2023-2024学年高二英语译林版2020选择性试题Unit3Grammar

第8讲选择性必修二Unit3Grammar目标任务目标任务课程标准学习目标围绕人与社会的主题语境，依托语篇，通过一系列英语学习活动，发展英语学科核心素养。1．在语篇中观察、探究语法现象，自主归纳语法规则，并在新的语境和活动中正确使用语法。2．通过训练与本单元语法相关的练习加强学生的英语运用意识。002预习导学（一）课前阅读：本单元的语法是现在完成进行时：“Presentperfectcontinuoustense”Belowisapersonalaccountgivenbyagirlwhoisequippedwitharobotichand.Findthesentencesthatusethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.（黄色标注部分）AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,Icanmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobeemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.（二）基础梳理一、现在完成进行时的定义现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。如：Thosecatshavebeenscreamingforhours.那些猫叫了半天了。Wehavebeenwaitingforhimfortwohours.我们等他等了两个小时。Thedollarhasbeenclimbingsteadilyallweek.整个星期美元一直在稳步增值。二、现在完成进行时的结构现在完成进行时由“have/hasbeen+现在分词”构成。如：Saleshavebeendroppingoffbadly.销售量一直减少得很厉害。Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandahalf.我一直等了一个半小时了。We’llhavebeenlivingherefortwoyearsbynextSunday.到下星期日，我们在这里就住了整两年了。三、现在完成进行时有哪些主要用法1.表示“持续”：即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。如：Shehasbeenpruningtheroses.她一直在修剪玫瑰。He’sbeenhelpinghimselftomystationery.他未经许可一直用我的文具。Thechildrenhavebeenhavingalotoffun.孩子们一直玩得很开心。Sheisverytired.She’sbeenworkingallmorning.她很累。她干了一早晨了。2.表示“重复”即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如：We’veallalongbeenmakingmistakeslikethis.我们一直犯这样的错误。JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthepastweek.一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打。四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：allday/month;thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段，等等。如：Hehasbeenworkingallday.他整天都在工作。Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.两个月来他们一直在修桥。Theyhavebeenplantingtreesthismonth.这个月来他们一直在植树。Carsaleshavebeenshrinkingrecently.汽车销量近来一直在下降。五、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1.现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：Hehaschangedhisidea.他改变了想法。2.在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：Wehavebeenstudyingherefortwoyears.我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。3.在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如：Hehascleanedthewindow.他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)Hehasbeencleaningthewindow.他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)4.有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。如：I’veknownhimformanyyears.我认识他有许多年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争持续了很长时间。5.有少数动词(如live,work,teach,study等)用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。如：I’velived[beenliving]herefor30years.我在这儿住了30年了。Howlonghaveyouworked[beenworking]here?你在这里工作多久了?6.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性：在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，如expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look,rain,sleep,sit,snow,stand,stay,study,teach,wait,want,work等。如：你学习英语多久了?正：HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?正：HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?他已经睡了十个小时了。正：Hehassleptfortenhours.正：Hehasbeensleepingfortenhours.（三）预习作业1.预习本单元Integratedskills&Extendedreading&Project部分的重点词汇和短语2.熟读这部分出现的文章003探究提升环节一变：根据所给动词的适当形式填空1.Youknow,I________(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Mysister________(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe________(play)inthemudallthemorning.4.I________(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon.5.Hereheis!We________(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.6.—I'msureAndrewwillwinfirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________________(prepare)foritformonths.7.—Johnissaidtohavebeenmissingsincelastweek.Hashegonesomewhere?—Notreally.He_________________(decorate)hisnewlyboughtapartment.8.—Welostthefootballmatchinthelasttwominutes!