人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT3-Learning-About-课件

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATIONLearningAboutLanguage(2)人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册Reviewusefulstructures·Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassion...（S）·MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.（OC）·Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals...（Ad）·Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.（S）·Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtrade...（P）·Tradinghasgrowngreatly...andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.（O；Attr）·...whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.（O）·...therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.（Attr）·...ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.（Attr）·...thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.（Attr；Ad）·...theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.（Attr；Attr；OC）Activity1Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.1Asthesubject（S）

2Asthepredicative（P）

3Astheobject（O）4Astheobjectcomplement（OC）

5Astheattributive（Attr）6Astheadverbial（Ad）EXAMPLEItisfun/visitanaquarium/insummer→Itisfuntovisitanaquariuminsummer.（S）Activity2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.1He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition→2Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser→3Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworld→4TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts→Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.（OC）Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.（P）Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.（Attr）TheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.（O）

EXAMPLEItisfun/visitanaquarium/insummer→Itisfuntovisitanaquariuminsummer.（S）Activity2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.5Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchwork→6Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless→7TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater→8Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsulecanwork→Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.（Ad）Itisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.（S）TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.（O；O）Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.（P）

Faroutintheocean，wherethewaterisasclearasglass，livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep

（measure）.Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsand

underthesea，butactuallyitisnotrare

（see）themostuniqueflowersandplants

（dance）inthefast-movingwater.Inthedeepestspotofallstandsthe

SeaKing’scastle，whichhaswallsofcoral

andaroof

（form）ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking，awisewomanwhoisproud

（be）bornintotheroyalfamily，takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses，theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea，shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses

（play）alldaylongis

（swim）inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls，feedingandtouchingthefish

（swim）uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem

（notworry）aboutanything，exceptfortheyoungest，who...Activity3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?tomeasure

toseedancingformedtohavebeen

toplayswimming/toswim

swimmingnottoworrywhowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsallthewaytothesurfaceandseesalargeship.Ittravelstowardheratgreatspeedandterrifiesher.Sheswimsbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandjustmanagestoswimawayfromthebigship.Shenowrealisesthatitisascaryworldoutsideoftheocean，andshedecidestostaywithherfamilyandfriendsunderthesea.Theyseemnottoworryaboutanything，exceptfortheyoungest，who...Completethedialogueswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.1A:Willyourparentsbebackfromtheirholidaytomorrow?B:No,theydecided___________(extend)theirtrip.2

A:Haveyougotthetestresultonthenewmedicine?B:Yes,ithasproved___________

(be)somewhateffective,butfurthertestingremains___________

(do).3A:Wow!Ididn’texpectPete

________(be)suchagoodswimmer!B:_______________(spend)thepastsummerpractisingalmosteveryday,heisnowable___________

(swim)muchfasterthanbefore.4

A:Whathappened?Youweresupposed

_________________________(be)inBeijingbynow!B:Ioversleptandrushedtotheairport,only___________

(find)thatthecheck-incounterhadclosed.5A:Whichseasondoyoulikemost?B:Winter.Becausethecitylooksverybeautifulwhen___________

(cover)withsnow.6A:Whoisconsidered___________

(be)thefatherofthecomputer:CharlesBabbage,AlanTuring,JohnVincentAtanasoff,orJohnvonNeumann?B:Well,theyareallbelieved

_______________(make)importantcontributionstocomputerscience.Activity4(WORKBOOKP76EX.1)toextend

tobetobedone

tobeHavingspenttoswimtohavebeen（tobe）tofind

covered

tobetohavemade1Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.2Itisbettertogivethantotake.3You’renevertoooldtolearn.4Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.5Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.Activity5(WORKBOOKP76EX.2)Tellthefunctionoftheinfinitiveineachsentence.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.1Tobeornottobe，thatisthequestion.（S）生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。2Itisbettertogivethantotake.（Ad；Ad）施比受有福。3You’renevertoooldtolearn.（Ad）活到老学到老。4Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.（S；P）什么都知道等于什么都不知道。5Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.（S；P）节约时间就是延长生命。Namedafteramythicaldragon,JiaolongisChina’sfirstmanneddeep-searesearchsubmersible.ItwasdevelopedbyChinesedesigners_________(start)from2002andenteredservicein2010,_________(make)Chinathefifthcountryintheworldwithdeep-seaexplorationtechnology.In2017,duringa138-dayexpeditionthat_________(start)inFebruary,thesubmersible’smothership,Xiangyanghong09sailednearly34,000kmintotheSouthChinaSea,thenorthwesternIndianOcean,andthenorthwesternPacificOcean.Jiaolongconducted30dives_________

