押湖南卷第46-55题 知识运用之语法填空（原卷版）-备战2024年中考英语临考题号押题

押湖南卷第46-55题知识运用之语法填空【题型概述】语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，这一题型的测试是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。其转变体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。语法填空是中考试卷最难题目之一，10个小题共10分。一般在一篇200字左右短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生根据上下文补全短文，每空只填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。其中三个不给词（冠词，介词，连词），其他七个给词。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为答好此题，需要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词形变化。【阅读策略】1.浏览全文，明确大意浏览全文的目的是尽快把握其大意，利用“大意”这条“主线”来引导自己，为下一步填空作好准备。除大意之外，在通读全文的过程中，考生有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材、中心思想、写作主线、段落层次等。了解这些问题，有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。2.细读全文，逐项填空了解文章大意之后，就可以着手填空了。考生填空的过程实际上是一个判断空缺部分的语义（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法形式的思维过程。遇到无法确定的题目，可以先跳过去，不要花费太多的时间停留在一个空上。对于这些没有答出的题目，后面的内容有可能会给出提示，或者在核查时联系上下文进行推理。3.复读全文，调整答案在答题时间充裕的情况下，复查是必要的。复查的方法是将所有答案代入短文中进行检查，以最后确定答案。通读时要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。一旦理顺全文信息且多数空也已填好，一开始感到棘手的难点很可能此时已迎刃而解。PassageA（2023湖南长沙卷）DoyouknowWorldLetterWritingDay?Itfalls____36____September1steveryyear.ItwassetupbyRichardSimpkinin2014.Heencouragedpeople____37____(take)abreakfromtoday’ssocialmedia(媒体)andwritealettertosomeonebyhand.Whoshouldyouwriteto?Thinkaboutafriendorrelativethatlivesfaraway.Aparentorbestfriendwouldalsolovetoreceive____38____(you)letter.Howdoyouwritealetter?____39____(general)speaking,aletterincludestheseparts.Thedateandagreeting(问候语)suchas“Dear…”shouldbeatthetopoftheletter.Aclosingsuchas“Love”or“Yourstruly”needstofollowthebody.Enditby____40____(sign)it.Whyshouldyoupickupapenandwritealetter?Itisasurprisethatmaymakesomeone’sday.It’s____41____goodwaytoshowpeoplethatyouhavebeenthinkingofthem.Everyonelovesapersonaltouch.Itmakes____42____(enjoy)memories(回忆).Somepeoplesave____43____(letter)andlookatthemovertheyears.Arecentstudyshowsthatletterwriting____44____(make)thewriterhappy,too.“HandwritingisyourDNA.It’syourfingerprintthatonlyyoucansharewithothers,”saidRichardSimpkin.So,getsomepaper____45____pickupapen.Startwritingalettertoday!PassageB（2023湖南岳阳卷）OurfamilyboughtanewsmartTVsetlastweek.Itis41.______(real)cool!Butwedidn’tknowwhatweshoulddo42.______theoldone.ThenI43.______(see)anadvertisement(广告)forTech-Help.Tech-HelpdonatessmartTVsetstopeoplewhoneedthem.44.______far,Tech-Helphasdonated(捐赠)45.______(many)than2,000smartTVsetstodifferentfamiliesacrossthecountry.LastyeartheygavesmartTVsetstopoorfamilies.46.______isveryeasytodonatesmartTVsetstoTech-Help.Yesterday,mybrother47.______ItooktheoldsmartTVsettoalocalshop.Two48.______(hour)later,Tech-Helpcollecteditfromtheshop.TheywillcleanthesmartTVsetandmakeitbetter.Rightnow,Tech-HelpisgivingsmartTVsetstofamiliesinXinjiang.Thereareabout50familiesonthe49.______(wait)list.TheybelievetheywillgetthesmartTVsetssoon.I’m50.______(excite)wecoulddosomethingtohelpothers!本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。1.已给单词提示的解题技巧一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。①名词形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。②动词的形式变化有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。