北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册课时分层作业9

课时分层作业(九)Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhatisthegreatestthreattomankind？Maybedifferentpeoplecomeupwithdifferentanswers.However，thereisnodenyingthefactthattheonlythreattohumankind，apartfromhumankinditself，is，withoutanydoubt，thenature.Naturaldisastersaretheresultofnaturalenvironmentalprocessesthathaveadamagingeffectonpeople.Naturaldisasterscancomeinmanyforms：suchasgeologicaleventslikeearthquakes，tsunamisormud-rockflows，climaticeventslikestorms，hurricanesortornadoesandfireeventslikeforestfiresandwildfires.Thedamagedonebynaturaldisastersismainlyasaresultofourinabilitytopredictexactlywhentheywillhappen.Althoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeindesigninganddevelopingforecastingmodelsforsomenaturaldisaster，completecertaintyisstillimpossible.Eventobepessimisticthereisapossibilitythathumanbeingswillneverachieveaccuratepredictionofthehappeningofallnaturaldisasters.What'smore，eventhoughwewereabletopredictthesedisastersfromnature，preventingthemisequallyimpossible.Soweonlyhavetwowaystobothpreventinjuriesordeathsandreduceeconomiclossestotheleast.Thesetwomethodsaretopreparebeforeanaturaldisastercomestohit，andtomanagethenecessaryresourcesandpublicservicesafteranaturaldisasterstrikes.Thesetwothingshavealwaysbeenattheleadingpositionoftheprojectsofbothnationalgovernmentsandinternationalorganizations.IntheUnitedStates，theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)isresponsibleforthe“preparedness，responseandrecoveryplanning”ofbothman-madeandnaturaldisasters.Mostnaturaldisasterscannotbeprevented，andbothemergencypreparationandgooddisastermanagementarethebestwaystodealwiththem.Althoughnaturaleventsmayappeartoservenopurposebutsimplytopunishanddestroy，naturaldisasters，aperfectsymbolofthegreatpowerofthenature，aredisplayofourplanet'sevolutionanditsstateofchange.1．Whichcan'tberegardedasasimilaritybetweentornadoesandearthquakes?A．Theycannotbeprevented.B．Theyarebothgeologicalevents.C．Theycausedamagetopeople.D．Theyareboththeresultofnaturalenvironmentalprocesses.2．Thereasonwhynaturaldisasterscausesomuchdamageisthat________．A．itisverydifficulttopredictwhenexactlytheywillhappenB．ourforecastingequipmentistoooldformanynaturaldisastersC．wedon'tdoenoughpreparationbeforenaturaldisastersstrikeD．wedon'thavethenecessarypublicservicestouseafternaturaldisastersstrike3．Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A．naturaldisasterscannotbepredictedatallB．humanbeingsarepessimistictothefutureC．beingwell-preparedcanavoideconomiclossesD．goodpreparationanddisastermanagementareadvisable4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ASymbolofthePowerofNatureB．TheGreatestThreattoMankindC．NaturalDisastersandMankindD．ReduceLossestotheLeastBHowcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments—mostlyforentertainmentpurposes—isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However，mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored，lonely，andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies，butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehaviour，intelligence，orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages，andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name，diet，andthenaturalrange.Theanimals'normalbehaviourisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces，withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviourcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars，andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth，asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore，mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding(圈养繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats，Asianelephants，andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogrammesbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact，babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven'tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually，wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonswhypeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos，weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.5．Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals'lifeinzoos?A．Dangerous. B．Unhappy.C．Natural. D．Easy.6．Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?A．Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.B．Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.C．Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.D．Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.7．Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby________．A．pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdoB．usingevidencehehascollectedatzoosC．questioningthewayanimalsareprotectedD．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitatsⅡ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。Growingup，myparentsandolderbrothersallsmoked.Beingachildofthe80s，itwasnormalfortheadultstobesmokinginsideandduringtripsinthecar.Therejustwasn'tthesameawarenessofthedangersofsecond-handsmokeexposurethatthereistoday.IrememberthedaywhenIstartedsmoking.Iwas11.Iwastryingtoimpressoneofthe“badboys”atschool.IstoletobaccofrommyfatherandratherclumsilyrolledacigarettethatItooktoschoolwithme.Smokinggavemeasenseofautonomyandchoiceovermyownlife，andat11itwastheultimateactofrebellion.SoonIgotaddictedtoitandwastakingcigarettesfromdad'spacketsonaregularbasis.Iknewheneverstartedcountingthemuntilhehadlessthanhalfapackleft.AfterawhileIgotcaughtsmokingatschool.Myparentsstruckadealwithme:ifIstoppedsmokingatschool，theywouldpurchasemoretobaccosformetosmokeathome.Thiswasperhapsamisguidedattempttokeepmeoutoftrouble.Ijumpedattheidea，andsimplygotsmarteraboutsmokingatschool.Ismokedrightthroughmyteensandearly20s，spendingthousandsofdollarsoncigarettes，sacrificingfoodandothernecessitiestoensureIhadcigarettes.Itriedmanymethodstoquit，buteachtimeIwouldgobacktosmoking.Ihavealwayshadalove-haterelationshipwithcigarettes.Ontheonehand，theywereafriendtomewhenIhadnoother，oneconstantinmylifeIcouldrelyon.Ontheotherhand，Idespised(鄙视)beingdependentonsomethingthatwasgoingtokillme.IgrewconcernedabouttheeffectmysmokingwouldhaveonmychildrenandIfeltguiltyputtingcigarettesoverotherthingsthatcouldhavebenefitedmyfamily.ItiswithgreatshamethatIadmitthatIcontinuedsmokingevenafterhav