北师大版初二(上)英语第4讲：unit-2-语法篇(教师版)

Unit2语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________理解并掌握情态动词can,must,和haveto的用法情态动词can,must和haveto都是情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和态度。1.can的用法can没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为cannot，可缩写为can’t。can的过去式是could，用于一般过去时的句子中。Can的主要用法：表示许可，意为“可以”。例如：Youcandoittomorrow.你可以明天做。Youcan’tgonow.现在你不能走。表示请求（对方）许可，意为“能，可以”，一般用于句型“CanI/we…?”，肯定回答一般为“Yes,youcan.”，否定回答一般为“Sorry,youcan’t.”。例如：Canweleavenow?我们现在可以走了吗？Yes,youcan.是的，可以。表示能力，意为“能，会”，具体指体力或脑力方面的能力。例如：Icanplaybasketball.我会打篮球。Canyousingwell?你唱歌唱得好吗？2.must和haveto的用法must和haveto都表示“必须”，其用法和区别如下：must必须表示主观看法没有人称、时态和数的变化只用于一般现在时，可表示现在或将来mustn’t表示“禁止”；一定不要haveto必须；不得不表示客观要求有人称、时态、数的变化可用于多种时态，可表示过去、现在或将来don’thaveto表示“不必”例如：Wemuststudyhard.我们必须努力学习。Ihadtoborrowsomemoneyfrommyeldersister.我不得不向姐姐借了一些钱。Youmustn’ttellheraboutit.你绝对不要告诉她这件事。3.need的用法(1)need作为情态动词时，后面必须跟动词原形。无人称、数和时态的变化，常用于否定句和疑问句中。例如：Youneedn’tgothisweek.这周你不必去。由need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答一般用needn’t。例如：NeedIcome?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.(2)need作为实义动词，有人称、数和时态的变化（在变为否定句和疑问句时需借助于助动词）当主语是人时，后可接名词和动词不定式，即：needsth./needtodosth.，例如：Heneedssomehelp.他需要一些帮助。It’scoldoutside.Youneedtowearmoreclothes.外面很冷，你需要多穿点衣服。need后跟不定式且用于否定句中时，表示“不必”，指没义务或没必要做某事。例如：Youdon’tneedtodoitatonce.你不必马上做那件事情。当主语为物时，后接名词或v-ing。例如：Theflowersneedwater.这些花需要水。Theflowersneedwatering.这些花需要浇水。注意：1.以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。例如：MustIgowiththem?我必须跟他们走吗？Yes,youmust.是的，你必须去。/No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.不，没必要。2.haveto不能直接构成否定句或疑问句，而是要借助于助动词。例如：Youdon’thavetogetupearly.你不必早起。Doesshehavetowashtheclothesnow?现在她必须洗衣服吗？1.Children_______sitinthefrontseatofacar.It’stoodangerous.A.needB.needn’tC.must D.mustn’t2.I________followyou.Wouldyoupleaserepeatit?A.can’tB.don’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t3.We________paytogetintotheconcert.It’sfree.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mightnotD.don’thaveto4._______youcomewithmetoLangLang’spianoconcertthisevening?I’dloveto,butIhavetostudyformymathtest.A.Should

