四川省2022-2023学年高三年级上册12月考试暨德阳一诊模拟考试英语试题

2022年12月高三月考暨德阳一诊模拟试题

（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在

本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whoishavingaholidayabroad?

A.David.B.Mike.C.John.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Davidhasjustphonedmeandsaidthathecouldn'tattendtheparty.Heisn'tfeelingverywellnow.

W:So,we'llhavethreepeopleabsent.JohnistravelingwithhisparentsabroadandMikehastostaylateatthe

office.

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhattimedoesthenextplanetoLondonleave?

A.At10:00.B.At11:00.C.At12:00.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Excuseme.WhattimedoesthenextplanetoLondontakeoff?

W:ThenextoneisFlight12ateleven,gate10.

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhatisMr.Thomas'slifelikenow?

A.Worsethanbefore.B.Happierthanbefore.C.Asgoodasbefore.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Look!Mrs.Thomaswassuchabeautywhenshewasyoung.

W:ButMr.Thomasisshortandugly.WhydoyouthinkMrs.Thomaswouldmarryhim?

M:Heiscertainlyverypoornow,buthewasarichmanbefore,andtheyoncehadahappytime.

4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whywon'tthemangotothemovieswithHelen?

A.Sheisnotinthemood.

B.Shelikestalkingduringamovie.

C.Shedoesn'twanttogooutwithhim.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:I'vedecidedtogotothecinemaalonethisevening.

W:Whathascausedyoutomakesuchadecision?Didn'tyouusetogowithHelen?

M:Helenisnicebutshetalksalot.

W:Oh.Thafsreallyannoyingwhenyouareseeingafilm.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatisthemantryingtodo?

A.Deliversomebadnews.B.Findanewposition.C.Makeaspeech.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:I'mverysorry.I'mnotinthepositiontotellyouthisbutI'mcertainlyveryworried.

W:Don'tmakeabigspeechabouthowsorryyouare.Justgiveittomestraight.

M:Wehavetolayoff（解雇）someworkersandyou'reoneofthem.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6.Howdoesthemansoundatfirst?

A.Rathersurprised.B.Verycalm.C.Alittleangry.

7.Wherearethefiles?

A.Ontheman'sdesk.

B.Nexttothefaxmachine.

C.Ontheputerdesk.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

【原文】M:HowmanytimeshaveItoldyounottotakefileshomewithyou?

W:Ididn't,John.Ileftthemjustwhereyoutoldmeand...

M:Buttheyarenothereonthisputerdesk.Wherehavetheygone?Theycan'thavegotupandwalkedaway.

W:Waitaminute.SallywasstillherewhenIleft.Youknow,sheisalwaystidyingthingsaway.Right,justasI

thought,sheputthemherebesidethisfaxmachine.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8.WhatdoIranianscaremostaboutthetea?

A.Thecolor.B.Theteaset.C.Thequality.

9.WhatisspecialaboutteashopsinIran?

A.Therearenoteacups.B.Therearenochairs.C.Therearenowaiters.

【答案】8.A9.B

【解析】

【原文】W:So,IheardthatIranisveryfamousforitscoffee.

M:Well,notcoffeeactually,thetea.

W:Thetea?Whatisspecialaboutit?

M:Well,weareverymuchpicky（挑易的）aboutthecolorofthetea.Everybodyordersdifferently.Somepeople

wantcoloredstrongtea.Somepeopledon'twantitthatstrong.

W:So,Iguessyou'vegotalotofteashops.

M:Yeah,yeah,wehavetraditionalones,whichareveryinterestingforthetouristsIbelieve.Yougoinandyousit

down,nochairsthere,andifsactuallycushionsjustbehindyou,soyoucanlieonthesecushions.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10.WhydidthemangotothePhilippines?

A.Foratrip.B.Forfurtherstudies.C.Forvolunteerwork.

11.Whohelpedthemanwiththeproject?

A.Thelocalstudents.

B.Thelocalgovernment.

C.Thelocalbusinessmen.

12Whafstheaimoftheproject?

A.Toexploreanisland.

B.Tohelpthepoorstudents.

C.Toprotecttheenvironment.

