2022届高考英语二轮复习：阅读与读写练讲义：加州或干旱再临素材

加州或干旱再临干旱从古至今都是人类面临的主要自然灾害。即使在科学技术如此发达的今天，它造成的灾难性后果仍然比比皆是。难词探意1.snowpack/sno··p·k/n.积雪2.powderkeg炸药桶3.parched/pɑ：t·t/adj.焦的;炎热的4.offset/offset/v.抵消5.divert/da··v·：t/v.转移6.reservoir/·rez·vwɑ：（r）/n.水库7.meager/mi：g·/adj.贫乏的8.retain/r··te·n/v.保存原文复现Californiasmountainsnowpackisabouthalfofitsnormallevel，raisingfearsthatthestatecouldreturntodroughtafteraperiodofmostlyabundantwetyears.OnThursday，officialsofthestate’sDepartmentofWaterResourcesconductedasurveyatameasuringstationnearLakeTahoethatrecorded29inchesofsnow，or47%ofaverageforthistimeofyear.ThereducedsnowpackfollowsaroughlysixweekstretchthathasbeenoneofthedriestperiodsonrecordinCalifornia.WithnoraininsightuntilatleastSunday，downtownSanFranciscoisontracktorecordnomeasurableraininFebruaryforthefirsttimesince1864，andonlythesecondtimeinitshistory.Similarly，stateofficialssaythenorthernpartoftheSierraNevadamountainsareontracktoexperiencenorainfallthismonthforthefirsttimesincerecordsstartedthere100yearsago.Atthesametimelastyear，bycontrast，theSierramountainswereburiedunderasnowpackthatstoodat144%ofnormal—andnearlydoubletheaverageamountin2017.JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafive-yeardroughtthathurtthefarmeconomyandturnedforestsintopowderkegsforwildfires.WhileCaliforniahasseenmorerainandsnowinrecentyears，thedroughtleftmuchofthestatesoparchedthattheriseinrainfallhasdonelittletooffsetpersistentfirerisks.WeatherforecastersattributedthedryperiodtoastrongridgeofhighpressurethathasbeenparkedoffthecoastofCaliforniasincemidJanuary，divertingPacificstormstoNorthwesterncitieslikeSeattle，whichhashadanunusuallywetwinter.Yetstatewaterofficialssaidtheyhadneverseenweatherconditionschangeasdramaticallyinrecentyears，andnamedclimatechangeasapossiblecontributingfactor.“Wereseeingalotofthingsnowthatwehaven’tseenbefore，”saidSeandeGuzman，chiefofsnowsurveysandwatersupplyforecastingfortheDepartmentofWaterResources.ThegoodnewsforCaliforniansisthatreservoirsremainmostlyfullaroundthestate，whilethesnowpackhasretainedmostofitswatercontentwithoutmeltingoffearly，Mr.Guzmansaid.Besides，California’sothermajorsourceofwater—fromtheColoradoRiver—isenjoyingasnowseason.Thestatesfarmsarelikelytofeelthepinch（节制）thisyear.TheU.S.BureauofReclamationearlierthisweeksaidthat，basedonthedryconditions，itwasreducingallocationsoffederallycontrolledirrigationwatertoaninitiallevelofaslittleas15%ofnormalforsomefarmdistricts.文本探究探究视角1：语篇分析本文是一篇说明文，通过对加州的干旱情况进行描述，介绍了加州近年来的气候和降水情况，并对造成其现象的可能原因和潜在影响作出分析，引起读者思考和注意。说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。为了把事物特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，必须有相适应的说明方法。常见的说明方法有举例子、分类别、作比较、列数字、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引用、画图表等。探究视角2：语言学习Ⅰ.文本填空1.Theroughlysixweekstretchhasbeenoneofthedriest（period）onrecordinCalifornia.2.JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafive-yeardroughthurtthefarmeconomy.3.California’smountainsnowpackisabouthalfofitsnormallevel，（raise）fearsthatthestatecouldreturntodrought.4.ThegoodnewsforCaliforniansisreservoirs（蓄水池）remainmostlyfullaroundthestate.5.Thestatesfarmsarelikely（feel）thepinch（节制）thisyear.Ⅱ.难句分析1.California’smountainsnowpackisabouthalfofitsnormallevel，raisingfearsthatthestatecouldreturntodroughtafteraperiodofmostlyabundantwetyears.加利福尼亚的积雪量只有正常水平的一半左右，人们担心，在经历了一段多雨的时期之后，加州可能会再次出现干旱。【点石成金】本句中，California’smountainsnowpack为主语，谓语动词为is，about...level为表语，raisingfears作结果状语，that引导同位语从句，解释说明fears。2.JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafiveyeardroughtthathurtthefarmeconomyandturnedforestsintopowderkegsforwildfires.杰瑞·布朗宣布结束长达五年的干旱，这场干旱损害了农业经济，把森林变成了野火的火药桶。【点石成金】该句为一个主从复合句。主句为JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafiveyeardrought，后面thathurt...wildfires为定语从句，先行词为drought。探究视角3：思维拓展干旱的原因及预防从自然因素来说，干旱的发生主要与偶然性或周期性的降水减少有关。从人类活动方面来看，人口的大量增加，森林植被遭破坏和水资源浪费都是导致干旱发生的因素。植树造林，兴修水利研究应用现代技术和节水措施都是预防干旱的有效措施。以下是与干旱有关的表达：1.Droughtcanbecausedbynotreceivingrainorsnowoveraperiodoftime.干旱可能是由于在一段时间内没有雨或雪造成的。2.Dryconditionsoftenleadtobrushfiresorwildfires.干燥的环境通常导致灌木丛火灾或野火。3.Ofalltheweather-relatedphenomenathatcancausesevereeconomicimpactsintheUnitedStates，droughtscomeinsecondonlytohurricanes.在所有可能对美国经济造成严重影响的天气现象中，干旱仅次于飓风。4.Droughtiscausedbynotonlylackofprecipitationandhightemperaturesbutbyoveruseofwaterandoverpopulation.造成干旱的原因不仅仅是缺少降水和高温，还有水资源过度使用和人口过剩。5.Droughtcanbedevastatingtoanarea’seconomyanddangerousforhumanhealth.干旱对一个地区的经济是毁灭性的，对人类健康也来说，也是很危险的。6.Infact，populationboomscantriggerdroughtsalmostbythemselves.事实上，人口激增几乎可以自行引发干旱。7.Asthehumanpopulationincreasesinaridregionsaswellaswetones，sowillthedemandforwater，and—withwatersuppliesdroppingatafasterrate—sowillthelikelihoodofdrought.随着干旱地区和潮湿地区人口的增加，对水的需求也会增加，而且随着水供应以更快的速度下降，发生干旱的可能性就会增加。8.Asidefrom