③代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none、other/another等。④形容词、副词大都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。形容词的最高级还要冠以the。⑤数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice等。⑥词的派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。2.未给单词提示的解题技巧①固定短语结构：根据句中横线前后及整句来判断是否构成。②从句引导词;主要检测学生对引导词的掌握。③短语动词结构:以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语。④短语介词：即起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。⑤连词、关联短语结构:常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。⑥冠词、介词和常用的副词：冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。⑦上下文中出现的相关词：根据上下文关系和自己的知识积累，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方。PassageASpringhasarrived.Itisaperfecttimeforyoutoflykites.Youcanbenefitalotfromflyingkites,whichnotonlyhelpsbuildup1．(you)body,butgetsyourelaxed.Areyoucuriousa-boutwhocreatedkites?Itisbelievedthatkites2．(invent)bythefamousphilosopherMozi2,500yearsago,duringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Heusedwood3．(create)a"flyingbird"thatflewintheskyforawholeday.4．(late),kiteswereusedbythearmiestomeasuredistance,testthewind,andrescuepeople.DuringtheTangDynasty,kiteswereusedmoreas5．toolforfun.Atfirst,onlyroyal（皇室的）familymemberscouldplaywithkites.Gradually,theybecamepopular6．commonpeople,whoflewtheminimportanteventsandfestivals.EveryyearinspringwhenTomb-sweepingDay7．(come),almosteveryhouseholdwentouttoflythekiteandhadapicnicin8．(sun)andwindydays.Itwasagoodtimetodisplaythekites9．enjoythewarmweatherandthefreshair.Nowadays,flyingkiteshasbecomeapopularformof10．(please)andcompetitionathomeandabroad.Peoplelikeflyingkitesinlocalorinternationaleventstoshowtheirkite-makingandkite-flyingskills.ThelargestkitemuseumoftheworldisinthecityofWeifang,knownas"KiteCapitaloftheWorld",andeveryyear,kitefansallovertheworldcometowatchandtakepartintheannualInternationalKiteFestival.PassageBTheelephant-footdrumisaclassicmusicalinstrumentoftheDaipeople.Thedrum-makingskill11．(list)asanationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)in2011.Theelephant-footdrumdanceisverypopularwiththeDaipeople.Itisoftenperformedduringfestivals.Anditis12．wayfortheDaipeopletoshowtheirjoyaswellastheirvillageculture.XièWenping,32,usedtolearnhowtomakeadrumfromhisgrandfather13．madeelephant-footdrumsforaliving."Atayoungage,Idecidedtomakemoreand14．(good)drums,"Xiesaid.Whileelephant-footdrumscarrygreatcultural15．(important),makinganelephant-footdrumisnoeasytask."Ittakesaboutthirty16．(step),"Xieexplained.Therepetition(重复)oftheworkmightnotbe17．(excite),butwheneverXieseeshisgrandfather'ssmilewhilemakingthedrum,hefeelsencouragedagain."Overtheyearsthenumberofpeopleskilledinmakingelephant-footdrums18．(go)down,"Xiesaid."Ifeellikeit'smyresponsibilitytocarryiton."Xieiscreatiyeintheformofthedrum.Tomake19．easierfortheelephant-footdrumtospreadtoplacesoutsideYunnan,Xiecameup20．theideaofmakingaminiversion(版本)ofthedrumanddesigned(设计)keychainsshapedliketheelephant-footdrum.PassageCAfestivalisacelebration.Festivalsarepopulararoundtheworld21．