一轮复习随堂课件语法专题突破专题六非谓语动词-1

语法专题突破专题六非谓语动词英语2022内容索引核心考点课堂突破专项训练巩固提升核心考点课堂突破[高考感悟]单句填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4_________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearth__________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes_______________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

tofindcomingdecorated4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Theyareeasy________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout_______________(find)thewell-knownpainter.

6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

tocaretofindsurrounding7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive_______________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedby_______________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.

9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanoftheYear”for_______________(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.

toperformnotingbeing

10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplansto_________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,_______________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

12.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_______________(die)earlybyrunning.

13.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong_______________(see)thebenefit.

retirelisteningdyingtosee[考点归纳]考点一

非谓语动词的基本形式

类别基本形式基本形式基本形式基本形式一般式进行式完成式不定式todo;tobedonetobedoingtohavedone;tohavebeendone动词-ing形式doing;beingdone—havingdone;havingbeendone过去分词donedonedone考点二

非谓语动词的用法

作主语作表语作宾语作定语作状语作补语不定式表具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作表具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作1.动词的宾语2.少数介词,如but,except后可跟不定式3.不少形容词后可接不定式1.表将来的动作2.修饰被序数词、最高级或no/all/any/only等限定的词3.用来修饰的词是抽象名词1.表示目的2.表示结果:onlytodo;enoughtodo;so/such...astodo;too...todo3.表示原因或条件表示将来动作

作主语作表语作宾语作定语作状语作补语动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征:①itisnouse/nogood/fun/nicedoing...②thereisnodoing...表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征:①itisnouse/nogood/fun/nicedoing...②thereisnodoing...1.动词的宾语(有些动词只接动词-ing形式)2.介词的宾语3.形容词后跟宾语表示正在进行的和主动的动作(havingdone/havingbeendone不作定语)表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等;一般式表示与主句同时进行;完成式强调发生在主句谓语动词之前表示正在进行

作主语作表语作宾语作定语作状语作补语过去分词

说明主语的状态,或表示被动动作

表示已经完成或被动(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示已经完成)与主句主语之间是被动关系表示被动关系考点三

非谓语动词作宾语

情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto情况情况常用动词两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)need,want,require,deserve(接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)need,want,require,deserve(接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义不同stoptodo(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stopdoing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)goontodo(接着做另外一件事)goondoing(接着做同一件事)trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力做)trydoing(试着去做)meantodo(打算做,企图做)meandoing(意思是,意味着)考点四

非谓语动词作状语

形式类别例句不定式目的、原因、条件、结果Myparentswillbedelightedtoseeyou.(条件)Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.(目的)We’reproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.(原因)动词-ing形式时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况Beingateacher,youshouldhelpyourstudentsineveryway.(原因)Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,makinghiswifeveryangry.(结果)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.(条件)Workingsohard,hefailedagain.(让步)Theyeatusingthefingersoftheirrighthands.(方式)Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.(伴随)形式类别例句过去分词时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.(原因)Whenaskedherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.(时间)Somemedicines,ifwronglytaken,cankillaperson.(条件)Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.(让步)Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse.(方式)Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.(结果)注意以下是独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如:considering...(鉴于/考虑到……);generally

speaking(一般来说);judging

by/from...(从……来看,依据……来判断);supposing

that...(假如……);providing

that...(假如……);owing

to...(由于……);speaking

of...(谈及……);given...(考虑到……);provided

that...(如果……);to

tell

the

truth(实话实说);to

be

honest(老实说)等。考点五

非谓语动词作补足语

常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependon(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语)主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成Wedependonyoutohelpusoutoftrouble.Imadehimdohiswork.→Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyoffthetree.→Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyoffthetree.Wedependonyoutohelpusoutoftrouble.Imadehimdohiswork.→Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyoffthetree.→Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyoffthetree.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,lookat,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听:hear,listento;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,lookat,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听:hear,listento;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,lookat,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听:hear,listento;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原

常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句动词-ing形式notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成IfoundherlisteningtotheradiowhenIpassedby.过去分词过去分词动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.注意find,leave(使……处于某种状态),keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和过去分词作补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What

you

said

left

me

thinking.你所说的令我思考。考点六

非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语不定式作定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式作定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被thefirst/next/only/last等修饰的名词后作定语;如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。Theairportto

be

completednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。Hehasachanceandhasbecomethefirstto

goabroadinourtown.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。Hewantedtofindahouseto

live

in.他想找个房子住。2.动词-ing形式作定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用beingdone的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时要用havingbeendone的形式,havingbeendone不作定语。动词-ing形式作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.与以前相比,现在天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。Thehousesbeing

builtareforthestudents.正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。Asleepingpillwillhelpyoutofallasleepquickly.安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。3.过去分词作定语动词-ed形式作定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物过去分词作定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表被动。Theretiredworkerissweepingthefallenleavesontheroad.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。考点七

独立主格结构

动词-ing形式Theclockstrikingtwelve,Iwenttobed.(表原因)名词(代词)+过去分词Helayonhisbackinbed,hishandscrossedunderhishead.(表伴随)Enoughtimegiven,shewillsurelydothejobbetter.(表条件)名词(代词)+不定式Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.(表伴随)Heproposedapicnic,hehimselftopayfortherailwayticketsandJohntoprovidethefood.(表方式)名词(代词)+形容词短语Herfacepalewithanger,sherosetogoaway.(表原因)Isawadeeppond,thewaterbluelikethesky.(表结果)名词(代词)+介词短语Then,lastnight,Ifollowedhimhereandclimbedin,swordinhand.(表方式)Childinarms,afewwomenstoodtherechatting.(表方式)名词(代词)+副词短语Summerover,thestudentsreturnedtoschool.(表原因)名词(代词)+名词短语Hisfirstshotafailure,Tomfiredagain.(表原因)考点八

with的复合结构

with+宾语+形容词Thechildrenwerelisteningtotheteacherwiththeireyeswideopen.(表伴随)with+宾语+介词短语Theoldmanusedtotakeawalkwithastickinhishand.(表方式)with+宾语+副词Theproudgirlwalkedawaywithherheadup.(表方式)with+宾语+动词-ing形式Maryfeltveryshywithsomanyeyeslookingather.(表原因)with+宾语+过去分词Ifyousitlookingawayfromaperson,orwithyourbackturned,youaresayingyouarenotinterestedinthatperson.(表方式)with+宾语+不定式Withtoomuchworktodothenextday,hefeltanxiousanddidn’tsleepwell.(表原因)考点九

不定式的主动形式表示被动含义

be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式常用形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong疑问词+不定式

Idon’tknowwhattodo.be+不定式blame/seek/letHeistoblamefortheaccident.专项训练巩固提升Ⅰ.单句填空1._______________(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

2.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______________(go)on.

3.Tomsoundsverymuch_______________(interest)inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.

4.Hehurriedtothestationonly_________(find)thatthetrainhadleft.

5.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell_______________(spend).

Dressedgoinginterestedtofind

spent6._______________(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.

7._______________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.

8.Tonylentmethemoney,__________(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.

9.When_______________(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditinterestingandrewarding.

10.Doyouwakeupeverymorning___________(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?

FindingHavingeaten

hopingaskedfeelingⅡ.语法填空Parentsareexamplesofchildrenandchildrenaretheappleofpare