北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT2 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK Lesson1讲义

1．Hewhoseizestherightmoment，istherightman.—Goethe谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。——歌德2．Thepeoplewhogetoninthisworldarethepeoplewhogetupandlookforcircumstancestheywant，andiftheycannotfindthem，makethem.—BernardShaw在这个世界上取得成就的人，都努力去寻找他们想要的机会，如果找不到机会，他们便自己创造机会。——萧伯纳3．Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.—CharlieChaplin人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。——查理·卓别林4．Trynottobecomeamanofsuccessbutrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.—Einstein不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。——爱因斯坦5．Victorywon'tcometomeunlessIgotoit.—M.Moore胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。——穆尔Successmeansdifferentthingsfordifferentpeople.Somemayequateitwithfame，somewithwealthandstillsomewithaccomplishments.Forme，itmeansfulfillingone'sdreams.Whateveryourdreamsare，youhaveagoalthereandthenfocusallyourattentiononit.Dreamsbringyouhopeandhappiness.Intheprocessofstrugglingforit，youcry，sweat，complainorevencurse，butthejoyofharvestingmakesyouforgetallthepainsandtroublesyouhavegonethrough.Soanoldproverbsaysthatthesweetestfruitisonethathasundergonethebitterestordeal.Shouldpeoplestoponcetheyhaveachievedsomething?No!Inlife，theyarealwaystryingtomakethingsbetterorhavemoreofthesamesuccess.Athletesareconstantlystriving(努力)toshortentimeforraces，increaseheightsordistances.Theworldofmedicinehashaditsseriesofsuccesses，too.ChristianBarnardperformedseveralsuccessfulhearttransplants.Othermedicalexpertshaveachievedorgantransplants.Throughouttheages，mankindhasfoundtreatmentsandcuresforcancerandotherdiseases.AcureforAIDSmightsoonbediscovered.Successdoesnotbelongonlytotherichandfamous.Itshouldbethegoalofeveryone.Manysuccessfulpeoplehavehadhumblebeginnings.Atwork，westriveforachievement，too.Successmaymeanorganizingaconferencemoreeffectivelyandefficientlyeachyear.Sometimes，itisnotapatonthebackorthepromotionthatmakesitworthwhile.Thejourneytosuccesshasitsroadblocks，discouragementanddistractions.Ittakesgreatresourcefulnessandachievementtoovercomeobstaclesandsetbackstomoveonsuccessfully.[探究发现]1．Whyathletesareconstantlystrivingtoshortentimeforraces?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．WhatisChristianBarnard'ssuccess?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Accordingtothepassage，whodoessuccessbelongto?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SectionⅠTOPICTALK&LESSON1Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.astronaut A．adj.obeyingtherules()2.disciplined B．n.宇航员()3.enthusiastic C．adj.感激的()4.appreciative D．adj.最后的，最终的()5.ultimate E．adj.feelingorshowing alotofexcitement andinterestaboutsb./sth.()6.commitment F．n.thefactofdoing sth.togetherorof workingtogether towardsasharedaim()7.cooperation G．n.寝室，学生宿舍()8.employee H．n.thewillingnessto workhardandgiveyour energyandtimetoajoboranactivity()9.dormitory I．n.家具()10.furniture J．n.雇员B．短语匹配()1.makesense A．发迹；出人头地()2.geton B．退出，脱离；辍学()3.dropout C．有意义；解释得通()4.turnone'sbackon D．赠送；捐赠()5.giveaway E．不理睬；背弃Ⅱ.默写单词1．________n. 象征，标志2．________adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的3．________adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的4．________adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的5．________vt. 欣赏；赏识6．________n. 饥饿，饥荒7．________adj. 内疚的，羞愧的8．________n. 教授Ⅰ.语境填词hunger；guilty；professor；dormitories；optimistic；means；ambitious；symbol；appreciate；career1．Inthispoemthebuddingflower________youth.2．Theyarecautiously________thatthereformswilltakeplace.3．Only________studentsgetthebestmarks.4．Thewhitecolourisa________ofpurity.5．Youcan't________Englishpoetryunlessyouunderstanditsrhythm.6．