B.May

C.Must

D.Can5.Excuseme,mayIkeepthebookalittlelonger?Sorry.You_____returnittoday.A.must

B.mustn’t

C.can

D.can’t6.Look,someoneleftabook.Oh,yeah…Thisbook_______beKitty’s.Onlyshelikestoreadthiskindofbooks.A.canB.mustC.mayD.might7.Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?Yes,you_______.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need8.Mr.Wang,canIfinishmyhomeworktomorrow?Sorry,you_________.A.can’tB.don’tC.needn’tD.won’t解析：1.mustn’t表示“禁止”。题意为“儿童禁止坐在汽车的前排座位，太危险了”。故选D。2.can’t意为“不能”，题意为“我不能跟上你。你能重复一次吗？”故选A。3.don’thaveto表示“不必，不需要”，题意为“去音乐会不需要为我们付款，它是免费的。”故选D。4.can表示请求对方许可，意为“能，可以”。题意为“—今天晚上能和我一起去朗朗的钢琴音乐会吗？—我想去，但是我得为数学考试做准备。”故选D。5.must表示“必须”。题意为“我能再多借几天吗？抱歉，你必须今天把书还回来”故选A。6.由下句的“Onlyshelikestoreadthiskindofbooks”，可知此处需用must表示肯定的推测，题意为“—看！有人落下一本书。—这本书一定是Kitty的，只有她喜欢这类书。”故选B。7.haveto意为“必须，不得不”，故答语需要must，题意为“—我们必须今天下午完成作业吗？—是的，你们必须完成。”故选A。8.can’t表示“不能”，can引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用can’t，意为“—王老师，我可以明天写作业吗？—对不起，你不能”，故选A。答案：1-5DADDA6-8BAA基础演练一、用can,can’t,must,mustn’t,haveto填空1.Mary__________playamusicalinstrumentverywell.2.Youcan’tplaybasketballintheclassroom,you_______playitintheplayground.3.Whereismywatch.Ican’tfindit.Don’tworry.It______besomewhereinyourroom.4.You_______cleantheroomrightnow;youcandoittomorrow.5.You______tellanyone.It’sasecret.6.I’mnotworkingtomorrow,soI_______getupearly.7.Tomcan’tcomeout,he________dohishomework.8.You_______smokehere.9.You_______drivefastnearaschool.10.Thatwoman_______beLiLei’smother.Iknowher.二、单项选择1.________Idothelaundryfirst?No,you________.Youcandoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Must;mustn’t B.Can;mustn’t C.Must;needn’tD.May;needn’t2.CanIgotothepark,Mum?Certainly.Butyou________bebackbysixo’clock.A.can

