2022届高考英语二轮复习提分计划基础语法之词法篇一般过去时素材

2022英语二轮复习提分计划基础语法之词法篇动词部分11.一般过去时Ⅰ.考情分析命题人常将一般过去时、被动语态与主谓一致相结合，以考查考生的综合能力。做题时，动词的时态要和该句的时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，尤其不能忽略引号里的话。此外，还要留意主语和谓语之间是主动还是被动关系。Ⅱ.考点回顾1.结构主动语态被动语态didwas/were+过去分词2.概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与它连用的时间状语主要有yesterday,时间段+ago,last+时间名词,in1989,justnow,oneday,onceuponatime,then等。3.行为动词的过去式的规则变化的构成(1)一般情况，直接加-ed：clean-finish-paint-help-last-laugh-pass-plant-push-play-walk-wash-watch-(2)以字母e结尾的词，加-d：welcome-agree-change-close-love-move-phone-refuse-skate-use-(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，先变y为i,再加-ed：carry-cry-hurry-study-try-(4)以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed：beg-control-fit-nod-occur-permit-plan-prefer-refer-regret-slap(拍)-stop-swap(交换)-admit-(5)例外：panic-picnic-equip-Ⅲ.真题感悟一、语法填空[例1]WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal__69__(mean)menorealharm.[简析]meant。根据前文可知，是在叙述过去发生的事情。[例2]Istillremembervisitingafriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI__60__(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.[简析]wasshocked。谓语动词shock和主语I之间是被动关系，故用其被动语态。[例3]Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene__64__(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.[简析]declared。根据后文的had可知是在叙述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时态。[例4]Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand__65__(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.[简析]recommended。根据前文的shared可知是在叙述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时态。[例5]Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we__69__(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.[简析]wereinvited。谓语动词invite和主语we之间是被动关系，时间状语onthelastdayofourweek-longstay与一般过去时连用。[例6]OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’grades__62__(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.[简析]improved。after引导的时间状语从句中使用了一般过去式，其主句用一般过去时以保持前后时态一致。[例7]I__1__(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother,“HowwillImakefriends?”[简析]voiced。[例8]TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__61__(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020全国卷Ⅰ)[简析]touched。根据时间状语lastweek可知，应使用一般过去时态。[例9]Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand__66__(point)downtheriver.(2020全国卷Ⅲ)[简析]pointed。and连接两个并列的表示过去情况的谓语动词。[例10]The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,__38__(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.(2020新高考山东卷)[简析]formed。根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。[例11]Then,withtheriseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods__65__(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.(2020浙江卷)[简析]meant考查谓语动词。本句讲述过去的情况，故用mean的过去式meant。[例12]Incities,however,thegain__61__(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.(2021年1月浙江卷)[简析]was考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境主语thegain后接系动词需用一般过去的三单形式was。[例13]We__66__(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.(2021全国甲卷)[简析]hired考查动词的时态。结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。[例14]Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit__61__(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.(2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷)[简析]was考查动词的时态。由then可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示过去的人搬石头做台阶很艰难。[例15]AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand__65__(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.(2021浙江卷)[简析]sold考查动词时态。根据本句的谓语动词rented和连词and可判断出，此处应用sell的一般过去时，rented和sold是主句中两个并列的谓语动词。二、短文改错[例1]TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.[简析]drank→drunk。[例2]Suddenlythearrowswereflyingdownatusfromthesky—theywerelookedlikerain![简析]删除were。句子主语“这些箭”与谓语动词“看起来像”之间是主动关系。[例3]Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.[简析]begun→began。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致。[考4]Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.[简析]telling→told。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，see和tell是并列谓语，故telling改为told。[例5]However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.[简析]tell→told。全文在回忆过去的事情，基本时态为一般过去时。[例6]Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.[简析]goes→went。全文描述的是过去发生的事情，全篇文章以一般过去时为主。[例7]Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.[简析]become→became。and连接并列的谓语动词，且用一般过去时态。[例8]Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.[简析]took→taken。状语从句主语thisphoto与动词take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。[例9]Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.[简析]find→found。本文讲述的是去年寒假的事情，所以应用find的过去式found。[例10]StillIunwillingtoplaythegameswiththemsometimes.[简析]∧unwilling→was。[例11]Ididn’t