Myuncleentereduponadiplomatic________attheageofthirty-five.7．Threehundredpeopleinthistownaredyingof______everyday.8．Bobfelt________thathehadnotmadeanattempttosaveher.9．The________adaptedhislecturetohisaudience.10．Mostofthestudentsofthiscollegelivein________．Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Ifelt________(guilt)aboutnotvisitingmyparentsmoreoften.2．Thousandsaregoing________(hunger)becauseofthefailureofthisyear'sharvest.3．IputapillowonthesaddlesothatIcouldride______(comfortable)．4．Everysingle________(employ)turnedupatthemeeting，evenpeoplewhousuallystayedaway.5．Hewas________(determine)togivehisfamilyasecureandsolidbase.6．Thegovernmentis________(commit)toprotectingtheinterestsoftenants.7．Theheadmasterinourschoolhopesthatwewillbemore________(ambition)whenwegraduatethanwhenwegotadmitted.8．Hewasvery________(appreciate)ofhiscolleagues'supportduringhisillness.9．He'sbeenoutofactionfor16monthswithaseriousknee________(injure)．10．Themeetingdiscussedhowtopromote________(cooperate)betweenthetwocountries.1．Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingupwaysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect，andtherestoftheirtimethinkingaboutallthethingstheywilldooncetheybecomerich.他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。2．However，therearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbacksontheirmillionsandfoundotherformsofsuccessintheirlives.然而_______________________________，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。3．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，___________________。4．Theydidn'thavethechancetolearnandgetoninlife.他们没有___________________________________。5．JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree.詹森·哈利________________________，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。课文助读①becomeamillionaire成为百万富翁②asymbolofsuccess成功的象征③ultimategoal最终目标④dreamup虚构，凭空想出⑤thinkabout考虑⑥getthesenseofsuccess获得成功感⑦lookfor寻找⑧worryabout担心⑨workhard努力工作⑩becomewealthy变得富有⑪makemoney赚钱⑫losethesenseofsuccess失去成功感⑬turnone'sbackon不理睬；背弃⑭otherformsofsuccess其他形式的成功⑮acollegeprofessor大学教授⑯afortuneoftwomilliondollars两百万美元的财产⑰asmalldormitoryroom小宿舍⑱second-handfurniture二手家具⑲takecareof照料⑳growsomevegetables种些蔬菜㉑charityshops慈善商店㉒appreciatethischange欣赏这种变化㉓bepleasedtodo...很高兴做某事㉔giveup放弃㉕betiredof厌倦，讨厌㉖regard...as认为……是㉗makethechoicetodo...决定做……㉘giveall...moneyaway把……钱财都捐赠出去㉙bringsb.happiness给某人带来快乐㉚livesimply过简单生活㉛behelpfultoothers帮助别人㉜millionsofpeople数百万人㉝dieofhunger饿死㉞havethechancetolearn有机会学习㉟geton发迹；出人头地㊱feelveryguilty感到很内疚㊲withoutdoinganything什么都不做㊳giveaway...to把……赠送给㊴morethan超过㊵banknotes钞票㊶homelesspeople无家可归的人㊷akindofsatisfaction一种满足㊸meandoing...意味着㊹awell-paidjob一份高薪工作㊺asenseofachievement成就感㊻comefrom来自；出生于㊼truemeaninginlife生活的真谛㊽livecomfortably生活舒适㊾havenoworries没有烦恼㊿dropoutofthiskindoflifestyle放弃这种生活方式eq\o(○,\s\up2(51))bemuchhappier更快乐eq\o(○,\s\up2(52))accordingtoone'svalues按照某人的价值观原文呈现MONEYVSSUCCESSAngelaJohnsoninterviewsex-millionaireJasonHarleyForalotofpeople，becomingamillionaire①isasymbolofsuccess②andtheysetthisastheirultimategoal③.Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingup④waysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect，andtherestoftheirtimethinkingabout⑤allthethingstheywilldooncetheybecomerich.(1)Butdoallmillionairesgetthesenseofsuccess⑥theywerelookingfor⑦aftertheyachievetheirgoals？(2)Somecontinuetoworryabout⑧moneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhard⑨tobecomewealthy⑩，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoney⑪sotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccess⑫theyhaveachieved.(3)However，therearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbackson⑬theirmillionsandfoundotherformsofsuccess⑭intheirlives(4)．JasonHarleyisoneexample.