高考英语二轮复习备考关系代词引导的定语从句全接触

高考英语二轮复习备考关系代词引导的定语从句全接触定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。定语从句在句中起限制的作用，被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why。一、定语从句的构成定语从句由一个主句和一个从句构成。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后。ZhangYixingisapopstar.

+JayChouisfromChina.ZhangYixingisapopstarwhoisfrom先行词

关系代词China.张艺兴是中国的一位流行歌手。YaoMingisabasketballplayer.+YaoMing’sparentsarealsobasketballplayers.YaoMingisabasketballplayerwhose先行词

关系代词parentsarealsobasketballplayers.姚明是个篮球运动员，他的父母也都是篮球运动员。Thebookisveryuseful.+Myfathergavemeabook.Thebookwhichmyfathergavemeisvery

先行词

关系代词useful.我父亲給我的那本书很有用。【提醒注意】定语从句都在它所修饰的先行词的后面，这一点和汉语不同，要特别注意。二、关系代词的基本用法1.that引导的定语从句that引导定语从句时，可以指人，代替who或whom;也可以指物，代替which。可在从句中做主语或做从句谓语动词的宾语。Themanthat（who）wrotethebookisanEnglishprofessor.写这本书的人是一位英语教授。（that做主语）Filmcompaniesoftenmakefollow-upstofilmsthathavebeenverysuccessful，suchasHarryPorter.电影公司常常为已大获成功的电影拍续集，例如《哈利·波特》。（that做主语）Sheisthesingerthat（whom）Imetlastweek.

她就是我上周遇见的那位歌星。（that做宾语）Isthisthepicturethat（which）youtalkedaboutyesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那幅画吗？（that做宾语）【提醒注意】在下面三种场合中，要用that引导定语从句，不用which或who。ThisisthefirstEnglishgrammarbookthatshehasread.这是她读过的第一本英语语法书。I’dliketoreadtheverybookthatyoureadlastweek.我想读你上周读过的那本书。Shewastheonlypersonthatsawtheaccident.她是唯一亲眼目睹那场事故的人。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Sallyisthemosthard-workingstudentthatIhaveeverknown.莎丽是我所认识的最勤奋的学生。②先行词为nothing，all，little，much，something，everything和anything等不定代词，或先行词被all，every，few，any，no，some，little等修饰时，其后的定语从句要用that引导，不用which。Hehasgotallthatheneeds.他得到了所需要的一切。Youcanborrowanybookthatyouwanttoread.你可以借任何一本你想看的书。Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都做了。Thewriterhassaidsomethingthatweshouldrememberforever.那位作家说了一些我们应该永远记住的话。③主句以who或which开头时，定语从句用that，不用who，whom或which。Whoistheboythatjustspoketoyou？刚才同你讲话的那个男孩是谁？Whichofyouthathasattendedthemeetingcantellussomethingaboutit？你们中间哪位参加过会议的能给我们讲些有关情况？【典型例题】That’stheonlything___can’tbeforgotteninmylife.A.thatB.which

C.who

D./【考点解密】先行词thing（事情）指“事物”，who是指“人”的，要首先被排除;从句本身缺少主语，关系代词不可省略，故排除D项。that和which都可用来指“事物”。当先行词被thevery，theonly，thesame，all，no，any，every，little，much或形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时，关系代词只用that而不能用which。本题答案为A。2.who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who，whom和whose引导定语从句时用于指人。who在从句中做主语，whom做谓语动词或介词的宾语，whose做定语。Heisthestudentwhoknowstheanswertothequestion.他就是知道那个问题答案的学生。（做主语）Herecomesthegirlwhomyouwanttosee.你想见的那个女孩来了。（做宾语）That’sthemanwhosehousewasburntdown.

那就是房子被烧毁的人。（做定语）【提醒注意】①在口语中who也可做宾语。②whom做介词的宾语时，介词可以放在whom的前面，也可以放在有关动词的后面;whom做动词宾语时，通常可省略。Theladytowhomhesentaletterwasamusician.（=Thelady（whom）hesentalettertowasamusician.）

他写过信去的那位女士是一位音乐家。③whose既可指人，也可指物，用作定语。Helivedinaroomwhosewindowlookedoutoverthesea.他住在一间窗户朝向大海的房间里。【典型例题】GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher___lovedclimbing.A.who