【答案】10.C11.A12.C

【解析】

【原文】W:WhereexactlydidyougointhePhilippines?

M:IwasinDavaoCity.Thevolunteerorganizationhasanofficeandsomestudentdormsthere.

W:Canyoutalkabouttheorganization?

M:Sure.TheorganizationiscalledtheStudentVolunteerOrganization.Theyorganizetripsforuniversitystudents

togoabroadanddovolunteerwork——youknow,doingthingsthathelpthecountryandthepeople.Forexample,

oneproject,weplantedtreesinanareaoftheislandwherealotoftreeshadbeencutdownyearsago.Wegotlocal

elementaryschoolstudentstohelpusbecausethegoaloftheprojectwastoteachyoungpeopleaboutthe

environment.

W:ThafsgreatSoyoudecidedtogobecausetheenvironmentisimportanttoyou?

M:Yes,Ithinkifseveryone'sresponsibilitytohelpprotecttheenvironment.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13.Whatistheman?

A.Adoctor.B.Ahost.C.Ateacher.

14.Whousedtobeadoctor?

A.Cassie'sfriend.

B.Cassie'smother.

C.Cassie'sfriend'smother.

15.HowlongdidittakeCassietobeeaqualifieddoctor?

A.Oneyear.B.Fouryears.C.Fiveyears.

16.WhatdoesCassiesayaboutherjob?

A.Shegetsboredwithit.

B.Sheenjoysitingeneral.

C.Shealwaysworksovertime.

【答案】13.B14.C15.C16.B

【解析】

【原文JM:Helloandweletotoday9sCareerTomorrow.Todaywearegoingtolookatanotherkindofjob一

doctors.WehavewithusDr.CassieBrown,whoisadoctorattheRoyalLondonHospital.Hello,Cassie,howdid

youfirstbeeinterestedinmedicine?

W:Well,Ihadafriendwhosemotherwasadoctor,andIthoughtherjobmightbeinteresting.

M:Sohowdidyoufindoutmoreaboutthejob?

W:Well,Ibecameavolunteerinahospitalandworkedforadoctor.Isoonrealizedthatthiscareerwastheright

oneforme.

M:Sowhatdidyouneedtostudyatuniversity?

W:IstudiedHealingScience,andthenIreceivedamaster'sdegree.

M:Howlongdidittakeyoutobeeaqualifieddoctor?

W:OnceIhadfinishedmydegree,IhadtoworkforoneyearbeforeIbecamequalified,soittookmefiveyears.

M:Howmanyhoursdoyouworkeveryday?

W:Well,Iworkatnormalhours——ninetofive.

M:Whatdoyoulikemostaboutyourjob?

W:It'sneverboring.Infact,IfeelsorrywhenIhavetohaveadayoff!

M:Itsoundsliketheperfectjob!Thanksforspeakingwithus,Cassie.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17.Whatistheweatherliketoday?

A.Rainy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.

18.Whenshouldthelistenersgetuptomorrow?

A.At5:30.B.At6:00.C.At6:30.

19.WhatdoesthespeakeradvisethelistenersNOTtotake?

A.Whistles.B.Maps.C.Cameras.

20.Whatarethelistenersgoingtodomostprobably?

A.Gosurfing.B.Gohiking.C.Goboating.

【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.B

【解析】

【原文1W:Iseverybodyhere?Good.Nowlistentomecarefully.Ihopeyou'veallhadagooddaytoday.

Ifsveryunusualtohavesomuchsnowhereatthistimeofyear.Someofyouwereaskingabouttomorrow.Well,

we'regoingunlessthesnowgetsmuchheavierduringthenight.Tilseeyoubackhereatsixo'clock.Setyour

alarmsfor5:30andwashupyourselvesinthirtyminutes.Beheretomorrowmorningwitheverythingyouneed.

