.5

Electrical

Equipment电气设备Theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitarea,iscreated.这种风引入雾化的汽油和空气进入气缸的混合。开始时，活塞向下移动从汽缸顶部附近的位置。作为活塞向下移动，真空或低压区。Duringtheintakestroke,oneoftheportsisopenedbymovingtheinletvalve.Theexhaustvalveremainstightlyclosed.在进气冲程，是通过移动进气阀打开。排气阀门仍然紧闭。Compressionstroke压缩行程Asthepistonmovesupwardtocompressthefuelmixturetrappedinthecylinder,thevalvesareclosedtightly.Thiscompressionactionheatstheair/fuelmixtureslightlyandconfinesitwithinasmallareacalledthecombustionchamber.当活塞向上移动压缩燃料混合物，阀门闭得紧紧的。这种压缩动作稍微加热空气/燃料混合物和局限在小范围内被称为燃烧室。Powerstroke动力冲程Justbeforethepistonreachesthetopofitscompressionstroke,anelectricalsparkisintroducedfromasparkplugscrewedintothecylinderhead.Thesparkignitesthecompressed,heatedmixtureoffuelandairinthecombustionchambertocauserapidburning.Theburningfuelproducesintenseheatthatcausesrapidexpansionofthegasescompressedwithinthecylinder.Thispressureforcesthepistondownward.Thedownwardstroketurnsthecrankshaftwithgreatforce.就在活塞到达其压缩冲程，电火花引进火花塞旋入气缸中。火花点燃燃烧室压缩，加热燃料和空气混合物导致迅速燃烧。燃料燃烧产生强烈的热，导致迅速扩张汽缸内的压缩气体。这种压力迫使活塞向下Exhauststroke排气冲程Justbeforethebottomofthepowerstroke,theexhaustvalveopens.Thisallowsthepiston,asitmovesupward,topushthehot,burnedgasesoutthroughtheopenexhaustvalve.Then,justbeforethepistonreachesitshighestpoint,theexhaustvalveclosesandtheinletvalveopens.Asthepistonreachesthehighestpointinthecylinder,knownasTDC,itstartsbackdownagain.Thus,onecycleendsandanotherbeginsimmediately.就在动力冲程的底部，排气阀打开。这使得活塞向上移动，燃烧气体通过开放的排气阀排出。然后，就在活塞到达最高点时，排气阀关闭和进阀门打开。由于活塞在汽缸内达到最高点，开始再次回落。因此，一个周期结束，另一个立即开始。2.1.4EngineOverallMechanics引擎的整体力学Theenginehashundredsofotherparts.Themajorpartsofengineareengineblock,engineheads,pistons,connectingrods,crankshaftandvalves.Theotherpartsarejoinedtomakesystems.Thesesystemsarethefuelsystem,intakesystem,ignitionsystem,coolingsystem,lubrica