(1)句中theyexpect为定语从句，修饰先行词success；theywilldo也是定语从句，修饰先行词things；oncetheybecomerich为时间状语从句。(2)句中theywerelookingfor为定语从句，修饰先行词success；aftertheyachievetheirgoals为时间状语从句。(3)句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句；so连接表示因果关系的并列句；whentheybecomemillionaires为时间状语从句；theyhaveachieved为定语从句，修饰先行词thesenseofsuccess。(4)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。Sixteenyearsago，Jasonwasacollegeprofessor⑮withahugesix-bedroomhouseandafortuneoftwomilliondollars⑯.Todayhelivesinasmalldormitoryroom⑰withonlysecond-handfurniture⑱.TherearecertainlynosignsthatJasonisarichandsuccessfulman(5)！Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees，whichJasonenjoystakingcareof⑲(6)．Healsogrowssomevegetables⑳andafewflowers.Hegetshisclothesandalotofotherthingsfromcharityshops㉑.(5)that引导同位语从句。(6)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruittrees。ButJasonappreciatesthischange㉒.Heispleasedto㉓giveup㉔thelifestyleofarichman.Hewastiredof㉕beingregardedas㉖livingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.(7)Hemadethechoiceto㉗giveallhismoneyaway㉘.Andthis，hesaid，broughthimhappiness㉙andasenseofsuccessinlife.(7)句中while引导表示对比关系的并列句，第一个分句中whohadeverything为定语从句，修饰先行词aperson。“Idon'tneedalotofmoney.Idon'twanttobuymorethings.Ihaveenough，”saidJason.“WhatIwant(8)istolivesimply㉚andbehelpfultoothers㉛.Afewyearsago，Iwasamillionaire，butIknewmillionsofpeople㉜diedofhunger㉝everyyear，andtherewereplaceswithnoschoolsandnoteachers.Somanypeoplecouldnevergotoschool.Theydidn'thavethechancetolearn㉞andgeton㉟inlife.ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty㊱beingarichmanwithoutdoinganything㊲.”(8)what引导主语从句。Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneyto㊳charities.Wheneverhehadmorethan㊴twothousanddollars(9)，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotes㊵tohomelesspeople㊶inthestreetsoflocalareas.“Itwasakindofsatisfaction㊷andarealsenseofsuccessthatIhadneverfeltbefore(10)，”saidJason.“Sure，manypeoplethinkthat‘success’meanshaving㊸millionsinthebankorawell-paidjob㊹(11)．ButIthinkmysenseofachievement㊺comesfrom㊻helpingothersandfindingtruemeaninginlife㊼(12)．”(9)whenever引导时间状语从句。(10)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词success。(11)that引导宾语从句。(12)省略that的宾语从句，其中and连接两个动名词短语作comesfrom的宾语。Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyarelivingcomfortably㊽andearningenoughmoney，theywillhavenoworries㊾.(13)However，mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough(14)．JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle㊿，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree(15)．Arethereanythingshemissesfromhispast(16)？“No，I'mmuchhappiereq\s\up3(\o(○,\s\up2(51)))now，becauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalueseq\s\up3(\o(○,\s\up2(52)))(17)．Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.(18)”(13)Mostpeoplebelieve后为宾语从句，其中when...enoughmoney为时间状语从句。(14)省略that的宾语从句。(15)that引导宾语从句。(16)省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词things。(17)because引导原因状语从句。(18)句中howmuchmoneyyouhave和howyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife都作介词by的宾语。译文参考金钱与成功安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利对很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，他们把这作为他们的最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。但是，是否所有的百万富翁在实现他们的目标后都获得了他们所追求的成功感呢？有些人在成为百万富翁后仍然担心钱的问题——他们努力工作成为富人，但之后他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们就不会失去已经获得的成功感。然而有些人却放弃了百万家财，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一幢六间卧室的大房子和两百万美元的财产。今天他住在一个只有二手家具的小宿舍里。没有任何迹象表明詹森是一个富有和成功的人！外面有一个小花园，里面有几棵果树，詹森喜欢照料它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他的衣服和其他很多东西都是从慈善商店买的。但是詹森很欣赏这种变化。他很乐意放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，而许多人却一无所有。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说，这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。