(make)scientificinvestigationsand___________(collect)samples.ThesubmersiblemadefivedivesintheMarianaTrenchandtheYapTrench,bothinthewesternPacificOcean.Theseoperationshaveenabledscientists_____________________(betterunderstand)geographicalandbiologicalconditionsdeepundertheoceans.Activity6(WORKBOOKP76EX.3)Completethenewsreportbelowwiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutJiaolong?startingmakingstartedmakingcollectingtobetterunderstandRightnow,Jiaolongisundergoingmaintenancebefore_________

(start)itsnextadventure.In2020,Jiaolongwillbeginitsfirstglobaldeep-seascientificexplorationmission.Itwillhaveanewmothership,whichis_________

(name)DeepSeaNo.1.Thisgrandmissionisintended______________(strengthen)China’scapacityin_________(survey)deep-seaenvironmentsandwillincreasethenation’sinfluenceinthisfield.Activity6(WORKBOOKP76EX.3)Completethenewsreportbelowwiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutJiaolong?startingnamedtostrengthensurveyingItisnamedafteraChinesewaterdragon.ItwasdesignedbyaformerprofessoratShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity，andithasthesecond-greatestdepthrangeofanymannedresearchvehiclesin2012.1动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式的时态共有四种：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。不定式的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。具体形式如下表所示（以do为例）： 单元语法复习不定式（1）一般式（todo/tobedone）动词不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生；tobedone表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。Isawhimgooutwiththesponsor.我看见他和赞助者出去了。（see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补）［词汇复现］It’saprivilegetobeinvitedtoplaygolfwithyou.受邀与您一起打高尔夫球是一种荣幸。（省略的逻辑主语me与不定式是被动关系，在tobeinvited之前可以加上forme）［词汇复现］（2）进行式（tobedoing）动词不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，而且正在进行。Theyaresaidtobevisitingagrandhouse.据说他们正在参观一座大房子。［词汇复现］ （3）完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone）动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；tohavebeendone同时还表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。I’mverysorrytohavekeptyoufromgettingthebonus.很抱歉让您无法获得奖金。（keep发生在besorry之前）［词汇复现］【学法点拨】“planned/hoped/expected/meant/thought/intended/promised/wanted/wished/desiredtohavedone”表示未曾实现的愿望或计划。Imeanttohavereadthesciencefictionlastweek.我本打算上周读完这本科幻小说。［词汇复现］（4）完成进行式（tohavebeendoing）动词不定式的完成进行式强调不定式表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。ThechairwomanissaidtohavebeenlivinginLondonfortwentyyears.据说这位女董事长在伦敦已经住了20年。［词汇复现］ 单句语法填空（1）Myfatherhasdecided

（give）upsmoking，whichmakesusgreatlysurprised.（2）［词汇复现］Ihavenotimetovisitthemonument，foralotofworkremains

（do）.（3）WhenIcamein，somebabieswereasleep.Tomyamusement，littleJohnpretended

_________________（read）withhiseyeshalf-closed.（4）WhenItoldhimthegoodnews，hepretended

（hear）ofit，notlookingexcited.（5）Themanyouwanttoseeisn’there，asheseems

（fire）.Youcanfigureitoutbyaskingtheboss.（6）Thenovelistintended

（adapt）thebookforaTVplay，buthedidn’tmakeit.（7）Heissaid

（live）withhisunclesincehisparentslefthimtoworkinafarawaycity.

