生物化学专业术语中英文对照手册

绪论(prelude)

生物化学biochemistry激素hormone

无机离子inorganic核甘酸nucleotide

生物分子biomolecular氨基酸aminoacid

糖carbohydrate葡萄糖glucose

脂lipid单糖monosaccharide

核酸nucleicacid双糖disaccharide

蛋白质protein脂肪酸fattyacid

维生素vitamin克隆技术cloning

酶enzyme克隆clone

辅酶coenzyme

糖类(carbohydrate)

糖carbohydrate/saccharide三糖trisaccharide

糖生物学glycobiology多糖polysaccharide

醛糖aldose复合糖compoud/complexsaccharide

酮糖ketose链状构造chainstructure

单糖monosaccharide构型configuration

寡/低聚糖oligosaccharide构象conformation

二糖disaccharide异构isomerism

对映体enanthiomer糖睬osazone/phenylosazone

果糖fructose糠醛furfural

半乳糖galactose意酮anthrone

甘露糖mannoseN-乙酰葡糖胺NAG

环状构造ringstructureN-乙酰-胞壁酸NAM

异头物anomer蔗糖sucrose

不对称碳原子asymmetriccarbonatom麦芽糖maltose

投影式Fischer式乳糖lactose

透视式Haworth式淀粉starch

椅式构象chainform糖原glycogen

船式构象boatform纤维素cellulose

旋光性opticalactivity壳多糖（几丁质）chitin

比旋光度specificrotation琼脂agar

变旋性inutarotation支链淀粉amylopectin

甜度sweetness直链淀粉amylose

半缩醛hemiacetal肽聚糖peptidoglycan

醛糖酸aldonicacid粘肽mucopeptide

还原糖reducingsugar氨基糖肽glycoaminopeptide

醛糖二酸aldaricacid磷壁酸teichoicacid

糖醛酸uronicacid软骨素4■或6-硫chondroitin4-or

糖昔glycoside6-sulfate,CS

月旨多糖lipopolysaccharide糖胺聚糖/粘多糖

糖蛋白glycoproteinglycosaminoglycan/mucopolysacchai,ide

透明质酸hyaluronicacid,HA胞壁酸muramicacid

肝素heparin,HP神经氨酸neuraminicacid

蛋白聚糖proteoglycan淀粉酶amylase

硫酸皮肤素dermatansulfate,DS糊精odextrin

硫酸角质素keratansulfate,KS磷酸化酶phosphrylase

关键蛋白coreprotein糖肽键glycopeptidelinkag

连接蛋白linkprotein

脂质（lipid）

单脂simplelipid离子型去污剂（乳化剂）ionicdetergent

复脂compoundlipid三脂triester

衍生脂质derivedlipid廿油glycerol

脂肪酸fattyacid,FASn命名法StereospecificNumbering

饱和脂肪酸saturatedFA酰基甘油acylglycerol

不饱和脂肪unsaturatedFA三酰甘油triacylglycerol,TG

单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturatedFA甘油三脂triglyceride

多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsaturatedFA命名法nomenclature

乳化emulsification乙酰（化）值/价acetylationvalue

微团micelle酸值/酸价acidvalue

力口成反应additionreaction糖脂glucolipid/glycolipin

碘值/碘价iodinenumberorvalue鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid

皂化值saponificationvalue必需脂肪酸essentialfattyacid

磷脂phospholipid蜡wax

甘油磷酯glycerophospholipid过氧化作用peroxidation

微囊vesicle磷脂酰胆碱/卵磷脂lecithin

磷脂酶phospholipase磷脂酰乙醇胺/脑磷脂cephalin

磷酸甘油脂phosphoglyceride双磷脂酰甘油/心磷脂cardiolipin

鞘氨醇sphingosine帮terpene

鞘（氨醇）磷脂sphingomyelin类固醇/备醇steroid

神经酰胺ceramide胆固醇cholesterol

鞘磷脂sphingomyelin

蛋白质(protein)化学

蛋白质protein,pr嗜热菌蛋白酶themolysin