“我不需要很多钱。我不想买更多的东西。我拥有的已经够多了，”詹森说。“我想要的是简单的生活和帮助别人。几年前，我是一个百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿。有些地方没有学校，没有老师。那么多人永远无法上学。他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。这让我很担心，我为自己是一个有钱人而什么都不做而感到很内疚。”因此他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。只要他有两千多美元，他就会把小面额的钞票送给当地街道上无家可归的人。“这是一种我从未有过的满足感和真正的成就感，”詹森说。“当然，许多人认为‘成功’意味着银行里有数百万美元或者有一份高薪工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助别人并找到生活的真谛。”大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适，并挣到足够的钱时，他们就不会有任何烦恼。然而，大多数人总是觉得自己挣得不够。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。他怀念过去的东西吗？“不，我现在快乐多了，因为我是按照自己的价值观生活的。成功不是看你有多少钱，而是看你如何理解生活的真谛。”速读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.阅读判断判断以下句子提供的信息是正确(T)，还是错误(F)。1．Whenwegetthesuccesswewant，wewillfeelhappy. ()2．Jasonwasregardedasasuccessfulmanbuthewasnothappy. ()3．Bygivingawaymoneyandhelping，Jasonhadasenseofsuccess. ()4．Jasongaveawayallhismoneytocharities. ()5．NothavingmuchgivesJasonmorefreedom. ()Ⅱ.补全信息选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：A．beingregardedaslivingasuccessfullifeB．takingcareofC．beingarichmanwithoutdoinganythingD．becomingamillionaireE．helpingothersandfindingtruemeaninginlifeF．havingmillionsinthebankorawell-paidjob1．Foralotofpeople，________isasymbolofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.2．Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees，whichJasonenjoys________．3．Jasonwastiredof________，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.4．ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty________．5．Sure，manypeoplethinkthat“success”means________．细读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.主旨匹配段落主旨大意1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.5A．Jasonappreciatesthischange.B．Jason'spastandpresent.C．Jasongaveawayallhismoney.D．Jason'sbeliefinlife.E.Jasonlivessimplyandhelpsothers.Ⅱ.课文理解1．Whatdosomemillionairesusuallydoafterbecomingrich?A．Dreamupwaysofgettingmuchricher.B．Trytogetthesenseofsuccess.C．Goonmakingmoney.D．Lookfortheirnewlifegoals.2．HowdoesJasonfeelaboutthelifestyleofarichman?A．Tired. B．Pleased.C．Excited. D．Puzzled.3．WhatdoesJasonwanttodonow?A．Tobuymorethings.B．Togetmoreeducation.C．Tobecomeamillionaireagain.D．Tohelpthosepeopleinneed.4．WhatisJason'sopinionofsuccess?A．Successmeanshavingmillionsinthebank.B．Successmeanshavingawell-paidjob.C．Successmeansfindingtruemeaninginlife.D．Successmeanslivingcomfortablyandfreely.5．HowwouldyoudescribeJasonHarley?A．Stubbornbutkind.B．Humorousandopen-minded.C．Generousandsympathetic.D．Childishbutnice.Ⅲ.续写素材积累续写素材积累(三)——人物感受A．阅读文中含有表示人物感受的语句1．Somecontinuetoworryaboutmoneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhardtobecomewealthy，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.2．Heispleasedtogiveupthelifestyleofarichman.3．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物感受的？1．ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguiltybeingarichmanwithoutdoinganything.2．Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneytocharities.3．“ItwasakindofsatisfactionandarealsenseofsuccessthatIhadneverfeltbefore，”saidJason.4．I'mmuchhappiernow，becauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.1．determinevt.决定，确定→________adj.坚定的，坚决的→determinationn．决心，毅力2．disciplinen．自制力vt.惩罚，处罚→________adj.遵守纪律的3．commitvt.犯(罪/错)；承诺；保证→________adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的→________n．投入忠诚，奉献；承诺4．ambitionn．雄心；野心；抱负→________adj.有抱负的，有雄心的5．________vt.欣赏；赏识→________adj.感激的→appreciationn．欣赏；感激，感谢6．injurevt.损害；伤害→________n．伤，损害→injuredadj.受伤的7．cooperatev．合作，协作→________n．合作，协作→cooperativeadj.合作的；同心协力的8．employvt.雇佣→________n．雇员→employern．雇主→employmentn．雇佣，就业9．________n．饥饿，饥荒→hungryadj.感到饥饿的；挨饿的10．guiltn．