B.may

C.might

D.must3.Theman______bemyEnglishteacher.Idon’tknowhim.A.mightB.mustC.can’tD.Haveto4.Hi,guy!You______notparkyourcarhere.It’sforourcustomersonly.A.need B.may C.will D.can5.You_______beexcitedthatyou’regoingbacktoyourhometownsoon.Yes,Ican’twaitanylonger.A.shallB.canC.needD.must巩固提高一、根据中文提示完成句子你可以用木材，但不可以用塑料。You_____________________,butyou__________useplastic.2.你必须在老师和同学面前测试它。You_________testit_____________________yourteacherandyourclassmates.当我们在图书馆时，不能大声喧哗。Whenweareinthelibrary,we_________________shout.我们不得不每天穿校服。We______________________schooluniformseveryday.你必须现在回家吗？________you______________now?你现在不必做作业，你可以明天做。You________________doyourhomeworknow,you__________doittomorrow.我们不可以那样跟老师说话。We_________________________ourteacherlikethat.你可以借我的书，但必须按时归还。You__________________mybook,butyou______________it_____________.你认为学生可以在课堂上睡觉吗？Doyouthinkstudents_______________________________________________?你可以用木材、纸张，但一定不要用其他的东西。You________use_______and_______,butyou_______use_______________.二、翻译1.我哥哥花了两周教我弹吉他。____________________________________________________________________2.我们通常晚饭后散步。____________________________________________________________________3.孩子们一个接一个地下了公交车。____________________________________________________________________4.我认为Tony不会讲汉语。____________________________________________________________________5.准时是很重要的。____________________________________________________________________答案基础演练一、用can,can’t,must,mustn’t,haveto填空1.can2.can3.must4.Don’thaveto5.mustn’t6.don’thaveto7.hasto8.can’t9.mustn’t10.must二、单项选择1-5CDCDD巩固提高一、根据中文提示完成句子1.canusewood;can’t2.must;infrontof3.mustn’t4.haveto5.Must;gohome6.don’thaveto;can7.mustn’tspeakto8.borrow;must;ontime9.cansleepinclass10.can;wood;paper;can’t;otherthings二、翻译1.Ittookmybrothertwoweekstoteachmetoplaytheguitar.2.Weusuallytakeawalkaftersupper.3.Thechildrengotoffthebusonebyone.4.Idon’tthinkTonycanspeakChinese.5.Itisimportanttobeontime.一、单项选择1.People__________alwaysbecarefulwithfire,oritcanbedangerous.A.canB.needn’tC.mustD.shouldn’t2.Itrainedheavily,sowe_______stayathomewatchingTV.A.couldB.hadtoC.mustD.haveto3.Readingeverydaycanmakeyou_________.A.becameasuperstarB.gettingcleverC.tohavefunD.feelgood4.Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.IsitJane?No,it______beher.Sheisatschoolnow.A.maynotB.mustn’tC.can’tD.won’t5.______nicetheicecreamlooks!Ican’twaittotasteit.A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What6.Look!Theyarestillworkingon___________theproblem.A.solveB.solvedC.solvingD.tosolve7.ThestoryofYuGongis________.I’m____________init.A.interesting;interesting B.interest;interesting C.interesting;interestedD.interest;interested8.Theydidn’tgotobed________theyfinishedtheirhomework.A.untilB.afterC.whenD.assoonas9.Accordingtothenewtrafficlaw,everyoneinacar_______weartheseatbelt.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will10.Ourteacheroftenasksus________questionsingroups.A.discussB.todiscussC.discussingD.discussed二、完形填空TheReadfamilycomestoanewbigcity,butMrs.Read’sson,Bob,isnothappy.Hedoesn’thaveanyonetoplaywith.“Don’t1!”sayshismother,“Youwillsoonmakefriendshere.”Onemorning,thereisa2atthedoor.Bob’smother,Mrs.Read,opensit.Therestandsawomanwithbrownhair.ItisMrs.Miller.Shecomestoborrowsome3.Shewantsto4cakes.Mrs.Readgiveshertwo.Intheafternoon,thereisanotherknockatthedoor.Mrs.Readopensitandseesaboy5there.“MynameisJackMiller,”hesays,“Mymothersendsyouthiscakeandthetwoeggs.”“Well,thankyou,Jack.”SaysMrs.Read,“6andmeetmysonBob.”Look!BobandJackarehavingcakeandmilk.Theyareplayingfootball.Nowtheyare7!Jacksays,“I’mgladyoulivenextdoor.”Bobsays,“Imustthankyourmotherforcomingto8eggs.”JacklaughsandtellsBob,“Mymotherdoesn’twantthetwoeggs,butshewantstomakefriends9yourmother.”Bobsays,“That’safunnywaytomakefriends.It’sa(n)10way,too.Itcanwork!”Onlyifyou’rewillingtomakefriendscanyoualwaysfindsomeways.1.A.worry B.frighten C.exciteD.interest2.A.shout B.cry C.knock D.bark3.A.cakes B.desks C.milk D.eggs4.A.cookB.pay C.ask D.make5.A.lifting B.sitting C.standing D.lying6.A.Comein B.Goaway C.Getout D.Turnaround7.A.classmates B.enemies C.friends D.brothers8.A.lend B.borrowC.give D.take9.A.into B.to C.afterD.with10.A.easyB.difficult C.foolish D.bad答案 单项选择1-5CBDCB 6-10CCACB完形填空1-5ACDDC 6-10ACBDA__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1.Thereis______wrongwiththiscomputer.Itdoesn’twork.A.something

B.anything

C.everything

D.nothing2.______youhelpmemendtheradio?Yes,Ican.A.May

B.Might

C.Must

D.Can3.Whichcolourdoyoulike_______,blueorgreen?Blue.A.good

B.better

C.best

D.thebest4.Tomisagoodboyandhewrites_________inhisclass.A.careful

B.themostcareful

C.carefully

D.themostcarefully5.IsMikeathome?No.He_______withhisbrother.A.swims

B.wasswimming

C.isswimming

D.swam(附：单选1-5,

2014-2015北京市东城区（南片）八年级上学期期末考试英语试卷)二、阅读理解AStudyingingroupsisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinclass.Ithasmanyadvantages.Forexample,wecannotonlysavetimebutalsoencourageeachotherwhenwestudyingroups.IstillrememberwhenIwasinGrade8,myphysicswasverypoor.Ihadareallyhardtimewithit.Onceinclass,theteachersaskedustodiscussitwitheachother,butIwasveryshy,Icouldnotdoitlikewhattheytoldme.Myphysicsteacherencouragedmetofaceothersandtalkwithsomeoneelsebravely.ThenIstudiedwithsomeclassmatestogether.WhenIdidnotunderstandanyquestions,theycouldgivemesomeadvice,Icouldquicklyfindoutthewaystodealwiththeproblems.Afterthat,Ifeltveryrelaxedandaskedmyclassmatesalotofquestionsaboutphysics.Ididnotfeelstressedoutatall.Atlast,Ifinishedmyhomeworkbymyselfforthefirsttime.HowexcitedIwas!