蛋白水解酶proteolyticenzyme氨基酸aminoacid,AA

蛋白酶proteinase等电点isoelectricpoint,pl

胰蛋白酶trypsin原贝氨基酸standardaminoacid

糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin甘氨酸glycine,Gly,G

胃蛋白酶pepsin丙氨酸alanine,Ala,A

缴氨酸valine,Vai,V酪氨酸tyrosine,Tyr,Y

亮氨酸lucine,Leu,L2,4一二硝基氟苯DNFB

异亮氨酸isoleucine,He,I苯异硫氟酸酯PITC

丝氨酸serine,Ser,S苯硫乙内酰胭AAPTH-AA

苏氨酸threonine,Thr,T苯氨基硫甲酰AAPTC-AA

半胱氨酸cysteine,Cys,C坂口反应Sakaguchi反应

甲硫/蛋氨酸methionine,Met,M乙醛酸反应Hopking-Cole反应

谷氨酸glutamicacid,Glu,E肽键peptidebond

谷氨酰胺glutamine,Gin,Q二硫硝基苯甲酸DTNB（Ellman试齐lj）

天冬氨酸asparticacid,Asp,D谷胱甘肽（GSH,Glu-Cys-Gly）

天冬酰胺asparagine,Asn,N肽（链）peptidechain

赖氨酸lysine,Lys,K酚试剂反应Folin-Cioculteu反应

精氨酸arginine,Arg,R氨肽酶aminopeptidase

组氨酸histidine,His,H竣肽酶carboxypeptidase

脯氨酸proline,Pro,P真正单键puresinglebond

苯丙氨酸phenylalanine,Phe,F二面角dihedralangle

色氨酸tryptophan,Trp,W帽化capping

部分双键的J性质partialdouble-bond肌红蛋白myoglobin,Mb

character

对称性symmetry

一级构造primarystructure

超二级构造（花式）Super-secondary

二级构造secondarystructurestructure

三级构造tertiarystructure肽链peptidechain

四级构造quaternarystructure多肽polypeptide

二级构造元件secondarystructrue活性肽activepeptide

element

a-角蛋白a-keratin

螺旋helix

丝心蛋白fibroin

a-螺旋a-Helix

胶原蛋白collagen

氢键hydrogenbond

血红蛋白hemoglobin,Hb

疏水作用hydrophobicinteraction

别构作用allostericinteraction

范德华力vanderWaalsforce

别构效应allostericeffect

B-折叠B-pleatedsheet

别构蛋白allostericprotein

亚基/亚单位subunit

协同效应cooperativeeffect

自由回转/无规卷曲randomcoil

二磷酸甘油酸BPG核糖核酸酶

构造域structuraldomainribonuclease,RNase

次级键（非共价键）noncovalentbondB-转角B-turn（B-弯曲B-bend,B-回

折或发夹构造hairpinstructure)脂锚定蛋白Lipid-anchoredprotein

纸层析filter-paperchromatography变性denaturation

离子互换层析ion-exchangecolumn变性剂denaturationagent

chromatography

十二烷基硫酸钠SDS

简朴/纯蛋白质simpleprotein

复性renaturation

缀合蛋白质conjugatedprotein

珠蛋白globin

纤维状蛋白质fibrousprotein

血红素heme

球状蛋白质globularprotein

紧张态tensestate

二硫键disulfidebond

弛态relaxedstate

对角线电泳diagonalelectrophoresis

镰刀状细胞贫血病sickle-cellanemia

氨基酸残基aminoacidresidues

免疫球蛋白IgG

同源蛋白质homologyprotein

渗透压osmoticpressure

二面角dihedralangle

沉降系数sedimentationcoefficient

螺旋帽化helixcapping

沉降系数单位Svedbergunit,S

肌球蛋白myosin

凝胶过滤gelfiltration

膜周围蛋白peripheralprotein

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶ployacrylamidegel

膜内在蛋白antegralprotein

水化层hydrationmantle

亲水胶体hydrophiliccolloid盐析saltingout

双电层electricdoublelayer电泳electrophoresis

纯化purification聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳ployacrylamide

gelelectrophoresis

分离isolation

毛细管电泳capillaryelectrophoresis

透析dialysis

等电聚焦isoelectricfocusing

密度梯度densitygradient

亲和层析affinitychromatography

盐溶saltingin

酶(enzyme)化学

生物催化剂biocatalyst多酶复合体multienzymesystem

底物substrate寡聚酶oligomericenzyme

单纯酶simpleenzyme单体酶monomericenzyme

结合酶conjugatedenzyme习惯命名法recommendedname

全酶holienzyme国际系统命名法systematicname

辅因子cofactor酶的1专一性/特异性enzymespecificity

辅酶coenzyme诱导契合学说induced-fithypothesis

辅基prostheticgroup氧化还原酶oxidoreductases

金属离子metalion转移酶transferases

水解酶hydrolases必需基团essentialgroup

裂合酶lyase克制剂inhibitor

异构酶isomerases激活齐llactivator

合成/连接酶ligases效应物effector

酶促反应enzymaticreaction别构酶allostericenzyme

酶活力enzymeactivity别构调整allostericregulation

比活力specificactivity同促效应homotropiceffect

核酶ribozyme异促效应heterotropiceffect

抗体酶abzyme天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶ATCase

酶工程enzymeengineering酶原zymogen

固体化酶immobilizedenzyme酶单位enzymeunit

酶促反应动力学kineticsof同工酶isoenzyme

enzyme-catalyzedreactions

共价调整（修饰）酶covalentregulatory

双倒数作图法Lineweaver-Burk作图法enzyme

最适温度optimumtemperature,Tm乳酸脱氢酶LDH

最适pHoptimumpH可逆代I共价修饰reversiblecovalent

modification

活性部位activesite

维生素(vitamin)与辅酶(coenzyme)

视紫红质visualpuiple转钙化蛋白DBP

视黄醇retinol维生素62(VB2)/核黄素riboflavin

B-胡萝卜素B-carotine黄素单核甘酸FMN,flavin

mononucleotide

夜盲症nyctalopia

黄素腺喋吟二核甘酸FAD,flavin

视黄醛retinene

adeninedinucleotid

胆钙化醇（VitaminD3）cholecalciferol

泛酸,VB3(遍多酸)pantothenicacid

VE（生育酚/抗不育维生素）tocopherol

辅酶ACoA-SH,coenzymeA

麦角钙化醇（VitaminD2）ergotcalciferol

酰基载体蛋白ACP,acylcarrierprotein

凝血维生素VitaminK

维生素B6(毗哆素)VitaminB6

抗神经炎/脚气病维生素，硫胺

毗哆醇pyridoxine

（素）VitaminBi

口比哆醛pyridoxal

抗癞皮病维生素VitaminPP

毗哆胺pyridoxamine

硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine

pyrophosphate,TPP磷酸口比哆醛PLP,pyridoxal-5-phosphate

尼克酸（烟酸）nicotinicacid醛亚胺Schiff碱

尼克酰胺（烟酰胺）nicotinamide维生素B12（钻胺素）cobalamine

维生素B7/H（生物素）biotin尼克酰胺腺噤吟二核甘酸（辅酶

I)nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide,

叶酸folicacid

NAD+

四氢叶酸(辅酶F)FH4/COF/THF,

尼克酰胺腺喋吟二核甘酸磷酸(辅酶

tetrahydrofblate

II)nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide

硫辛酸lipoicacid

phosphate,NADP+

维生素C(抗坏血酸)ascorbicacid

核酸(nucleicacid)化学

DNA序列分析DNASequencing核不均一RNAhnRNA

脱氧核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleicacid,核内小RNAsnRNA

DNA

原核生物prokaryote

核糖核酸Ribonucleicacid,RNA

真核生物eukaryote

信使RNA(mRNA)messengerRNA

人类基因组计划HumanGeneProject

转运RNA(tRNA)transferRNA

质粒plasmid

核糖体RNA(rRNA)ribosomeRNA

染色体chromosome

小RNAsRNA

染色质chromatin

反义RNAasRNA

一磷酸腺甘（腺一磷）AMP,adenosine

胞质小RNAscRNAmonophosphate

二磷酸腺甘（腺二磷）ADP,adenosine鸟喋吟guanine,G

diphosphate

胞喀cytosine,C

三磷酸腺昔（腺三磷）ATP,adenosine

胸腺喀咤thymine,T

triphosphate

尿喀咤uracil,U

复制replication

二氢尿喀咤DHU

转录transcription

315,一环化鸟甘酸cGMP

翻译translation

315，一环化腺昔酸cAMP

逆转录reservetranscription

顺反子cistron

核苜酸nucleotide

假尿喘吸核昔pseudouridine

核甘nucleoside

DNA双螺旋构造DNAdouble-helical

磷酸phosphate

structure

碱基ae

bs碱基对basepair,bp

口票吟碱purinebase

氢键hydrogenbond

喀喔碱pyrimidinebase

碱基堆积basestacking

戊糖amylsugar

组蛋白histone

核糖

ribose核小体nucleosome

脱氧核糖deoxyribose

纤维fiber

腺喋吟adenine,A

突环loop反密码子环anticodonloop

玫瑰花结rosette可变环(额外环)extraloop

染色单体chromatid核糖核酸酶ribonuclease,RNase

螺管/螺线圈coil牛胰核糖核酸酶RNasel

氨基酸臂aminoacidarm脱氧核糖核酸酶deoxyribonuclease,

DNase

D环（二氢尿嚓咤环）diphydrouracil

loop

牛胰脱氧核糖核酸酶DNasel复性reassociation

牛脾脱氧核糖核酸酶DNaseII杂交hybridization

熔解温度meltingtemperature,Tm原位杂交hybridizationinsitu

变性denaturation

激素(hormone)