有罪；对罪行有责任→________adj.内疚的，羞愧的commitmentn．承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证；(对工作或活动的)献身，奉献，投入；已承诺(或同意)的事；不得不做的事①Shedoesn'twanttomakeabigemotionalcommitmenttoSteveatthemoment. ________②Acareerasanactorrequiresonehundredpercentcommitment. ________③Womenveryoftenhavetojuggleworkwiththeirfamilycommitments.________知识要点1determinedadj.坚定的，坚决的[例]Shegavemeadeterminedlook—thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。[知识拓展](1)bedeterminedtodosth. 决心做某事(表示状态)(2)determinevt. 决定；确定；下决心determine＋todosth.(3)determinationn.[U]决定；决心[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Hedetermined________(learn)Chinese.②Weweredetermined________(win)thegame.③Ihavedetermined______spendingmyholidayathome.④Shehasthe__________(determine)toovercomealltheobstaclestosucceed.知识要点2committedadj.坚定的；尽心尽力的[例]Heisregardedasacommittedsupporterofaradicalfree-marketeconomicspolicy.他被视为激进的自由市场经济体制政策的坚定支持者。[知识拓展](1)commitvt. 投入；使承诺；犯(罪)commitsb.to(doing)sth. 使某人承诺(做)某事commitoneselfto(doing)sth. 答应(做)某事commitsuicide/acrime/murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀commitsth.tosth. 调拨；投入(2)commitmentn. 承诺，保证，承担义务makeacommitment 作出承诺[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvesto________(take)outaloan.②Thecouncilhascommittedlargeamountsofmoney________housingprojects.③Itisanopenquestionhowlongthat__________(commit)canlast.知识要点3enthusiasticadj.热心的，热衷的[例]ShewasevenlessenthusiasticaboutgoingtoSpain.她对去西班牙更是不感兴趣。[知识拓展](1)beenthusiasticabout 对某事热心beenthusiastictodosth. 喜欢做某事(2)enthusiasmn. 热情；热心；热衷的事物[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Heisenthusiastic________bothstudyandphysicallabour.②Andasyoucansee，thechildrenwerereallyencouraged，andtheywerealsoenthusiastic________(read)allofthesebooks.③Withoutcorrectleadership，the__________(enthusiastic)ofthemassescannotbesustained.知识要点4makesense有意义；解释得通[例]Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能解释得通。[知识拓展]makesenseof... 弄懂……的意思makenosense 无意义inasense 在某种意义上innosense 决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)there'snosenseindoingsth. 做……是没有道理/作用的[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Ican'tmakesense________thispoem，butperhapsIwill，ifIreaditagain.②In________sense，hissuggestionisverypractical.③Planningsofarahead______________—somanythingswillchange.那么早计划是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。[名师点津]makesense的主语常是“物”，而makesenseof的主语常是“人”。知识要点5injuryn．伤，损害[例]Theinjurytotheirkeyplayercouldbeadecisivefactorinthegame.他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛胜负的决定性因素。[知识拓展](1)dosb.aninjury 伤害某人doaninjurytosb. 伤害某人(2)injurev. 伤害，损害injuredadj. 受伤的[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Smokingdoesaninjury________health.②The________(injure)manmountedhishorsewithdifficulty.知识要点6appreciatevt.欣赏；赏识[例]Iappreciateyourhelpverymuch.我非常感谢你的帮助。[知识拓展](1)appreciate(one's)doingsth. 感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif... 如果……我将不胜感激(2)appreciationn. 欣赏；鉴别；感激[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Ireallyappreciateyour______(think)highlyofmywork.②Iwouldappreciate________ifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.③Wewouldappreciateyou________(let)usknowofanyproblems.[名师点津]appreciate用法需注意的两点：(1)appreciate后接动名词，而不可用不定式作宾语，且不能以“人”作宾语。(2)appreciate后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时，从句前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate，love，like，dislike等。知识要点7hungern．饥饿，饥荒[例]Aroundfiftypeopledieofhungereverydayinthecamp.集中营里每天大约有五十人饿死。[知识拓展](1)haveahungerfor 渴望……dieofhunger 死于饥饿(2)hungertodosth. 渴望做某事hungerfor/aftersth. 渴望得到某物(3)hungryadj. 饥饿的；挨饿的[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Idon'tknowabouttherestofyou，butI'm________(hunger)．②Shehungered________somecontactoutsideherowncircumscribedworld.