togivetobedone

tobereading

tohaveheardtohavebeenfiredtohaveadaptedtohavebeenliving完成句子（8）Hesaidthathesawher

（进入房间）justnow.（9）Iamglad

（带妹妹去……）thecountry.（10）Hewouldlikehisson

（被派去工作）inabigcompany.（11）Theyseem

（在谈论我），fortheystoppedatthesightofme.（12）［词汇复现］Allofusconsideredhim

（偷了钱），butitturnedouttobeanotherperson.（13）Theboy’sparentsaresaid

（遇害）inaseriousaccident.entertheroomtotakemysistertotobesenttoworktobetalkingaboutmetohavestolenthemoneytohavebeenkilled2动词不定式的分类（1）带to的动词不定式：一般情况下，不定式要带to。TheyarenotbuildingastatetocontinuetheconflictwithIsrael，buttoendit.他们不是在建立一个国家来继续同以色列冲突，而是要结束这场冲突。［词汇复现］（2）省略to的动词不定式①使役动词和感官动词后作宾补的不定式：这类动词有make，have，let，feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，observe，notice等。但用于被动语态时，不定式要带to。Shemakesherhusbandfetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.→Herhusbandismadetofetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.她让丈夫每天从学校接孩子。［词汇复现］【学法点拨】巧记后接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词一感：feel二听：hear，listento三让：make，have，let五看：see，lookat，watch，observe，notice半帮助：help（to可带可不带）

（2）wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿……也不愿……Iwouldrathergotoworkinthesupermarketthantakeovermyfather’scompany.我宁愿去超市工作也不愿接管我父亲的公司。［词汇复现］（3）Whydo...?为什么做某事呢？（表示不满或委婉的批评）Whynotdo...?为什么不做某事呢？（表示建议）Whybreaktheappointmentonpurpose?为什么故意不赴约？［词汇复现］Whynotsuspendthenewsystem?为什么不暂缓新制度？［词汇复现］（4）cannotbut/cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbutdo...只好，不得不Icannotchoosebutadoptmyniece’sadviceatpresent.眼下我别无选择只得采纳我侄女的建议。［词汇复现］（5）介词but，except后的动词不定式：如果这些介词之前有行为动词do或do的某种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式省略to，否则要带to。Thepremiercoulddonothingbutappointacommitteetoconsidertheplans.总理除了安排一个委员会去考虑这些计划外别无选择。［词汇复现］Ihavenochoicebuttotakeupatemporaryjob.我别无选择，只能从事一份临时工作。［词汇复现］ （6）并列不定式：当多个动词不定式具有同样的功能时，to只用在第一个不定式之前，以避免重复。Theboydecidedtostayinthebakeryandworkhardasbefore.这个男孩决定留在面包店里，像以前一样努力工作。［词汇复现］（7）hadbetter（not）dosth.最好（别）做某事Ithinkyouhadbetterstopshoutingsuchslogans.我认为你们最好别喊这样的口号。［词汇复现］（8）主语部分有do时，作表语的动词不定式可以省略to，也可不省略。Allyouneedtodois（to）testoutthesystem.您需要做的就是测试这个系统。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】动词不定式中动词的省略：在expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，forget，want，try以及beafraid，beglad，behappy，wouldlike，wouldlove等后面，为避免重复，动词不定式常常省略，只保留不定式符号to，tohave或tohavebeen（be不省略）。Ihaven’tconductedaninterview，butIwishto（conductaninterview）.我没主持过面试，但我希望（去主持）。—Didyougototheparty?你去参加聚会了吗？—No，I’dliketohave（gonetotheparty），butIwasbusy.没，我想去，但我那时太忙了。—Didtheteacherpraiseyou?老师表扬你了吗？—No，butI’dliketohavebeen（praised）.没有，但我想（被表扬）。

单句语法填空（1）Don’tforget

（give）yourstudentsalittleencouragementatanytime.（2）Thepoliceobservedaman

（go）intothebanktenminutesago. （3）Amanwasobserved

（go）intothebanktenminutesago.（4）Iwouldratherbecomeasalesman

workinthatfactory.（5）Whynot

（turn）offthelightwhenyousleep，sinceyoucan’tfallasleepwhenthelightison?（6）Ican’thelp

wonderiftheseconsumerswillbuymostofthegoodsbeingadvertised.（7）Wecouldn’tdoanythingbut

（watch）himbeingputinprison.togivegotogothanturnbutwatch（8）Wehadnochoicebut

（watch）himbeingputinprison.（9）［词汇复现］Whatthegovernmenthastodois

（declare）astateofemergency.（10）Therewillbenoproblemsaslongasyoudoastheteachertellsyou