You'veallgotalist——youneedawhistleincaseyougetseparatedfromtherestofthegroup,warmclothesand

gloves.Agoodpairofbootsisimportantforyoubecausewewillspendatleastsixhoursonwalking.Don'tforget

themapsIgaveyou.Isuggestyounotbringcamerasandvideocameras.Ybualllookratherworried.There'sreally

noneed.Aslongasweallstaytogether,we511haveagreattime.OK,it'stimewehaddinnernow,soifanyonehas

anyquestions,askmeonthewaytothedininghall.Lefsgo.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

YoungWritersAwards

AbouttheContest

BenningtonCollegehasauniqueliterarytradition.We'vehadtwelvePulitzerPrizewinners,threeUSpoet

laureates,fourMacArthurGeniuses,andtwoofTimemagazine's100mostinfluentialpeople.Incelebrationofthis,

BenningtonlaunchedtheYoungWritersAwardstopromoteexcellenceinwritingatthehighschoollevel.Students

areinvitedtoenterwiththefollowingwork:

•Poetry:Agroupofthreepoems

•Fiction:Ashortstory(1,500wordsorfewer)oroneactplay

•Nonfiction:Apersonaloracademicessay(1,500wordsorfewer)

Afirst,second,andthirdplacewinnerisselectedineachcategory.WeweleparticipationofbothUSand

internationalstudents.

Awards&Rules

Firstplacewinnersineachcategoryareawardedaprizeof$1,000;secondplacewinnersreceive$500;

thirdplacewinnersreceive$250.

•Nochargeforentrance.Feesforaccidentscausedbyparticipantsarerequired.

•Allentriesmustbeoriginalworkreviewed,approvedandguidedbyateacher.Wewilluseyourteacherasa

contactforthepetitionshouldwehaveanyquestions.Forhomeschooledstudents,pleasecontactonetoassistin

yourwritingevenifyouhaveexperienceinsuchpetitions.

YoungWritersAwardsfinalistsandwinnersarealsoqualifiedforundergraduatescholarshipsatBennington.

YoungWritersAwardsfinalistswhoapplyandgainadmissiontoBenningtonwillreceivea$10,000scholarship

everyyearforfouryears,foratotalof$40,000.YoungWritersAwardswinnersreachingthestandardwillreceive

$15,000everyyear,foratotalof$60,000.

21.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheYoungWritersAwards?

A.Itrewardsthreewinnersatlast.

B.IfsatraditionofBenningtonCollege.

C.Itacceptsparticipantsworldwide.

D.Itoffersscholarshipstoundergraduates.

22.Whataretheparticipantsaskedtodo?

A.Handinapersonalessay.B.Haverelatedwritingexperience.

C.Payanentryfeeontime.D.Findateachertohelpwiththeentry.

23.HowmuchwillthesecondplacewinnertobeadmittedintoBenningtongainintotal?

A.$10,500.B.$15,500.

C.$40,500.D.$60,500.

【答案】21.C22.D23.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了本宁顿学院举办的一项面向全球各地的高中生的写作比赛。

[21题详解】

细节理解题。根据AbouttheContest部分最后一句"WeweleparticipationofbothUSandinternational

students.（我们欢迎美国学生和国际学生的参与。）”可知，该比赛欢迎所有美国和国际学生。由此可推知，

YoungWritersAwards接受世界各地的参赛者。故选C项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据Awards&Rules部分的"AHentriesmustbeoriginalworkreviewed,approvedandguidedby

ateacher.（所有参赛作品必须是由老师审阅、批准和指导的原创作品。）"和"pleasecontactonetoassistinyour

writingevenifyouhaveexperienceinsuchpetitions（即使你有参加这类比赛的经验，也请联系一个协助你写作

的人）”可知，参赛者需要找到一位老师指导自己的参赛作品。故选D项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据Awards&Rules部分的asecondplacewinnersreceive$500（第二名将获得500美元）”和

“YoungWritersAwardswinnersreachingthestandardwillreceive$15,000everyyear,foratotalof$60,000（达至U

标准的青年作家奖获奖者每年将获得L5万美元，总共6万美元）”可知，二等奖获得者会得到500美元的

奖励，在申请并被本宁顿学院录取后会获得60000美元的奖学金，故一共会获得60500美元。故选D项。

B

Inthedigitalage,opportunitiesarearisingforeveryone.However,onlythoseputtingplansintoactioncan

stayahead.AlexandrWangisonesuchexample.