manyreasons.Theyarefunandcanbeagoodchanceforfamiliesandfriendstospendtimetogether.TheLanternFestivalisjustlikeanyofthem.TheLanternFestival（alsoknownasYuanxiaoFestival）startedabout2000yearsagoinChina.Thefestivalfallsonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthoftheChineseNewYear.As22．result，theexactdateofthefestivalisdifferenteveryyear.Manystoriesaretoldabouthowthisfestivalbegan.Hereisoneof23．（they）.InancientChina，therelivedapalacemaid（女仆）24．（work）dayandnightanddidn'tallowhertogobackhomesoshemissedherfamilyverymuch.YuanxiaohadafriendcalledDongfangShuo，anofficer25．wastrustedbytheking.YuanxiaoaskedShuoforhelpbecauseshethoughthewastheonlyonewhocouldhelpher.ShuoreallywantedtohelpYuanxiaoandcameupwithacleveridea.HetoldthekingthattheGodofFirewasangrywiththecountryanddecided26．（punish）thepeopleonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthelunaryear.Hearingthis，thekingwas27．（worry）andhehaddifficultyeatingandsleeping.Andthen，Yuanxiaotoldthekingthatbecausethegodlikedtowatchfireshowsandheartheloudsounds28．（choose），andheagreed.Whenthedaycame，Yuanxiao29．（lead）allthepeopletosetofffirecrackersandthelanternsshonebrightlylikebigfires.Shealsohelpedmakedeliciousdumplingsforthegodtoeat.30．（luck），theplanworkedintheendandthekingannouncedthatYuanxiaocouldgohomeandseeherfamilyandfriends.Sincethen，theLanternFestivalhasbecomeatimeforfamiliesandfriendstogettogether.PassageDStudyingisimportanttostudents.Butitisalwaysdifficult31．(find)enoughtimetostudyeverysubjectyouneed.Soagoodplanhelpsyoutomakesureofyour32．(succeed)instudy.Then,howcanwemakeastudyplan?Well,beginwithlistingallthesubjectsyouneedtostudyandmakesure33．youneedtodoforeachsubject.Next,decidehowmuchtimeyoushouldspend34．differentsubjects.Now,itisagoodideatostudyatthesametimeeveryday.Inthisway,youactuallyhaveaplanyoucanremember35．(easy).Oncetheplan36．(make),thenextthingyouneedtodoistofollowit.Oneofthe37．(big)challengesinfollowingyourstudyplanisthatyouwillbetempted(诱惑)toavoiditanddosomethingrelaxingorfuninstead.Luckily,youcanfightthistemptationbytakingbreaks.Butbesurenottotakeextrabreaksortoolongbreaksbecauseitcanaffectyourplan.Soatthestartofyourbreak,set38．alarmclocktoremindyouwhenyourbreakisover.Also,youneedtouseyourbreakwisely.Forexample,goforashortwalk,eatasmallsnack,orlistentosomemusic.Toavoid39．(forget)tofollowyourplan,trytogetintothehabitoflookingatyourcalendareveryday.Sometimesourplansarehardtofollow40．someimportantpeopleinourlivesdistract(使分心)usfromourgoals.Inordertoavoidthis,tellpeoplearoundyouaboutyourplan..PassageEMannersareveryimportantinourdailylife.Therearemanydifferenthabitsandcustomsamongdifferentcountries.Herearethe41．(thing)thatapersonwithgoodeducationshoulddo.WhenyouvisitaChinesefamily,youshouldknock42．thedoorfirst.Don'tmovebeforethehostsays"Comein,please."Itis43．(polite)totakeaseatbeforethehostoffersyou.Whenacupoftea44．(send)toyourhand,youshouldsay"Thankyou."andreceiveitwithtwohands.Before45．(enter)ahouseinJapan,itisagoodmannertotakeoffyourshoes.InEngland,ifavisitor46．(eat)allthefood,thehostwillbepleasedwiththat.If47．Englishmansays"Comeatanytime."youshouldn'tstartfixingadateatonce.48．inIndia,"comeatanytime"means"Iwantyoutovisitme."Ifyoudon'tsuggestatimeatonce,theIndianwillthinkyouarerefusingthe49．(invite).Althoughtherearemanydifferencesbetweencultures,there'sonethatisaccepted50．(w