新标准大学英语文化中国2 教案 Unit 1 From practice to perfection

NewStandardCollegeEnglishCulturalChinaB2

Teacher’sbook

Unit1Frompracticetoperfection

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

A

Detailedunderstanding

TheBookofRites

joborduty

soakinghishands

balanceofthestructure

breathingnewlife

satisfactionandimmensejoy

allure

fulfillingsocialresponsibilities

fulfillment

Languagefocus

stickto

ameanstoanend

prolongthelife

Thespiritofcraftsmanship

breathednewlifeinto

Viewing

Videoscript

WangYangmingandhislegacy:Unityofknowledgeandaction

Worth.Work.Words.Thesethreewordssummarizethreegreataccomplishments:settingmoralexamples,performinggreatdeeds,andspreadingnobleideas.ForancientChineseliterati,achievingthesethreegreataccomplishmentswasalifelongpursuit.However,theremightbeveryfewwhoseaccomplishmentscouldbeonaparwithWangShourenoftheMingDynasty,generallyknownasMasterYangming,orWangYangming.

WangYangmingsetamoralexampleforpeople,performedgreatdeedsasastatesmanandmilitary

general,andinitiatednobleideasasaphilosopher.Oneofthephilosophicalideasheadvocatedis“unityofknowledgeandaction.”Forhisgreatcontributions,hewasposthumouslygiventhetitleof“Wencheng,”andhonoredintheConfucianTemple.

Bornintoascholarlyfamilyofgovernmentofficials,WangYangminghadhighaspirationsfromearlychildhood.Hestartedhiscareerasagovernmentofficial.Hecheckedprisoners’recordsandcorrectedmanycasesofinjustice.Healsocarriedouttaxreformsandestablishedschools.Asamilitarygeneral,heorganizedcampaignsanddealtwithbanditsandrebels.Alltheseexperienceslaidasolidfoundationforhisphilosophicalthinking.

Asaphilosopher,WangYangmingstoodoutfrompreviousthinkers.Throughouthistory,Chinesethinkershadalwaysexploredthecorrespondencebetween“knowledge”and“action.”WangYangmingwentfurtherandclaimedthatthereisunityofknowledgeandaction.

“Knowledge”herereferstoawarenessandexaminationoftheprinciplesunderlyinghumanrelationsineverydaylife,and“action”referstotheimplementationoftheseprinciples.Inhisview,“action”wasthenaturaluseof“knowledge,”andthiswouldbringaboutdeeperknowledge.

Forexample,onetrulyknowsfilialpietyonlywhenoneactsuponit.Correctactionrequirescorrectknowledge,andknowledgeandactionshouldnotbeseparated.Therehaveneverbeenpeoplewhotrulyknowbutdonotact.

WangYangming’steachingshavegreatlyenrichedChinesephilosophy,andcontinuetobeinfluential.

Inthenewera,unityofknowledgeandactionstillservesasaguidingprinciple.JustasPresidentXiJinpingputsit,youngpeopletodayshould“behonestandsincere;dosolidworkandbeanuprightperson.Thecorrectwayneedstobepursuedinpractice,whilemoralityrequiresnoemptytalk.Oneshouldbemorepragmatic.Knowledgeandactionshouldgohandinhand,andthecorevaluesshouldbeturnedintomoralpursuitsaswellasadrivetomakepeopleengageinconsciousaction.”

Referenceanswers

Viewingandunderstanding

1B 2A 3B 4B 5B

Languagefocus

Amongthemanycontestantsintheskillscompetition,hestoodoutwithhissuperiorcraftsmanship.

Herdedicationtoworkwasonaparwithhermentor’s,andsheeventuallybecamerenownedforherexceptionalskillsandexpertiseinthefield.

Regardlessoftheobstacleshefaced,heremainedcommittedtoadvocatinghisethicalteachings,strivingtobringaboutapositivechangeinsocietythroughhisideas.

Today,“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”stillservesasaguidingprincipleforinterpersonalrelationships.

Inordertohelpstudentseffectivelyplantheircareerpaths,theschoolcarriedoutasurveyonstudents’vocationalinterestsandorganizedaseriesoflectures.

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

C

Detailedunderstanding

mythicalfigure

redstring

unbreakablebond

predestinedfate

perseverance

dragondog

entrusted

eternallove

Languagefocus

aniconicfeature

havenochoicebutto

Aglimpseinto

payourrespects

issuedaproclamation

Unit2Loveforall

Viewing

Videoscript

ThevoiceofChina

“Musicexpressesthatwhichcannotbeputintowordsandthatwhichcannotremainsilent,”saidtheFrenchwriterVictorHugo.