—Whatbadluck!Especiallywhenyou_______________(train)sohardinthepasttwomonths.9.—I'mtootired.I_________________(work)onadesigndayandnight.—You'dbetterhaveseveraldaysoffafterfinishingit.Otherwise,youmightbreakdown.10.—Haveabreak,Lily.You_________________(practice)thepianoallmorning.—OK,Mom.Iwillstopafterthispiece.【答案】havebeenlooking2.stayed3.hasbeenplaying/hasplayed4.wondered5.havebeenwaiting6.hasbeenpreparing7.hasbeendecorating8.havebeentraining9.havebeenworking10.havebeenpracticing环节二变：单项选择1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe____intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseen D.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.works B.isworking C.hasworked D.hadworked6.—Ihavegotaheadache.—Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatputertoolong.A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworking D.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears. A.hasfallen B.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsideringC.considered D.isgoingtoconsider9.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet?—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shownB.Do;showC.Had;shownD.Did;show10.—Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.—Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted【答案】15DCDDC610CABAC环节三变：单句语法填空1.Thesesurgeons_________(operate)anoperationsince2p.m.andtheywillneedanotherthreehourstofinishit.2.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportsand_______(take)badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.3.Tony,whyareyoureyesred?I______(cut)uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.4.Hesaidhe________(leave)afewdayslater.5.Sofar,I__________(organize)severalEnglishactivitiessuccessfully,whichhavebeenAhappreciatedbybothteachersandclassmates.6.DuringhisstayinXian,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends_______(remend)before.7.Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________(make).【答案】1.havebeenoperating2.hasbeentaking3.havebeencutting4.wasleaving/wouldleave5.haveorganized6.hadremended7.havebeenmade004体系构建现在完成进行时的结构、定义和用法现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的结构、定义和用法现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别005记忆清单一、现在完成进行时表示“延续”表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行二、现在完成进行时表示“重复”表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。三、现在完成进行时的时间状语allday/month;thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段等等四、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。00601强化训练一、语法选择1.Katedoesn'tlookverywell.What'swrongwithher?Shehasaheadachebecauseshe____________toolong.Sheoughttostopwork.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.wasreading2.She____________hermother'sworksinceshewasadmittedintohospital.A.isdoingB.hasbeendoingC.hasdoneD.hasbeendone【答案】AB二、语法填空CountriesHaveDifferentKindsofEnglishesVoyagesofpeoplefromEnglandplayanimportantpartinspreading66Englishlanguage.Atpresent,Englishisfrequentlyspoken67anofficialormonlanguageinmanycountries,suchasAmerica,Singapore,MalaysiaandsomeAfricancountries.All68(base)onBritishEnglish,theEnglishspokeninthesecountriescan69(understand)wellbynativeEnglishspeakers.Butactually,theseEnglishes70（change）graduallyinaccents,spellings,expressionsandthe71(use)ofvocabulary.Becauseofthisfact,youcanmakeuseofthedifferencestotell72countrytheforeignersofyourblockarefrom.Forexample,ifabossfluentlymands73driver,“eupstraighttomyapartmentbyelevator74takesomegasformytrucksandcabs”,insteadofrequesting,“Pleaseetomyflatbyliftandtakesomepetrolformylorriesandtaxis”,youcanrecognizehisAmericanidentity,75thelattersuggeststhatheisBritish.【答案】the67.as68.based69.beunderstood70.havebeenchanging71.usage72.which73.his74.and75.While三、阅读理解IsYourDietDestroyingtheEnvironment?Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetesthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Whatmostpeoplearelessawareof,however,aretheeffectsthatavegetariandietcanhaveontheenvironment.ResearchersfromtheUnionofConcernedScientistsintheUSrecentlystudiedhowconsumerbehavioraffectstheenvironment.Thestudyshowedthatmeatconsumptionisoneofthemainwaysthathumanscandamagetheenvironment,secondonlytotheuseofmotorvehicle.Then,howcaneatingmeathaveanegativeeffectontheenvironment?Forastart,allfarmanimalssuchascows,pigs,andsheepgiveoffmethane(沼气)gasbyexpelling(排出)windfromtheirbodies.Onecowcanproduceupto60litersofmethaneeachday.Methanegasisthesecondmostmongreenhousegasaftercarbondioxide.Manyenvironmentalexpertsnowbelievethatitismoreresponsibleforglobalwarmingthancarbondioxide.Itisestimatedthat25%ofallmethanereleasedintotheatmosphereesfromfarmanimals.Anotherwaythatmeatproductionaffectstheenvironmentisthroughtheuseofwaterandland.2,500gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofbeef,whereas20gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofwheat.Oneacreoffarmlandusedforcropproductioncanproduce40,000poundsofpotatoes,30,000poundsofcarrots,or50,000poundsoftomatoes.Manypeoplenowseethebenefitsofswitchingtoavegetariandiet,notjustforhealthreasons,butalsobecauseitplaysavitalroleinprotectingtheenvironment.However,somenutritionistsadviseagainstswitchingtoatotallystrictvegetarian,orvegandiet.Theybelieveavegandiet,whichexcludesallproductsfromanimalsources,suchascheese,eggs,andmilk,canbeshortofmanynecessaryvitaminsandmineralsourbodiesneed.Today,manypeopleknowit’simportanttotakebettercareoftheirbodiesandtousetheearth’sresourcesmoreefficiently.Asthisunderstandingspreads,morepeoplemayrealizethattohelptheenvironmentandforthehumanracetosurvive,moreofuswillneedtobeevegetarians.9.Theunderlinedword“it”inPara.3refersto___________.A.expellingwind B.greenhousegas C.carbondioxide D.methanegas10.ManyfiguresareusedinPara.4toshow___________.A.growingtomatoeshasthehighestproductionB.cropproductionisbetterthanmeatproductionC.meatproductionconsumestoomuchwaterandlandD.farmanimalsarethemainproducerofthemethanegas11.Whatmessagedoesthepassagewanttoconvey?A.Ourdietisdestroyingthesurroundings.B.Raisingfarmanimalsaffectstheenvironment.C.Avegetariandiethelpstoprotecttheenvironment.D.Moreandmorepeoplearebeingstrictvegetarians.【答案】DCCDoyouthinkyouwouldworkoutmoreifyouwereofferedmoneytodoso?Sciencehasshownthatmoneycangivepeoplemotivationtoworkout,butperhapsnotinthewaythatyouthink.AccordingtoastudypublishedintheAnnalsofInternalMedicineJournal,thebeststrategyisn’tofferingmoney;it’sgivingsomeonemoney,thenthreateningtotakeitaway.Researchersgave281peoplethegoalofwalking7,000stepseverydayover13weeks.Tomotivatethepeoplewhotookparttoreachthegoal,researchersdividedthemintothreegroups.Peopleinthefirstgroupreceived$1,40(9yuan)eachdayaslongastheyfinished7,000steps,thesecondgroupwasonlyabletocollectthe$1.40iftheyhadreached7,000stepsthedaybefore,andthethirdgroupwasgiven$42atthebeginningofeachmonthand$1.40wastakenawayeverytimesomeonefailedtomeetthegoal.Thethirdgroupmettheirdailyfitnessgoals50percentmoreoftenthantheothertwogroups,showingthatpeopleweremostmotivatedtowalkbythefearoflosingmoney.“Peoplearemoremotivatedbylossesthangains,andtheylikeimmediategratification.”studyauthorDrMiteshPatel,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUS,toldCNN.“Theywanttoberewardedtoday,notnextyearorfarintothefuture.”Ourbrainstendtoavoidwantingtolosethingsmorethantheytrytogetthebenefitsfromgainingthem,Patelexplained.“Itmakespeoplethinklikethemoneyistheirstolosefromdayone.”Inaddition,inmostprograms,manyparticipantswilldropoutquicklyandonlythemotivatedwillstayinvolved,Patelsaid.“Inours,wewerepleasantlysurprisedthat96percentstayed.”headded.Thestudyprovidesevidencethatwhatmattersisnotonlythemoneyincentive（激励）,butalsohowyouthinkaboutthem.Thisisimportanttohoweffectivetheyare.Theeviden