.（11）MysisterlikestobeathomewhileIwouldnotliketo

.（12）IforgottoclosethewindowbutIreallyhopedto

，astheraindestroyedoneofmyfavoritebooks.（13）Lilywasupsetthatshewasn’tinvitedtotheparty.Meanwhile，Iwasgladtohave

. towatch（to）declaretobehavebeen完成句子（14）［词汇复现］Herefused

（买词典）withaleathercover.（15）WhenI

（注意到他们进来），Istoodupimmediatelyandgavethemawarmwelcome.（16）I

（宁愿解决）myproblemsalonethanaskhimforhelp.（17）I

（只好）agreetohisdecision.（18）Thebosshadnochoicebut

（解雇他）.（19）［词汇复现］Iwouldnotlike

（接管）thecompanyand____________

（失去自由）.（20）［词汇复现］Youhadbetter

（不要传播谣言）. tobuyadictionarynoticedthemcomeinwouldrathersolvecannot（choose/help）buttodismiss/firehimtotakeoverlosefreedom

notspreadtherumour 3动词不定式的句法功能（1）作主语（常用it作形式主语）Tomakefunofthedisabledisnotright.嘲笑残疾人是不对的。Itisridiculoustoimaginethattherecoverywillbequickandeasy.认为会迅速轻易地恢复的想法是荒谬的。［词汇复现］（2）作宾语①常接不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope，refuse，manage，wish，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask，help等。Thestrongmanmanagedtopulloutthetreetrunk.那个壮汉把树干拔了出来。［词汇复现］②复合结构中常用it作形式宾语，不定式（短语）放在宾语补足语之后。常接这样复合结构的动词有6个：make，feel，find，consider，believe，think。Thedogfounditdifficulttojumpoverthefence.这条狗发现很难跳过这道篱笆。［词汇复现］ ③不定式作宾语与动名词作宾语的区别regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记已做过某事remembertodosth.记得要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事Iregrettosaythatyoufailedtoobtainadrivinglicense.Youmustberegrettingnottrainingmore.我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有获得驾驶执照。你一定后悔没有多训练。

meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事can’thelp（to）dosth.不能帮着做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事trytodosth.努力/企图做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事（3）作宾语补足语和主语补足语Heaskedmetohelphimlearnbiology.（宾语补足语）→Iwasaskedtohelphimlearnbiology.（主语补足语）他请我帮助他学习生物。［词汇复现］believe/considersb.tohavedonesth.（宾补）认为某人做了某事bebelieved/consideredtohavedonesth.（主补）被认为做了某事besaid/reportedtohavedonesth.（主补）据说/据报道做了某事 （4）作定语①如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或被修饰词是不定式动作发生的地点或借助的工具时，不定式后面要有相应的介词；如果不定式所修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。Jackisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.杰克是个很好共事的人。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive（in）.他没有钱，也没有地方住。

②被修饰词前有thefirst/second/last/very/only时常用不定式作定语。Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.她总是第一个来而最后一个走。③下列名词后常用不定式作定语，说明名词的内容：decision，chance，plan，ability，right（权利），way等。I’msureofhisabilitytocopewiththis.我肯定他有能力应对此事。④tobedone作定语多表将来的被动动作（将要被）Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天开的会很重要。 （5）作状语（表示目的、结果、原因等）

Sheresignedherpositiontolookafterherchildren.为了照顾孩子，她辞去了工作。（表目的）Toenjoyamorespectacularsight，youmustclimbtoagreaterheight.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。（表目的）Thecandidatereachedthecompany，onlytofindtheinterviewover.那个申请人到达了公司，结果发现面试已经结束了。（表出乎意料的结果）Wewereinhighspiritstohearthewordsofourteacher’sencourage-ment.听到老师鼓励的话，我们情绪高涨。（表原因）【学法点拨】（1）不定式todo表目的，可以放在句子中间，可以用inorderto和soasto代替表示强调；也可放在句首，此时只可以用inorderto代替表强调。（2）不定式作结果状语常与only连用，表示出乎意料的结果；现在分词作结果状语，表示句子内容导致的自然而然的结果。Theglassfelltotheground，breakingintopieces.玻璃杯掉在地上，摔成碎片。 （6）作表语Myjobistomakeleatherboots.我的工作是制作皮靴。（说明主语的内容）［词汇复现］Thenewrobotistobetestedoutnextweek.新机器人将于下周进行测试。（不定式表将来）（7）作独立成分（作句子状语）totellthetruth说实话tobeexact确切地说toconclude总而言之tobefrank坦白地说tobebrief简言之tobegin/startwith首先tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是Totellyouthetruth，yourclaimisquiteabsurd.说实话，你的要求很荒谬。［词汇复现］