Musichasanoverwhelmingpower.Sometimesitbringsusjoyandfondmemories,sometimesitdrivesustosilenceandtears,andsometimesitcheersusup,motivatingustotakeaction.DuringtheChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression,twoinspirationalsongswereborn,voicingtheunconquerablespiritoftheChinesepeople.Theyarethe“MarchoftheVolunteers”andtheYellowRiverCantata.

The“MarchoftheVolunteers”wasreleasedin1935,withlyricsbythepoetTianHanandmusicbythecomposerNieEr.ItwasoriginallythethemesongofthefilmSonsandDaughtersinaTimeof

Storm.ThefilmtellsthestoryofthosewhowenttothefronttofighttheJapaneseinvadersinthe1930s.

ThesongappealedtoChinesepeople’spatrioticenthusiasm,andexpressedtheircourage,resolution,andsolidarityinthefaceofforeignaggression.ItwasalsotranslatedintoEnglishandreleasedunderthetitle“CheeLai!”or“Arise!”intheU.S.Later,attheendoftheSecondWorldWar,itwasselectedasoneofthesongstocelebratethevictoryoftheAlliesoverfascism.

AsimilarthemerunsthroughtheYellowRiverCantata.InNovember1938,asthepoetGuangWeiranwascrossingtheYellowRiver,hewasawedbytheriver’smagnificenceandtheupliftingsongsoftheboatmen.Hepouredhisstrongemotionsintowritingthe400-linepoem“OdetotheYellowRiver,”whichwascompletedin1939.HiscomposerfriendXianXinghaiwasmovedbythelinesandtheyworkedtogethertosetthepoemtomusic.TheYellowRiverCantatawascreated.

Thechorus,featuringtheYellowRiverasasymbolofheroismandeverlastingpower,soonspreadthroughoutChina.Encouragedbythecantata,peoplebravelydefendedthecountryagainstJapaneseaggression.Thechorusalsospreadoverseasandbecameoneofthemostinfluentialvoicesofitstime.

Thesetwosongsaresopowerfulthattheytranscendtimeandspace.

OnOctober1,1949,the“MarchoftheVolunteers”resoundedonTian’anmenSquareatthefoundingceremonyofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.OnDecember4,1982,thesongwasofficiallyadoptedasthenationalanthemofChina.

Carryingsimilarsignificance,theYellowRiverCantataservesasanothericonicpieceofmusicthatbindsthecountrytogether.Itremindsustorememberhistory,honorthemartyrs,andcherishthepeaceandhappinessweenjoytoday.

Referenceanswers

Viewingandunderstanding

themesong

patrioticenthusiasm

celebratethevictory

nationalanthem

symbol

defend

influential

iconic

Languagefocus

Musicisthecommonlanguageofhumankind,whichcantranscendtimeandspaceandtouchpeople’shearts.

Thecomposerwassoawedbythemagnificenceofnaturethathecreatedthisimmortalpieceof

music.

Thepatrioticsong’smovinglyricsandmelodyappealedtoadeepsenseofnationalprideamongpeoplealloverthecountry.

Inthefaceofinitialcriticismanddoubt,theyoungsingerdidn’tgiveup.Heperseveredwithhissingingstyleandeventuallywontheaudience’srecognition.

“MyMotherland,”thethemesongofthemovieBattleonShangGanLingMountain,isanupliftingsongthatevokespeople’spatrioticenthusiasm.

Unit3Morethangames

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

C

Detailedunderstanding

Theystrategicallypositiontheirstonestomapoutformationsandclaimterritories.

Thestoryshowshowweiqicancaptureone’sattentionforalongtimeanddistanceapersonfromtheoutsideworld.

TheprofoundimpactofweiqionChinaandtheworld.

Weiqiismorethanjustagame.Itservesasamilitarystrategygame.Italsoprovidesphilosophicalinsights.

Weiqihasalmostinfinitevariationsandplayingweiqirequiresagreatdealofcalculation

ManyChinesepeopleloveweiqifortheessenceofChinesephilosophyitembodies.

Wecanfindtheconceptofthegoldenmean,whichadvisesustofollowthestandardofmoderationindealingwithothersandinone’severydayconduct.

Weshouldalwaysbepreparedforpotentialchallengesorunexpectedobstacles.