Becauseofstudyingingroups,Iamnotworriedaboutphysicsanymore.Withmyclassmates’help,Igetmoreconfidence.Italsogivesmemorechancestoimprovemyselfinmanyways.Solet’sstudymoreingroups.1.______waspoorforthewriterinGrade8.A.EnglishB.PhysicsC.MathsD.Geography2.Whycouldtheauthornotdoitlikewhattheytoldher?A.Becauseshewasveryshy.

B.Becauseshewasafraid.

C.Becauseshecouldnotknowhowtodoit.D.Becauseshecouldnotknowwhattodo3.Theunderlinedword“poor”inthepassagemeans________.

A.

穷的B.差的C.

稀少的D.可怜的4.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGinthisarticle?

A.Ifeltrelaxedafterstudyingingroups.

B.Wecansavetimeandencourageeachotherwhenstudyingingroups.

C.IwasexcitedbecauseIcouldfinishmyhomeworkaloneatlast.

D.Iamstillworryingaboutphysicsbecauseofstudyingwithmyclassmates.5.Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A.TostudyingroupsB.TodohomeworkingroupsC.TostudyaloneD.TodohomeworkaloneBSummerCampsforChildrenZEM,EducationLanguageSummerCampAges:8-14Youcancometothis2-weekcamptolearnSpanishinagoodenvironment.Thereyoucantakepartinlotsofactivities,suchascamping,swimmingandmountain-bikingwithSpanishchildren.AngliaSummerSchoolAges:8-19Oursummerschoolissomethingspecial.Youcanlearnaboutstagework,suchasacting,singinganddancing.Aswellasimprovingtheseskillsyouwillalsobeabletolearnaboutteamwork.ScienceCampAges:4-14Ourcampprovidesthechanceforchildrentomakediscoveries.Itisnotonlyforfunbutalsoeducational.Thiscamphasmanyactivitiesinareassuchaschemistry,nature,andtechnology.Youcanalsodoplentyofexcitingscienceexperimentshere.ARockStarCampAges:8-16Thiscampisperfectforcreatingsuperstars.Wearereadytodiscoverandtrainmusicalchildrenwhowanttobecomesuperstars.6.HowmanydaysdoestheLanguageSummerCamplast?A.7days B.10daysC.14daysD.15days7.WhichofthefollowingcannotyoulearninAngliaSummerSchool?A. Acting B.SingingC.Dancing D.Camping8.Peterisveryinterestedinanimals.Whichsummercampdoyouthinkheshouldtakepartin?A.ARockStarCamp B.AngliaSummerSchoolC.ScienceCamp D.ZEM,EducationLanguageSummerCamp9.Ifyouarefifteenyearsoldthisyear,howmanysummercampscanyoutakepartin?A.One

B.TwoC.ThreeD.Four10.Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inabookaboutchildren’seducation

B.Onposteraboutsummeractivitiesforchildren

C.Inamagazineaboutsuperstars

D.OnawebsiteaboutschoolsforchildrenCWhenIwassevenyearsold,myfamilymademeanantfarm.First,weputcleansandinathinglassbox.Thenwewaitedfortheantstoarrive.Aftertheantswereintheglassfarm,theystartedtomaketunnels(隧道).Iwasamazedthateachoneknewexactlywhattodo.Eachhaditsownjob.Onthefifthdayatragedyhappened.IputmyfacesoclosetotheglassfarmthatIknockeditover.Allthetunnelsfelldown.Althoughtheantsremainedaliveaftertheirearthquake,onebyonetheybegantodie.IwasscaredasIwatchedthemgiveupbuildingtheirtunnelstocarrythebodiestoacornerofthefarm.Mymothersaidthattheantsweredyingofsadness.Theysimplycouldnotstandthattheirtunnelsweregone.Although