LosAlamosNationalLaboratorywaswhereAlexandrspenthischildhood.Bothhisparentswerephysicists

there.Alexandr,fromayoungage,hadasharpmind.Asakid,hewasregardedasamathwizard（奇才）andpeted

innationalmathandputerpetitions.Finishinghighschool,AlexandrenteredMITwheremachinelearningandAI

amazedhim.Hesawthepotential（潜力）ofAI,andwasexcitedabouthowitcouldchangetheworld.Butitwasn't

makingarealimpact.Hisambitiontosetupapanyinthatfieldwasseededthen.

At17,hegottheroleoftechleadatQuoraanddroppedoutofMIT."Itoldmyparentsitwasjustgoingtobe

athingIdidforthesummer.Obviously,itwasn,t,^^Alexandrsaid.Surely,hisparentsweredisappointed.Theyall

knewhemadethatchangefilledwithunexpectedrisks.ButAlexandrsaid,<6Ifyouaren'twillingtotakearisknow,

thenwhen?”AlexandrmetLucyGuoatQuora,withwhomAlexandrfoundedScaleAI,whichturnedouttobea

considerablesuccess.

Infact,atthattime,therewerevariousopportunitiesinthetechworld.Itwashardtodecidewhichroadthey

shouldgodown.Thenheandhisteamdecidedtotakeadifferentapproach——insteadoffollowingdiversepaths,

theyagreedtofocusonone.Theywentwith“imagery,putervisionandotherkindsofsensordata”.Andthatis

whatmadethepany'sprofitsrisequickly.ScaleAIhasanetworthofabout$7.3billionatpresent,withAlexandr

beingtheworld'syoungestselfinadebillionaire.

Whenaskedlessonshe'dliketosharewithfounders,Alexandrstatedthereareanumberofthings.4tThetop

oneisalwaysdoingthingsthatgowithyourvaluesandhowyouwanttobuildapanyatthebeginning.Whenyou

talktoinvestors（投资者），they'llcontributeadvicethatmaygoagainstyourgoal.Figureoutyourfocusandwhat

getsyoustarted.^^

24.WhatinspiredAlexandrtobuildScaleAI?

A.TheworkatQuora.B.Hisexperiencesatuniversity.

C.Theinfluenceofhisparents.D.Histalentformathandputer.

25.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph4?

A.ThekeytothesuccessofScaleALB.ChallengesofAlexandr'scareer.

C.Alexandr'sgreatachievements.D.TheprocessoffoundingScaleAL

26.WhatdidAlexandradvisefounderstodo?

ASticktooneparticulardirection.B.Keepanopenmindonsuggestions.

C.Remaintruetotheoriginalintention.D.Findafriendtostartapany.

27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAlexandr?

A.Cleverandgenerous.B.Courageousandoutgoing.

C.Ambitiousandsociable.D.Adventurousanddetermined.

【答案]24.B25.A26.C27.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。AlexandrWang自幼被认为是一个数学奇才，高中毕业后他进入麻省理工学

院，在那里，机器学习和人工智能吸引了他。后来为了追求自己的志向，他毅然辍学白手起家，和Lucy

Guo一起创建了公司ScaleAL成为全球最年轻的亿万富翁。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段"Finishinghighschool,AlexandrenteredMITwheremachinelearningandAIamazed

him.Hesawthepotential（潜力）ofAI,andwasexcitedabouthowitcouldchangetheworld.Butitwasn'tmaking

arealimpact.Hisambitiontosetupapanyinthatfieldwasseededthen.（高中毕业后,亚历山大进入麻省理工

学院学习机器学习和人工智能。他看到了人工智能的潜力，并对它如何改变世界感到兴奋。但这并没有产

生真正的影响。他想在那个领域开一家公司的野心从那时就开始萌芽了）”可知，在大学的经历激发了

Alexandr创建ScaleAI。故选B。

[25题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第四段“Infact,atthattime,therewerevariousopportunitiesinthetechworld.Itwashardto

decidewhichroadtheyshouldgodown.Thenheandhisteamdecidedtotakeadifferentapproach-insteadof

followingdiversepaths,theyagreedtofocusonone.Theywentwith"imagery,putervisionandotherkindsof

sensordata”.Andthatiswhatmadethepany'sprofitsrisequickly.ScaleAIhasanetworthofabout$7.3billionat

present,withAlexandrbeingtheworld'syoungestselfmadebillionaire.（事实上，在那个时候，科技领域有各种