Languagefocus

wereintriguedby

Remainingproactive

Shapingourmindsets

mappedout

infinitevariations

comeintoplay

Viewing

Videoscript

Diplomatsintracksuits

InApril1971,inNagoya,Japan,ayoungAmericantabletennisplayer,GlennCowan,hoppedthewrongshuttlebus,whichcarriedtheChinesenationaltabletennisteam.Thiswasanembarrassingmoment,becauseithappenedduringtheColdWar,andChinaandtheU.S.hadnodiplomaticties.Afterafewminutesofsilence,theChineseplayerZhuangZedongreachedouttoshakehandswiththeAmericanyouth.Throughaninterpreter,hetalkedwithCowanandevengavehimasilkrollofChina’sMountHuangshanasagift.Thenextday,CowanreturnedthefavorbygivingZhuangZedongaT-shirtwithapeacesymbolandthelyricsoftheBeatles’song“LetItBe.”

Thisaccidentalencounterwasthetriggerforanexchangebetweenthetwocountries.AttheinvitationoftheChinesedelegation,theU.S.tabletennisteamcametoBeijingthesamemonth.TheyplayedfriendlymatcheswiththeirChinesecounterparts.

ThevisitopenedanewchapterintherelationsbetweentheAmericanandChinesepeopleandgotextensivemediacoverage.Timemagazinecalledit“thepingheardroundtheworld.”TheChinesetabletennisteammadeareturnvisittotheU.S.in1972.Thisexchangebroketheicebetweenthetwocountriesthathadlastedformorethantwodecades.

Probablyneverbeforeinhistoryhasasportbeenusedsoeffectivelyasatoolofinternationaldiplomacy.Sincethen,“thelittleballmovesthebigball”hasbecomeanexpressionthatpeopleoftenusewhenreferringtothathistoricalperiod.

Athletesare“diplomatsintracksuits.”TheyhaveplayedanimportantroleinChina’sinternationalaffairs,allowingChinatobetterengagewiththeworldandviceversa.

In1984,onthefirstdayofthe23rdOlympicGamesinLosAngeles,XuHaifengwonthefirstgoldmedaloftheGamesintheindividualfreepistolevent.ItwasChina’sfirstOlympicgoldmedal.ItwasalsothefirsttimethatthenationalanthemofthePeople’sRepublicofChinahadbeenplayedandChina’sfive-starredflaghadbeenraisedatOlympicGames.ThespiritofarisingChinawasdemonstratedtotheworld.

The1984OlympicGamesalsowitnessedtheOlympicdebutoftheChinesewomen’svolleyballteam.Theteamwongoldandstoodonthehighestpodium,becomingasymbolofChina’sinternationalascent.From1981to1986,theycreatedanunprecedentedrecordwinningfivesuccessiveworldchampionships,whichfurtherenhancedtheChinesepeople’snationalconfidenceandpride.

Inthenewera,Chineseathleteshavebeenworkinghardtobecomeleadingfiguresintheirrespectivefields.Asdiplomatsonandoffthesportsground,theyarepresentingtotheworldtheimageofastrong,confident,andprosperousChina.

Referenceanswers

Viewingandunderstanding

reachedout

trigger

anewchapter

internationaldiplomacy

spirit

unprecedentedrecord

enhanced

Languagefocus

Thereformandopening-uphasopenedanewchapterinthedevelopmentofsportsinChina.

ThehostingoftheBeijingWinterOlympicshasbeenthetriggerforanexplosivegrowthofinterestinwintersports.

Afterwinningthematch,hetooktheinitiativetoreachouttoshakehandswithhisopponentandoffercomfort,whichdemonstratesgoodsportsmanship.

Thisathleteperformedexceptionallywellinthecompetition,winningseveralgoldmedalsandcreatinganunprecedentedrecord.

Awarmsmileandafriendlygreetingcanquicklybreaktheiceandhelpestablishapositiveconnectionwithopponents.

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

B

Detailedunderstanding

eitherside

expandtheirhouse

yield

confronting

friendlyandneighborly

paylipservice

humiliate

prioritizing

alliance

Languagefocus

stemsfrom

paylipservice

lashingout

settledisputes

Contrarytoexpectations

Unit4Giveandtake

Viewing

Videoscript

Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers

FarawayfromChina,inWashington,D.C.,thefigureofamanfromChinawascarvedinthecentralsculpturalgroupontheEasternPedimentoftheU.S.SupremeCourtBuilding.ThismanisConfucius,theancientChinesephilosopherandeducator,whoseteachingshavestoodthetestoftimeandcontinuetoimpactmodernlife.

WhyConfucius?Thereisgoodreason.Accordingtothedesignerofthesculpturalgroup,“Lawasanelementofcivilizationwasnormallyandnaturallyderivedorinheritedinthiscountryfromformercivilizations.The‘EasternPediment’oftheSupremeCourtBuildingsuggeststhereforethetreatmentofsuchfundamentallawsandpreceptswasderivedfromtheEast.”