【学法点拨】疑问词+不定式“who/which/when/where/how/what+todo”在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。Howtoarousethestudents’interestinlabourisveryimportant.如何激发学生的劳动兴趣很重要。（作主语）［词汇复现］Iknowwheretofindtheyoungmanwhobehaveswithintegrity.我知道到哪里去找那个行为正直的年轻人。（作宾语）［词汇复现］Thequestioniswhentoraisethesalary.问题是什么时候涨工资。（作表语）［词汇复现］单句语法填空（1）［2020•新高考全国Ⅰ卷］Theobjectiveofmostspeechesis

（benefit）theaudience.（2）［2020•天津卷］Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesire

（explore）.

（3）［2020•全国Ⅲ卷］Ourtouralsoincludesachance

（walk）inthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.（4）［2020•全国Ⅰ卷］Nothingistoosmall

（celebrate）.（5）［2020•全国Ⅰ卷］Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry

（land）aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.（6）Toclimbthemountainishardworkbut

isgreatfuntogodownthemountain.（7）

（make）upforlosttimeisimpossible，soitisnecessarytotreasureeverysecondinyourlife.（8）I’mveryhappythatmyfatherhaspromised

（go）divingwhenthesummerholidayvacationcomes.（9）Hemade

aruletoreadEnglishaloudeverymorning. tobenefit

句意：大多数演讲的目的都是使听众受益。toexplore句意：伟大来自持久的探索欲望。towalk

句意：我们的旅行还包括一次跟随凡·高和高更脚步的机会。tocelebrate句意：没有什么小事不值得庆祝。toland

句意：中国已成为首个将宇宙飞船着陆在月球远侧的国家。itTomaketogoit（10）Ihadmeant

（go）toLondon.Missingthisflightmeans

（wait）anothertwohours.（11）Theteacherencouragesus

（study）hardeverydaywithencouragingwords.（12）Hewastheonlyperson

（know）thetruth，buttooursadness，hewaskilledintheconflictwitharudethief.（13）Ifyouthinkthedecisionwasimproper，youhavetheright

（appeal）toahighercourt.（14）Thesystemhastheability

（run）morethanoneprogramatthesametime.（15）Thebuilding

（build）nextyearwillbeusedasadormitorybuildingforstudents.（16）Shegavehimsomemoney

（let）himleaveatonce.（17）Wehurriedtothestation，only

（tell）thatthetrainhadleft.（18）Hisambitionis

（set）upschoolsforchildrenofpoorfamilies. togowaitingtostudytoknowtoappealtoruntobebuilttolettobetoldtoset（19）Aftergraduation，myelderbrotherchose

（出国）forfurtherstudy.（20）Everystudentintheclassconsiderithisorherownresponsibility

___________________________（保持教室清洁）.（21）Seeingmytiredmother，I

（禁不住感到）sad.Meanwhile，I

（不能帮着做）thehousework.（22）Visitors

（不允许）takephotographs.（23）Thebanisreported

（被抢劫）ofalargeamountofcash.（24）Pleasegivemeaknife

（用来切东西）.（25）EverybodythinksLilyisthelastperson

（考试作弊）. togoabroadtokeeptheclassroomcleancouldn’thelpfeelingcouldn’thelp（to）doarenotpermitted/allowedto

tohavebeenrobbedtocutwithtocheatintheexam（26）Hemadeeveryefforttogetthechance

（提升）andfinallyachievedhisdream.（27）Thequestion

（将在会上讨论的）tomorrowisveryimportant.（28）

（为了让）himleaveatonce，shegavehimsomemoney.（29）Hesaidquietlythathecamehere

（为了跟我道别）.（30）

（坦白地说），Ireallyworriedaboutthis.（31）

（简言之），theymustunderstandtheimportanceofteachingandspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.（32）［词汇复现］Whatisthemostimportantis