③NewZealandersarestilllearning，stillhaveahunger________answersandarestillonthejourneytodiscoveringtheirownidentity.知识要点8geton发迹；出人头地[例]Sheisambitiousandeagertogeton.她雄心勃勃，迫切地想出人头地。[知识拓展]getalong/onwith 进展；相处getinto 染上(坏习惯)，陷入getacross 通过；被传达；被理解getover 克服，从……中恢复过来getthrough 接通；完成；通过；渡过getdownto 记下；开始getawaywith 干(坏事)而未受惩罚[即学即练]——完成句子①Thismistakewill____________difficulties.这一错误将使他陷入困境。②Don'tattempttocheat—you'llnever____________it.别想着作弊——对作弊者会严惩不贷。③Asmilecanhelpus________difficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。④It'simpossible________________him.根本无法跟他相处。知识要点9dropout退出，脱离；辍学[例]Thewindowwasopen，andthepotjustdroppedout.窗户开着，花盆就掉了出去。[知识拓展]dropback/behind 落后，被抛在后面dropin 顺便拜访dropinto 顺便进入(某处)，随意到(某处)看看dropoff 不知不觉睡着[即学即练]——完成句子①Theywouldunexpectedly________onus.他们会突然顺道来访。②Thecoltwasstrugglingtostaywiththepaceandstartedto________________．那匹小马奋力要跟上，但还是开始落后了。③Struggleasshemight，shekept____________．尽管她拼命挣扎，还是不停地打瞌睡。重点句式1whenever引导让步状语从句(教材P31)Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotestohomelesspeopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.只要他有两千多美元，他就会把小面额的钞票送给当地街道上无家可归的人。[句式分析]本句中Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars是让步状语从句，其中Whenever相当于nomatterwhen。[例1]Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties，theycametohelpus.每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。[例2]Giveusacallwheneveryouneedourservice.什么时候需要我们的服务，打个电话就行。[知识拓展](1)“疑问代词＋ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句。引导状语从句时相当于“nomatter＋疑问代词”。(2)“nomatter＋疑问代词”只能引导让步状语从句。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①________happened，hewouldn'tsayaword.②__________dictionaryyou(may)take，youwillhavetopayatleast20dollars.③Youmayinvite________youlike.重点句式2make复合宾语结构(教材P31)JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree．詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。[句式分析]句中madehimfree为make＋宾语＋形容词(作宾语补足语)的复合宾语结构。[例1]ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwastorealizeourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。[例2]Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier，nottomakeitmoredifficult.新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。[知识拓展]make作使役动词，意思是“使成为，使作为，使变成”，其后的复合宾语(即宾语＋宾语补足语)有以下表达方式：(1)make＋宾语＋名词(作宾语补足语)(2)make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式(作宾语补足语)(3)make＋宾语＋形容词(作宾语补足语)(4)make＋宾语＋过去分词(作宾语补足语)(5)make＋宾语＋介词短语(作宾语补足语)(6)make＋宾语＋从句(作宾语补足语)(7)make＋形式宾语it＋形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)＋带to的不定式(作真正的宾语)(8)make＋形式宾语it＋形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)＋从句(作真正的宾语)[即学即练]——完成句子①Mostpopsingers________________．大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。②Nobody________________atacertaintime.没有人让我们在某一固定时间就寝。③Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecould________________.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。④Wewillsoon________________________．我们不久就要把我们的学校发展成你们学校目前的样子。⑤Everyoneshould________________andgetupearly.人人都应该养成早睡早起的习惯。⑥Theywantto________________thattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作是重要的，是必不可少的。1．Somecontinuetoworryaboutmoneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhardtobecomewealthy，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.[分析]句中________连接表示转折关系的并列句；________连接表示因果关系的并列句；whentheybecomemillionaires为________引导的时间状语从句；theyhaveachieved为省略that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词________________。[翻译]有些人在成为百万富翁后仍然担心钱的问题——他们努力工作成为富人，但之后他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们就不会失去已经获得的成功感。2．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.[分析]句中________引导表示对比关系的并列句；第一个分句中whohadeverything为定语从句，修饰先行词__________。[翻译]他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，而许多人却一无所有。