ConfuciusmadegreatcontributionstotheformationanddevelopmentofChinesecivilization.Oneofhismostfamousteachingsis“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.”This

sharesasimilarmeaningto“Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou,”thewordsonamosaicattheHeadquartersoftheUnitedNationsinNewYork,wheretheworld’snationsgathertogether,discusscommonproblems,andfindsharedsolutions.Today,thisprincipleisreveredasacommonethicalstandardandrenownedastheguidingruleformanagingrelationships.

LivingduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,Confuciuswitnessedawar-tornandturbulentsociety.Hetookituponhimselftorestoreorderanddevelopedasystemofbeliefsaboutgovernance,morality,andlaw.Accordingtorecords,hewasonceasked,“Isthereonewordthatcanserveasaprincipleforconductinone’swholelife?”Confucius’sreplywasfirmandtothepoint,“SurelythatistobeALTRUISM!Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.”Confuciusbelievedthatpeopleshouldputthemselvesinthepositionofothers,andrefrainfromimposingonotherswhattheydonotwantthemselves.Thisisabasicprincipleforconductingoneselfinlife.

AccordingtoConfucius,socialharmonywouldnaturallyfollowfromtheproperorderingofindividualsinrelationtooneanother.Therefore,heupheldthepropercultivationofpersonalqualitiessuchasbenevolence,consideration,andfilialpiety.Overthecenturies,thesebeliefshavebeenheldinhighesteembytheChinesepeopleandappliedindealingwithsocialrelationsandinternationalaffairsaswell.

TheChinesecivilizationhasbecomewhatitistodaythroughconstantinteractionswithothercivilizations.Followingtheguidingrule,Chinawillcontinuetopursuefriendship,neighborliness,andharmonyforabetterworldformankind.

Referenceanswers

Viewingandunderstanding

wascarved

precepts

acommonethicalstandard

asystemofbeliefs

imposingon

cultivation

heldinhighesteem

constantinteractions

harmony

Languagefocus

Sheisheldinhighesteembythepeoplearoundherforhergenerosity,selflessness,andreadinesstohelpothers.

Everyonehastheirownthoughtsandstylesofdoingthings,andwecannotimposeourownwishesonothers.

Weshouldemphasizethecultivationofaspiritofsolidarityinordertoenhancethecohesionandfightingcapacityoftheteam.

Weshouldrefrainfromspreadingrumorsasthiscanpotentiallydamagethereputationofotherpeople.

Publicfiguresshouldconductthemselvesappropriatelybecausetheireverywordandactionmayhaveanimpactonmanypeople.

Unit5Artandlife

Reading

Referenceanswers

Pre-reading

inkandwater

landscape

scenicbeauty

paintbrush

Globalunderstanding

Part1-cPart2-aPart3-bPart4-d

Detailedunderstanding

CBDAD

Languagefocus

looknofurther

isrootedin

(an)artisticambiance

cameintosight

isatributeto

masterfuluseof

Viewing

Videoscript

TheBookofSongs

Theselinesareoftenquotedandmuchlovedfortheirromanticism,rhythmicflow,andpoeticsetting.Theyarefrom“GuanJu,”whichisthefirstpoeminTheBookofSongs,theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry.AsConfuciusremarked,thepoem“expressesenjoymentwithoutindulgenceandgriefwithoutexcessivedistress.”

ConfuciusgavehighpraisetoTheBookofSongs,saying“IfyoudonotstudyTheBookofSongs,youwillnotbeabletoexpressyourselfproperly.”Healsocalleduponhisdisciplestostudyit,saying“TheBookofSongscanstimulateyouremotions,broadenyourobservations,enlargeyourfellowship,andexpressyourgrievances.”

TheBookofSongsisananthologyof305poemsorsongs.ThesepoemsdatebackfromtheearlyWesternZhouDynastytothemidSpringandAutumnPeriod,coveringaspanofabout500years.Scholarsusesixwordstocharacterizethepoems:feng,ya,song,fu,bi,andxing.Thefirstthreewordsrefertostyleandtune:fengisballad,yaiscourthymn,andsongiseulogy.Thelatterthreerefertowayofexpression:fumeansnarrative,bimeansanalogy,andxingmeansassociation.