各样的机会。很难决定他们该走哪条路。然后，他和他的团队决定采取不同的方法一一他们同意专注于一

条，而不是遵循不同的路径。他们使用了“图像、计算机视觉和其他类型的传感器数据”。这就是公司利

润快速增长的原因。ScaleAI目前的净资产约为73亿美元，亚历山大是世界上最年轻的白手起家的亿万富

翁）”可知，第四段主要介绍了ScaleAI成功的关键。故选A。

[26题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Thetoponeisalwaysdoingthingsthatgowithyourvaluesandhowyouwantto

buildapanyatthebeginning.Whenyoutalktoinvestors（投资者）,they511contributeadvicethatmaygoagainst

yourgoal.Figureoutyourfocusandwhatgetsyoustarted.（最重要的是，一开始总是按照你的价值观和你想要

的方式去做事情。当你与投资者交谈时，他们提供的建议可能与你的目标背道而驰。弄清楚你的重点和你

的出发点）”可推知，亚历山大建议创业者忠于最初的意图。故选C。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“At17,hegottheroleoftechleadatQuoraanddroppedoutofMIT."Itoldmy

parentsitwasjustgoingtobeathingIdidforthesummer.Obviously,itwasn,t,^^Alexandrsaid.Surely,hisparents

weredisappointed.Theyallknewhemadethatchangefilledwithunexpectedrisks.ButAlexandrsaid,“Ifyou

aren'twillingtotakearisknow,thenwhen?”AlexandrmetLucyGuoatQuora,withwhomAlexandrfounded

ScaleAI,whichturnedouttobeaconsiderablesuccess.（17岁时，他在Quora担任技术主管，并从麻省理工学

院退学。“我告诉我的父母，这只是我暑假要做的一件事。显然，它不是，”亚历山大说。当然，他的父

母很失望。他们都知道他做出的改变充满了意想不到的风险。但亚历山大说：“如果你现在不愿意冒险，那

什么时候呢？”亚历山大在Quora遇到了露西•郭，亚历山大和她一起创立了ScaleAL并取得了相当大

的成功）“可推断，Alexandr创立一家人工智能公司的决心非常坚定；根据第四段中的“Thenheandhis

teamdecidedtotakeadifferentapproach-insteadoffollowingdiversepaths,theyagreedtofocusonone.（然

后，他和他的团队决定采取不同的方法一一他们同意专注于一条，而不是遵循不同的路径）”可知，

Alexandr敢于冒险、勇于尝试。由此推知，他是意志坚定且敢于冒险的。故选D。

C

Whenyoupraiseadog,ifslisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightnot

behugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenonbyusinganimagingmachineto

lookinsidethebrainsof13dogsastheylistenedtotheirowners9voice.

Therewardpathwayinthedogs9brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraisingwordsandanapproving

intonation（语调）一butnotwhentheyheardrandom（随机的）wordsspokeninapraisingtoneorpraisingwords

spokeninaflattone,accordingtotheresearchers.

“Dogsdealwithbothwhatwesayandhowwesayitinawaywhichisamazinglysimilartohowhumansdo

it,“saysAttilaAndies,aneuroscientistinHungary.Whendogshearspeech,heexplains,theyseemtoseparatethe

meaningofwordsfromtheintonation.Thenthelefthemisphere（半球）ofthebraindealswithmeaning,while

intonationisdealtwithintherighthemisphere.

Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner（扫描器）.The

dogscouldgetupandleavethemachinewhenevertheywanted.Butitwascleartothedogsthattheirhuman

panionsloveditwhentheydidthisveryeasytask."Theywerereallyhappytotakepart,^^saysAndies."The

difficultyofthetrainingwasthattheycan'tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydirection,otherwisewewillhave

tothrowoutallofthedata.”