教材高考1.enthusiasticandambitious(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.2.ButJasonappreciatesthischange.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.3....Iwasamillionaire，butIknewmillionsofpeoplediedofhungereveryyear...(2020·天津卷)Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet，soundcannowcreatesilence.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．____________Ivisitedhim，hewasalwaysbusyworking.2．Theheavyrainmade________impossibleforustogoout.3．NexttimeyouareinGuangzhou，pleasedropin________me.4．Leonidas'familyhadbeenpoor，hewent________(hunger)foryears.5．Andwhatisthekeytoexpressinggratitudeand________(appreciate)?6．The________(injure)captain，lyinginthebowoftheboat，saidnothing.7．Thereisnosensein________(worry)aboutsuchathing.8．Hewantstomakesurethatschoolsarecommittedto________(provide)alternativeeducation.9．Therewasanexpressionoffierce____________(determine)onherface.10．Buthesaidheiswillingtobepatientandheremainsoptimistic________thefuture.Ⅱ.短语填空geton；dropout；makesense；turnone'sbackon；giveaway；betiredof1．She____________allherfurniturewhenshewentabroad.2．He________________hiswifewhenhebecamefamous.3．Politicsisseenasaman'sworld.Itisverydifficultforwomento________．4．They____________thedoctorairinghisknowledge.5．I____________ofhighschool.Itboredmetodeath.6．Ididn'tknowwhathewastalkingabout.Itdidn't____________．Ⅲ.课文语法填空Therearecertainlynosigns1.________Jasonisarichandsuccessfulman!However，sixteenyearsago，Jasonwas2.________collegeprofessorwithafortuneoftwomilliondollars.Todayhe3.________(live)inasmalldormitoryroomwithonlysecond-handfurniture.Hegetshisthingsfromcharityshops.ButJasonispleased4.________(give)upthelifestyleofarichman.Hegaveawayallhismoneyto5.________(charity)．Andthisbroughthim6.________(happy)andasenseofsuccessinlife.Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotesto7.________(home)peopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.Hethinkshissenseofachievementcomesfromhelpingothersand8.________(find)truemeaninginlife.Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyareliving9.________(comfortable)andearningenoughmoney，theywillhavenoworries.However，mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough.JasonHarleysaid，“Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhave10.________byhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.”动名词[观察例句]1．FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.2．Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle，please?3．Sheiswashing，cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4．DoyouobjecttoLiPing'sjoiningthephysicsgroup?5．Mywalkingstickisthesamelengthasyours.[归纳用法]一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。1．作主语(1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Swimmingismyfavouritesport.游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。Collectingstampsishishobby.集邮是他的爱好。[名师点津]动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)(2)在Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/awasteoftime/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。It'snousewaitingforhimanylonger.再等他是没有用的。It'sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.争论此事是浪费时间。(3)当句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。2．作宾语(1)作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can'thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗？(2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insiston，objectto，begoodat，leadto，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike，devoteto，getusedto，payattentionto，beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。Ihaveneverlookedforwardtovisitingthatplace.我从未盼望过要参观那个地方。(3)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。stoptodosth.停下来去做某事mean