B.whom

C.he

D.which【考点解密】考查关系代词的用法。定语从句要由关系代词引导，首先排除C项;先行词teacher是指“人”的名词，which用来指“物”，故D项也要被排除;根据定语从句lovedclimbing可知，关系代词在从句中做主语，whom是做宾语的，故排除。本题答案为A。3.which引导的定语从句which引导的定语从句修饰表示“物”的名词。which在定语从句中可以做主语或宾语。which做宾语时可以省略。Issheontheplanewhichtookoffhalfanhourago？她在半小时前起飞的那架飞机上吗？Thestory（which）weheardyesterdayisverymoving.我们昨天听到的那个故事非常感人。【典型例题】Ihavethat___hehasgivenme.A.that

B.which

C.whoD.whose【考点解密】当先行词为that时，我们多使用关系代词which，而不使用that。所以本题答案为B。【提醒注意】关系代词which，that，who在从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数应同先行词保持一致。Thepenwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.丢失的那支钢笔找到了。Thepenswhichwerelosthavebeenfound.

丢失的那些钢笔都找到了。ThegirlwhoissingingisfromAmerica.正在唱歌的那个女孩来自美国。ThegirlswhoaresingingarefromAmerica.正在唱歌的那些女孩来自美国。三、关系代词的位置和省略1.关系代词的位置定语从句一般要紧跟在先行词后，但有时为了保持句子的平衡，定语从句可以和先行词分离。Ibroughtsomebooksherethatmayhelpyou.我帶来一些可能对你有帮助的书。（定语从句与先行词被here隔开）ThisisthethirdtimeinmylifethatIhavewept.这是我一生中第三次哭了。（定语从句与先行词被inmylife隔开）2.关系代词的省略在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在两种情况下可以省略。①在口语中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略。Thebook（that/which）Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.我从图书馆借来的书很有趣。Theman（that/whom）youmetinthesupermarketisTom’sfather.你在超市遇见的那个人是汤姆的父亲。【典型例题】Theman___yousawyesterdaywasthepresidentofourcollege.A.who

B.which

C.whose

D./【考点解密】关系代词在定语从句中做主语时一般不可以省略，但做宾语时可以省略。本题省略了关系代词whom/that，故答案为D。【提醒注意】当介词位于关系代词之前时，做介词宾语的关系代词不可以省略。Doyouknowtheman（whom）theyaretalkingto？你认识那个在和他们谈话的人吗？（whom可以省略）Doyouknowthemantowhomtheyaretalking？你认识那个在和他们谈话的人吗？（whom在介词后，不可省略）②做表语的关系代词有时可以省略。Heisnotthehonestboy（that）heusedtobe.他再也不是以前的那个诚实的少年了。【跟踪训练】I.用适当的关系代词填空。1.Willthose___teachthechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice？2.Themonumentwasthefirstplace___theywenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.3.All___glittersisnotgold.4.Youcantakeanyseat___isfree.5.Thechildrenupstairsalwaysmakenoise___drivesmemad.6.Thethief___hadrobbedthemanwascaughtbythepoliceman.7.Isawsometrees___leaveswereblackwithdisease.8.Thiswasthebestmodelofaradioset___thefactoryproducedin1979.9.Thisisthecadre___sondiedintheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan.10.Hetoldmeeverything___hehadseeninthetrafficaccident.11.YesterdayImetDr.Li___toldmethegoodnewsofWang’srecovery.12.Thetwopupils___youtaughtthreeyearsagohavebecometractordrivers.13.Thefirstthing___mysisterisgoingtodothiseveningistowriteareportaboutscientificexperiment.14.Thechild___parentsdiedintheaircrashisnowlivingwithhisaunt.15.Youcantelephonethepeople___youwanttoinvitetodinner.II.从A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳选项填空。1.All___isusefultousisgood.A.which

B.whatC.that

D.whether2.Isthisfactory___theforeignvisitorsvisitedlastweek？A.where

B.that

C.which

D.theone3.Shewillneverforgetthedays___shespentinBeijing.A.whenB.whatC.which

D.why4.Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories___writteninthepastthreeyears.A.thathave

B.thathavebeenC.whichhas

D.whichhasbeen5.Thecollegewon’ttakeonanyone___eyesightisweak.A.who

B.whose

C.ofwhomD.which6.Hereisthebicycle___intheshop.A.thatyousawit

B.thatsawitC.yousaw

D.yousawit7.Those___totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames，please.A.who

B.whowantC.thatwants

D.want8.Thisistheonlything___Icandonow.A.what

B.whichC.that

D.all9.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”___leadingactor