激素hormone促卵泡激素folliclestimulating

hormone

生长激素growthhormone

脂肪酸释放激素即otropin

促甲状腺激素thyrotropichormone

催产素oxytocin

催乳激素luteotropic

力口压素vasopressin

促黄体生长激素luteinizinghormone

促黑素细胞激素gonadoreopin

malanophore-stimulatinghormone

耻骨松弛激素relaxin

胸腺素thymosin

瘦素leptin

甲状腺激素thyroxine

皮质酮corticosterone

三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine

肾上腺雄酮androstenedione

降钙素calcitonin

孕酮progesterone

甲状旁腺激素parathormone

原激素prohormone

肾上腺素adrenaline

甲状腺过氧化物酶thyroidperoxidase

去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline

抗利尿激素antidiuretichormone

胰高血糖素glucagon

睾酮testosterone

胰岛素insulin

雄酮androsterone

促肠液激素enterocrinin

钙调蛋白calmodulin

肠促胰液素secretin

钙传感器calciumsensors

肠抑胃素enterogastrone

磷脂酰肌醇phophatidylinositol

促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic

靶蛋白质targetprotein

hormone

癌基因oncogenes

促甲酸激素gastrin

植物生长素auxin

绒毛膜粗性腺激素chorionic

赤霉素gibberellin脱落酸abscisicacid

细胞分裂素cytokinin性外激素sexpheromone

保幼激素juvenilehormone蜕皮激素moltinghormone

激动素kinetin

生物膜(biomembrane)Btl构成与构造

间体mesosome半乳糖脑普脂galactocerebroside

区域化compartmentation去垢剂detergent

鞘氨醇sphingosine微团micelle

鞘磷脂sphingomyelin非双层脂non-bilayerlipid

神经酰胺ceramide非双层脂构造non-bilayerlipid

structure

磷脂酸phosphatidicacid,PA

磷脂酰乙醇胺

多态性polymorphism

phosphatidylethanolamine,PE

双层bilayer

磷脂酰胆碱phosphatidylcholine,PC

溶血磷脂lysophospholipid

磷脂酰甘油phosphatidylglycerol,PG

两亲性分子amphipathicmolecule

磷脂酰丝氨酸phosphatidylserine,PS

核磁共振NMR

膜骨架membraneskeleton

脂质体liposome

血影蛋白spectrin胞吐exocytosis

糖蛋白glycoprotein偏转gauche

豆蔻酸myristicacid全反式alltrans

乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase分相phaseseparation

蛋白质复合物glycocalyx荧光素fluorescein

细胞外壳cellcoat肌动蛋白actin

单葡萄糖甘油二脂单位膜unitmembrance

monoglucsyldiglyceride,MGDG

微区domain

运动性mobility

糖基磷脂酰肌醇

胞吞/内吞endocytosisglycosylphosphatidylinositol,GPI

心磷脂(双磷脂酰甘油)cardiolipin(diphosphatidylglycerol)

光致漂白荧光恢复法FluorescencePhotobleachingRecovery,FPR

生物氧化(BiologicalOxidation)