Hesaysmostdogownershaveexperimentedwithtryingto"trick“theirdogsbysayingnonsensewordsina

cheerful,happytoneofvoice.4tIthinkthebigdifferencehereisthattheyonlyheardus,andtheydidn'tseeus;

saysAndies,becausethedogswereinsidethemachine."Here,theonlyinformationtheyhadwasthespeechsignal.

Whatwesawisthatforpraisetobedealtwithasareward,whenthereisnoothersupportinginformation,both

wordmeaningandintonationhavetofit.”

28.Whatisregardedasarewardbydogsaccordingtothestudy?

A.Praisingwordsinaflattone.B.Randomwordsinaflattone.

C.Praisingwordsinapraisingtone.D.Randomwordsinapraisingtone.

29.Howdodogsdealwithwhattheyhear?

A.Focusmoreonthemeaning.B.Focusmoreontheintonation.

C.Useinformationfromtheirpeers.D.Usethetwopartsofthebrain.

30.WhatisahardpartofthetraininginAndies9opinion?

A.Lookingintothedogs'brainactivity.

B.Trainingdogstostaystillinthemachine.

C.Keepingdogsseparatedfromtheirowners.

D.Askingdogstogetupandleavethescanner.

31.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.DogsUnderstandToneandMeaningofWords

B.DogsIndeedKnowHowtoPraise

C.DogsCanRecognizeOwners5Voices

D.DogsCanReadMan'sMoods

【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述实验表明狗能理解人说话的语气和含义。

【28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Therewardpathwayinthedogs'brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraising

wordsandanapprovingintonation（语调）（当狗听到赞扬的话语和赞许的语调时，它们大脑中的奖赏通路会被

激活）”可知，当狗听到用赞赏的语调说的表扬的话时，其脑内的奖赏通路会被激活，这被狗视为奖励。故

选C项。

【29题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中的“theyseemtoseparatethemeaningofwordsfromtheintonation.Thentheleft

hemisphere（半球）ofthebrainprocessesmeaning,whileintonationisanalyzedintherighthemisphere.（它们彳以乎

把单词的意思和语调分开了。然后，大脑左半球处理意思，而语调由右半球分析。）”可知，狗在大脑的不

同半球对话语的含义和说话的语调分别进行分析。故选D。

【30题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomove

inthescanned扫描器）.（研究中的所有狗都是自愿的志愿者，并被训练不在扫描仪中移动）"及"Thedifficult

aspectofthetrainingwasconvincingthedogsthat"motionless?meansreallymotionless.Theycan'tmovemore

than3millimetersinanydirection,otherwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.（训练的困难之处在于让狗

相信'不动'意味着真的不动。它们不能向任何方向移动超过3毫米，否则我们将不得不扔掉所有的数

据。）”可知，研究过程中，狗被要求在扫描仪器中待着不动，这是训练中的难点。故选B项。

【31题详解】

主旨大义题。文章开头通过"Whenyoupraiseadog,it'slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyou

saythem.Thatmightnotbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenon…（当

你表扬一只狗时，它不仅在听你说的话，还在听你怎么说。这对狗主人来说可能不是什么大新闻。但现在

研究人员对这一现象进行了探索……）”引入话题：狗能理解人说话的语气和含义，研究者对此进行了研

究。接着，下文介绍了该研究的内容和结论，故A项“狗能理解语言的语气和含义”适合作本文标题。故

选A项。

D

Wehumansoftennavigate（导航）usingroadsignsandGPS.Butwhataboutelephants?ConnieAllen,a

behaviouralecologistattheUniversityofExeterintheU.K.,said“theelephantsnavigateoverlongdistancesusing

theirunbelievablememories”,whichmakesothersconsiderthatanelephantwillneverforget.Butit'salsobeen

suggestedhereandtherethatmaybeolfactionisextremelyimportantfortheselongdistancemovements.

AllenandhercolleaguescheckedthatideabytestingAfricanelephants5abilitytoidentifyaveryspecial

smell:thesmellofpee（尿）.Yousee,anelephantpeesalot-some12to15gallonsaday-andthatpeecan

containaseriesofchemicalsignals.