（怎样阻止）therumourfromspreading.

tobepromoted

tobediscussedatthemeetingTolet/Inordertoletto/inorderto/soastosaygoodbyetomeTobefrankTobebriefhowtostop/keep/prevent4动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义（1）不定式作定语，与被修饰词是被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语，是主动关系。今天我们有很多工作要做。Wehavealotofworktodotoday.（强调“做”是否由主语we完成）Wehavealotofworktobedonetoday.（不强调“做”是否由主语we完成）（2）

be+性质形容词+todo动词+宾语+性质形容词+todoThewaterisnotsuitabletodrink.这水不适合喝。Theteachermadethequestioneasytoanswer.老师使这个问题容易回答。

（3）

betoblame应负责任，该受责备betolet出租Theyoungmanfelthewastoblameforthistrafficaccident.那个年轻人觉得他应对这起交通事故负责任。Thiscaristolet.此车出租。（4）with复合结构Withalotofworktodo，Iwon’tgoout.有这么多工作要做，我不会出去。（do与work之间为被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语I，是主动关系）（5）“疑问词+不定式”结构Wedon’tknowwhattoexpect.我们不知道会发生什么。（expect与what之间为被动关系，但与其逻辑主语，即句子主语we，是主动关系）【学法点拨】当不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，主动和被动结构都可用，而且在语意上并没有多大区别。Thereismuchtodo/tobedonewhentheprimeministertakesoffice.首相上任后有很多事情要做。［词汇复现］

单句语法填空（1）Hehasasister

（look）after，whichtakesupalargeamountofenergy.（2）Hedidn’tknowthefactthattheairisdifficult

（breathe）athighaltitudes.（3）Hetoldmethathisfriend’shousewas

（let）andthathewas

（blame）forthedelay.（4）Heistheveryman

（choose）forthework.完成句子（5）Whenintrouble，healwaysdependsonhim-self，ashehasnofriends

___________________（依靠）.（6）WearegladthatcomputersmakeEnglish

（容易学）.（7）

（有很多钱花），theboywasspoiled，whichmadehisparents’heartbroken.（8）Theyhaveexperiencesotheyknow

（要期待什么）.tolooktobreathetolettoblametochoose/tobechosentodependoneasytolearnWithmuchmoneytospendwhattoexpectLanguagepoints教材原句p.29 Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.

他鼓励我参加冲浪比赛。1participatein参与，参加（=takepartin）Ahandfulofstudentsinourclassparticipatedactivelyinbungeejumping.我们班有几个学生积极参加了蹦极运动。［词汇复现］【词语辨析】不一样的“参加”：participatein/takepartinthesportsmeeting参加运动会jointhearmy/League/Party参军/入团/入党joinintheconversation/discussion参与交谈/讨论attendthemeeting/ceremony/wedding出席会议/出席典礼/参加婚礼attendschool/class上学/上课I’msureyou’llalljoinmeinwishingTedandLauraaveryhappymarriage.我相信大家会愿意与我一起共祝特德和劳拉喜结良缘。【词语积累】participantn.参与者，参加者participationn.参与，参加 题组练·领悟方法核心词汇选词填空（participatein/join/attend）①Thoughdisabled，heoften

somesocialactivitiesinthecommunity.②Tohissatisfaction，hisson

thenavyintheend.③Themeetingisonthefifthandwe’rehopingeveryonewill

.单句语法填空④Ifpossible，morepeopleshouldparticipate

elections.⑤Hehasbeenanactive

（participate）inthediscussion.⑥Abackinjurypreventedmyactive

（participate）inanysportsforawhile.participatesinjoinedattendinparticipantparticipation教材原句p.29 Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.

人们起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。

2applaudvt.&vi.（1）vt.&vi.鼓掌Hebegantoapplaud，buttheotherssteppedbackwards.他开始鼓掌，但其他人都后退了。［词汇复现］Everyoneapplaudedhimwhenhefinallygothisdrivinglicense.他终于获得了驾驶执照，大家都为他鼓掌。［词汇复现］（2）vt.称赞；赞赏搭配：applaudsb.forsth.为某事称赞某人Doyouexpectmetoapplaudhisinaction?你以为我会对他的不作为拍手叫好吗?［词汇复现］Theteacherapplaudedhimforhiscalculating