肌酸激酶Creatinekinase呼吸链respiratorychain

磷酸肌酸CreatinephosphofateNADH-Q还原酶NADH-Qreductase

生物氧化BiologicalOxidation琥珀酸-Q还原酶succinate-Qreductase

氧化磷酸化oxidativephosphorylation细胞还原酶cytochromereductase

细胞色素氧化酶cytochromeoxidase酰基腺甘酸acyladenylate

鱼藤酮rotenone氨酰腺甘酸aminoacyladenylate

ATP合酶ATPsynthase焦磷酸Pyrophosphate

电动势electromotiveforce二磷酸腺首adenosinediphosphate

安密妥amytal磷酸烯醇式丙酮phosphoenolpyruvate

解偶联剂uncouplers酰基辅酶AacylcoenzymeA

超氧化物歧化酶superoxidedismutase果糖-6-磷酸fructose6-phosphate

过氧化氢酶catalase辅酶Qcoenzyme-Q

过氧化物酶peroxidase腺昔三磷酸adenosinetriphosphate

高能键high-energybond磷酸精氨酸phosphoarginine

乙酰磷酸acetylphosphate甘油-3磷酸glycerol3-Phosphate

1,3-2磷酸甘油1,3-bisphosphoglycerate腺甘酸激酶adenylatekinase

氨甲酰磷酸carbamylphosphate

糖代谢(glycometabolism)

糖酵解glycolysis/EmbdenMeyerhof

Parnas闹糖6磷酸内酯

6-phosphogluconolactone

葡糖-6■磷酸glucosamine-6-phosphate

内酯酶lactonase磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglycerate

kinase

核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose-5-diphophate

磷酸甘油酸变位酶

葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶6-phosphogluconate

phosphoglyceromutase

dehydrogenase

烯醇化酶enolase

葡糖酸-6-磷酸6-phosphogluconate

丙酮酸激酶pyruvatekinase

脱支酶debranchingenzyme

乳酸脱氢酶lactatedehydrogenase

糖原合酶glycogensynthase

丙酮酸脱竣酶pyruvatedecaboxylase

糖原引物primer

乙醇脱氢酶alcoholdehydrogenase

发酵fermentation

二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone

己糖激酶hexokinase

phosphate

醛缩酶aldolase

甘油醛-3・磷酸

尿昔二磷酸葡萄糖(uridine

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

diphosphateglucose,UDPG)

3-磷酸甘油酸3-phosphoglycerate

磷酸葡萄糖异构酶glucosephosphate

丙酮酸pyruvate

isomerase

果糖・2,6.二磷酸

磷酸果糖激酶phosphofructokinase

fructose2,6-bisphosphate

磷酸丙糖异构酶

五碳糖磷酸途径pentosephosphate

triosephosphofructokinase

pathwaytransacetylase

果糖激酶fructokinase二氢硫辛酸脱氢酶dihydrolipoyl

dehydrogenase

果糖-1-磷酸醛缩酶

fructose-1-phosphatealdolase柠檬酸合酶citratesynthase

廿油醛激酶glyceraldehydekinase乌头酸酶aconitase

甘油激酶glycerolkinase异柠檬酸脱氢酶isocitrate

dehydrogenase

半乳糖galactose

琥珀酰-CoA合成酶succinyl-CoA

半乳糖激酶galactolinase

synthetase

半乳糖出醇galactitol

琥珀酸脱氢酶succinatedehydrogenase

丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体

延胡索酸酶fumarase

pyruvatedehydrogenasecomplex

苹果酸脱氢酶malatedehydrogenase

磷酸甘露糖异构酶phosphomannose

isomerase草酰乙酸oxaloacetate

硫胺素焦磷酸thiaminepyrophosphate异柠檬酸裂解酶isocitatelyase

硫辛酰胺lipoamide丙酮酸竣化酶pyruvatecarboxylase

黄素腺喋吟二核昔酸flavinadenine戊糖磷酸途径pentosephosphate

dinucleotidepathway

二氢硫辛酰转乙酰基酶dihydrolipoyl己糖单磷酸途径hexose

monophosphatepathway乙醛酸途径glyoxylatepathway

戊糖磷酸循环pentosephosphatecycle异柠檬酸裂合酶isocitratelyase

磷酸戊糖酸phosphopentonicacid苹果酸合酶malatesynthase

磷酸己糖酸phosphohexonicacid糖原时降解glycogenbreakdown

景天庚酮糖sedoheptulose糖原磷酸化酶glycogenphosphorylase

核糖ribose糖原脱支酶glycogendebranching

enzyme

脱氧核糖deoxyribose

磷酸葡萄糖变位酶

核酮糖ribulose

phosphoglucomutase

磷酸葡糖酸氧化途径phosphogluconate

糖原合酶glycogensynthase

oxidativepathway

糖原分支酶glycogenbranchingenzyme

核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose-5-phosphate

丙酮酸脱氢酶组分pyruvate

核糖-5-磷酸ribose-5-phosphate

dehydrogenasecomponent

木酮糖-5-磷酸xylulose-5-phosphate

磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glyceraldehyde

转醛前transaldolase

phosphatedehydrogenase

葡糖异生gluconeogenesis

a-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体

UDP-葡糖焦磷酸化酶UDP-glucose

a-ketoglutaratedehydrogenasecomplex

pyrophosphorylase

脂代谢(lipometabolism)