Butfirst,theyneededsomepee.SotheyheadedforaspotalongBotswana'sBotetiRiverandwaited.They

waitedforelephantstopeeand,within20minutes,wentandcollectedthesefreshpeesamples.Thentheysetup

camerasonsevenpathswhichtheelephantsusuallywalkedalong.Afterobservingtheelephants9naturalbehaviour

onthepaths,theynoticedthatthemajorityoftheelephantscheckedsmellsalongthepaths——especiallyelephants

travellingalone,whichisanindication,theresearcherssaid,thatsmellsmayserveassignpostsalongthepaths.

Next,theyplacedthosepeesamplesalongthepaths.Andtheyfoundthatforatleasttwodays,passing

elephantstrainedtheirtrunksonthesamples,especiallysamplesfrommatureadults,whichisanotherindication

thatsmellsmightbeaneffectivenavigationalsignal.TheirfindingsappearedinthejournalAnimalBehaviour.

Basedontheseresults,theyhopeconservationistsmightbeabletouseelephantpeeasadecoy（诱饵）.Ifwe

cantrickelephantsintothinkingotherelephantsaregoingthisway,maybewecanredirectthemawayfromwhere

theyareingintoconflictwithhumansatthemoment.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"olfhction“inparagraph1mean?

A.Theroadsidesignpost.B.Thesenseofsmell.

C.Thelongtermmemory.D.Thesenseofdirection.

33.Howdidresearchersgettheirconclusions?

A.Bydoingfieldresearch.B.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.

C.Bymakingparisons.D.Bydoinglaboratoryexperiments.

34.Whatmightbeapotentialbenefitofthefindingsaccordingtothetext?

A.Helpingelephantstofindotherpanions.

B.Inspiringnewresearchdirectionsinelephants.

C.Raisingpublicawarenessofelephantprotection.

D.Makingelephantsandhumanscoexistpeacefully.

35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AfricanElephantsShowPersonalitybasedMovements

B.ElephantsAreBornWithExcellentAbilitytoNavigate

C.AfricanElephantsMayUsePeeasaRoadSign

D.ElephantsHaveaGoodMemoryforRoads

【答案】32.B33.A34.D35.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。行为生态学家ConnieAllen认为大象凭借惊人的记忆力进行远距离导航，但

也有人提出，大象在进行远距离活动时嗅觉尤为重要。为了验证这一观点，ConnieAllen和她的同事们开

展了研究，证明确实如此。

【详解】1.词义猜测题。根据下文“AllenandhercolleaguescheckedthatideabytestingAfHcanelephants'

abilitytoidentifyaveryspecialsmell:thesmellofpee（尿）.Yousee,anelephantpeesalot-some12to15

gallonsaday-andthatpeecancontainaseriesofchemicalsignals.（艾伦和她的同事通过测试非洲象识另lj一

种非常特殊的气味的能力来验证这一想法：尿的气味。你看，大象尿得很多一一大约每天12到15加仑一

—这些尿可以包含一系列化学信号。）”以及这个实验过程可知，ConnieAllen和同事们通过测试大象对路

边大象尿液的感知能力来进行研究，最终发现，大象可以利用尿液的气味进行远距离活动，由此可知，嗅

觉对大象的远距离活动尤为重要。画线词olfaction的含义应为“嗅觉”。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段的“Theywaitedforelephantstopeeand,within20minutes,wentandcollected

thesefreshpeesamples.Thentheysetupcamerasonsevenpathswhichtheelephantsusuallywalkedalong.（他彳门

等大象尿尿，20分钟后去收集这些新鲜的尿样本。然后，他们在大象通常会走的七条道路上设置了摄像

机。）”和第四段的"Next,theyplacedthosepeesamplesalongthepaths.（接下来，他们将这些尿液样本沿着

小路放置。）”可知，研究人员在野外收集大象尿液样本，在七条大象常走的道路上安装摄像机来观察大

象的行为，并把尿液样本放在路边来了解嗅觉对大象的影响。由此可推知，研究人员是通过野外研究的方

式得出结论的。故选A。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一■段“