TheBookofSongsrecreatesandreflectsnearlyeveryaspectofancientChina.Thepoemstellaboutpeopleworkinghardinthefieldsorenjoyingtheirleisuretime,gettingtogetherforfunordepartinginsadness.Someofthemcelebratethebeautyofnature,whileotherspresentscenesofsolemnreligiousceremoniesatcourt.Whenwereadthepoems,weseetheworldasitwasatthetime–fromstateaffairstopeople’severydaylife.Thisiswhatcontributestotheirhistoricalandliteraryvalue.

TheinfluenceofTheBookofSongsextendsfarbeyondliterature.ItisavaluabledocumentforthosewhowishtounderstandChinesecultureandbeyond.ItissaidthatduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,diplomatswouldquotelinesfromitwhentheywantedtobelessdirectorfindwaysto

deliverdifficultmessages.Thishappensintoday’sdiplomaticaffairstoo.

TheBookofSongshasbecomeasourceofthought,culture,andaestheticsfortheChinesepeopleinthelongcourseofseveralmillennia.IthasenrichedthemindandsouloftheChinesepeople,andwillcontinuetoplayitsroleinnurturingtheChinesenationandcivilization.

Referenceanswers

Pre-viewing

TheBookofSongs

Viewingandunderstanding

oldestexisting

poemsorsongs

styleandtune

wayofexpression

leisuretime

nature

literature

Chineseculture

Diplomats

thought

Languagefocus

TheycalledupontheclubmemberstoreadclassicalChineseliterature,andregularlyorganizedliterarygroupactivitiestosharewhattheyhavelearnedfromreadingandexchangereadingexperiences.

ConfuciusgavehighpraisetoTheBookofSongsandoftenusedittoteachhisdisciples,which

reflectstheprofoundinfluenceofTheBookofSongsonancientChineseculture.

ADreamofRedMansions,anarrativeworkinChineseliteraryhistory,isregardedasanencyclopediaoftraditionalChinesecultureandrepresentsthepeakofclassicalChinesenovels.

Masteringanewlanguagecanstimulatethemind,promotecognitivedevelopment,anddevelopcross-culturalcommunicationskills.

BystudyinganthologiesofancientChinesepoetry,onecangainadeeperinsightintothevaluesoftraditionalChineseculture.

Unit6Pushingtheboundaries

Reading

Referenceanswers

Pre-reading

Thedepthofthewateris12units,andthelengthofthereedis13units.Gougutheoremisusedtosolvetheproblem.

Globalunderstanding

A

Detailedunderstanding

mostinfluential

reference

3) 246

landmeasurement

inscribingapolygon

numericalvalue

seventhdecimalplace

numbertheory

nationaleconomy

practicalproduction

Languagefocus

Theoreticalresearch

workout

timelessclassic

approximatethevalue

Logicalreasoning

Viewing

Videoscript

Stargazing

Sinceancienttimes,ourancestorshavebeenlookingupatthesky,inspiredbythewondersoftheshiningsun,thechangingmoon,andthesparklingstars.

TheearliestverifiedrecordofasolareclipseintheworldcanbetracedbacktoaboneinscriptionfromtheShangDynasty.TheChinesepeoplemadestarmaps,andnamedindividualstarsandgroups

ofstars.TheyspottedHalley’sCometprobablyasearlyas1057B.C.and,in1054A.D.,asupernovaknownastheCrabNebula.Theyalsodevisedcalendarsbasedonskyobservations,andthe24solartermsweredefinedaccordingtothesun’spositionalongtheecliptic.

InancientChina,manyastronomersdelvedintothemysteriesofthesky.OneoftheseluminariesisZhangHeng,anastronomer,mathematician,andgeographerwholived2,000yearsago.

ZhangHengwasasupporteroftheHuntiantheory,whichclaimsthattheEarthisinsidethesky,justliketheyolkisinsideanegg.Withthistheory,hedevisedtheworld’sfirstwater-poweredarmillarysphere,orhuntianyiinChinese.Thewaterpowermakesthesphereturnonaregularbasis.TherotationspeedisthesameasthatoftheEarth.Therefore,bylookingatthesphere,peoplecanseethemovementsofthestars.AnothergreatcontributionofZhangHengishisfamousworkentitledLingXian,orTheSpiritualConstitutionoftheUniverse.Inthiswork,hediscussedtheorigin,evolution,andstructureofthecosmosfromaphilosophicalperspective,andexplainedtheessenceandmovementofthesun,themoon,andthestars.Healsoscientificallyexplainedthecausesoflunareclipsesforthefirsttime.

Throughouthistory,Chineseastronomershavekeptcontinuousrecordsofastronomicalphenomena,mademorethan100astronomicalcalendars,andinventednumerousastronomicalinstruments.

Nowadays,Chinesepeoplehaveadvancedfurther