硫酯键thioesterlink氧化oxidation

脂酰辅酶A合酶acyl-CoA水合hydration

脂肪酸硫激酶1fattyacidthiokinase断裂cleavage

脂酰腺甘酸混合酸酎acyladenylate硫激酶thiokinase

mixedandydride

脂酰-CoA合酶acylCoAsynthase

无机焦磷酸酶inorganic

烯酰-CoA水合酶enoylCoAhydratase

pyrophosphatase

[3-酮硫解酶P-keto-thiolase

肉碱carnitine

电子传递黄素蛋白electron-transfer

肉碱■脂酰转移酶Icaunitine

flavoprotein

acyltransferasel

泛酉昆氧化还原酶ubiquinone

肉碱移位酶carnitinetranslocase

oxidoreductase

N-苯乙酰甘氨酸phenylaceturicacid

烯酰・CoA异构酶isomerase

N-苯甲酰甘氨酸hippuricacid

甲基丙二酰-CoA消旋酶

P-羟酰-ACP脱水酶methylmalonyl-CoAracemase

p-hydrdoxyacyl-ACPdehydrase

甲基丙二酰-CoA变位酶

P-氧化p-oxidationmethylmalonyl-CoAmutase

活化activation单力口氧酶monooxygenase

酮体ketonebody脱水dehydration

乙酰乙酸acetoacetate烯酰-ACP还原酶enyl-ACPreductase

HMG-CoA裂解酶HMG-CoAlyase软脂酰-ACP硫酯酶palmitoyl

thioesterase

丙二酰-CoAmalonyl-CoA

脂肪酰・CoA去饱和酶fattyacyl-CoA

生物素竣化酶biotincarboxylase

desaturase

转竣酶transcarboxylase

亚油酸linoleicacid

生物胞素biocytin

亚麻酸linoleuicacid

酰基载体蛋白acylcarrierprotein

必需脂肪酸essentialfattyacid

磷酸泛酉昆筑基乙胺phosphopantetheine

混合功能氧化酶mixed-function

硫辛酰赖氨酸臂lipoyllysinearm

oxidase

软脂酰-ACP硫脂酶palmitoy-ACP

脂酰甘油acylglycerols

thioesterase

甘油・3-磷酸glucerol3-phosphate

P-酮酰-ACP合酶

磷脂酸phosphatidic

P-ACP-ketoacyl-ACPsynthase

甘油磷脂glycerophospholipids

缩合condensation

磷脂酰乙醇胺

还原reduction

phosphatidylethanolamine

P酮酰ACP还原酶p-toacylACP

磷脂酰甘油phosphatidylglycerol

reductase

二磷脂酰甘油diphosphatidylglycerol类固醇steroids

CDP一二脂酰甘油CDP-diacylglycerol类固醇激素steroidhormines

5，-胞苜二磷酸cytidinediphosphate胆汁酸bileacids

尿甘二磷酸uridinediphosphate麦角固醇ergosterol

共底物cosubstrate甲羟戊酸mevalonicacid

二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone蛋白磷酸酶proteinphosphatases

phosphate

三竣酸转运体系tricarboxylate

鞘磷脂sphingolipidstransportsystem

鞘糖脂glycosphingolipidD-供羟丁酸脱氢酶D-P-hudoxybutyrate

dehydogenase

缩醛磷脂plasmalogen

丙二酸单酰-CoA-ACP转酰酶

胆固醇cholesterol

malonyl-CoA-ACPtransacetylase

蛋白质代谢(proteinmetabolism)

细胞溶胶cytosolically泛肽-蛋白连接酶ubiquitin-protein

ligase

组织蛋白酶cathepsins

多胺polyamine

抗蛋白酶antipain

鸟氨酸脱竣酶ornithine

泛肽ubiguitin

decarboxylase

丝氨酸脱氢酶serinedehydrogenase尿素循环ureacycle

色氨酸氧化酶tryptophanoxygenase鸟氨酸ornithine

酪氨酸氨基转移酶tyrosin瓜氨酸citrulline

aminotransferase

精氨酸酶arginase

氨基转移酶aminotrandferase

氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamoyl

氧化脱氨基作用oxidativedeaminatio