山东省威海市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

高二英语本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1Whenwillthewoman’smothergettoLondon?A.OnAugust15th.B.OnAugust16th.C.OnAugust17th.2.Howwillthewomanprobablygotothecinema?A.Bycar.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Acelebrity.B.Amuseum.C.Aprovince.4.Whatadvicedoesthewomanneed?A.Howtoloseweight.B.Howtojogproperly.C.Howtobalancethediet.5.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shegotaflattire.B.Shewasknockedover.C.Shelostcontrolofherbike.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。6.WheredoesMarkprobablywork?A.Inahospital.B.Inanursinghome.C.Inarestaurant.7.WhatdoesMarkthinkofhisjob?A.It’seasy.B.It’sfortable.C.It’senjoyable.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatkindofroomsdoesthecenteroffer?A.Singlerooms.B.Familyrooms.C.Doublerooms.9.Whereisbreakfastserved?A.IntheThairestaurant.B.IntheItalianrestaurant.C.IntheChineserestaurant.10.Whichsportmightbeofferedbythecenter?A.Yoga.B.Swimming.C.Badminton.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Answersomequestions.B.Joinhisteam.C.Watchapetition.12.Whatsubjectisthewomangoodat?A.Math.B.History.C.Geography.13.Wherewillthepetitionbeheld?A.Inthegym.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthecafeteria.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthewomanliketodoinholidays?A.Dowatersports.B.Takephotographs.C.Paintpictures.15.Wheredoesthemanprefertospendaholiday?A.Onthecoast.B.Inoldcities.C.Inlibraries.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofcampingatnight?A.Unfortable.B.Expensive.C.Interesting.17.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Holidayplans.B.Summeractivities.C.Travelexperience.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatmightthespeakerbe?A.Anarchitect.B.Atourguide.C.Abusinessman.19.WhatwastheHillHousemadeof?A.Wood.B.Brick.C.Concrete.20.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheHillHouse?A.Wellpreserved.B.Welldecorated.C.Environmentfriendly.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWithbrandnewproductsconstantlyemerging,itcanbehardtokeeptrackofwhatthingstosellin2023.Thesecrettosellingnewpopularproductsistofindwinningproductsbeforetheybeemainstream.Soifyou’relookingforthebestnewproductsof2023beforeyourpetitorsdiscoverthem,readon.SmarttemperaturesensorsWithmostcountrieshavingfourseasonsinayear,smarttemperaturesensorswillsurelyattractcustomersfromaroundtheglobe.Peoplecanusethesensortocheckthetemperature,humiditylevel,etc.Then,theycansharethisdatawithothersmartdevicesthatregulatethetemperatureintheirroom(smartheaters,curtains,etc.).Therichfunctionalitymakesitoneofthebestproductstosellin2023.BiomagneticearstickersWe’dneverimaginedadaywhenearringswouldhelpyouimprovebloodcirculation(循环),butthatdayhase.Biomagneticearstickersputpressureonyourearsandstimulatebloodflow.It’ssaidthatmagnetscanalsohelpwithweightloss.However,besurenottomakeanyclaimsabouthowmuchweightyourcustomerswilllose.Notmakingdefinitiveclaimsisamonpracticeinfitnessandhealthcaretoavoidlegalaction.ReusablestrawsReusablestrawsmakeagreatproduct,especiallyifyouhaveanecofriendlyproductstore.Youcanpositiontheproductasgoodfortheenvironmentwhileprotectingmarinelifefromplasticwaste.Remember:abusinessthatmakestheworldabetterplaceisthebestkindofbusiness.1.Whatmakessmarttemperaturesensorsgetpopular?A.Beingselfoperating. B.Beingecofriendly.C.Beingmultifunctional. D.Beingmoneysaving.2.Whymightpeoplechoosebiomagneticearstickers?A.Tomonitorhealth. B.Toboostbloodflow.C.Tosharpenhearing. D.Tolowerbloodpressure.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Productdesigners. B.Storekeepers.C.Fashioncustomers. D.Environmentalists.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个新的销售流行产品。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Smarttemperaturesensors”部分的“Therichfunctionalitymakesitoneofthebestproductstosellin2023.(丰富的功能使其成为2023年销售最好的产品之一。)”可知，多功能使得智能温度传感器变得受欢迎，故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Biomagneticearstickers”部分的“Biomagneticearstickersputpressureonyourearsandstimulatebloodflow.(生物磁性耳贴可以给耳朵施加压力，刺激血液流动。)”可知，生物磁性耳贴可用于促进血液流动，故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thesecrettosellingnewpopularproductsistofindwinningproductsbeforetheybeemainstream.Soifyou’relookingforthebestnewproductsof2023beforeyourpetitorsdiscoverthem,readon.(销售新的流行产品的秘诀是在它们成为主流之前找到获胜的产品。因此，如果你在竞争对手发现2023年最好的新产品之前就在寻找，请继续阅读。)”以及“Smarttemperaturesensors(智能温度传感器)”、“Biomagneticearstickers(生物磁性耳贴)”以及“Reusablestraws(可重复使用的吸管)”可知本文主要介绍了几种新的销售流行产品，可知本文是写给零售商的，故选B项。BNASAhasputUranusfrontandcenteraccordingtoitslatestreport.Itstoppriorityforthenextdecadeofspaceexplorationinsolarsystemisspendingseveralbilliondollarsonanewimportantmissiontotheouterplanet.Uranusdeservesacloserlook.Onlyonespacecraft,Voyager2,hasevervisitedtheseventhplanetfromthesunin1986.Thevisitwasshort:Uranuswasonestoponthe1986tourofthesolarsystem,andthespacecraftmadeitsobservationswhileonthemove.WhatscientistsareremendingnowisamissionspecificallydesignedtostudyeverythingabouttheUraniansystem,includingtheplanet,itsmoonsanditsrings.Onemightassumethatweareprettyfamiliarwithourneighbor.However,evenwiththebestspacetelescopes,itisdifficulttostudyaplanetthatistwiceasfarfromEarthasisSaturn,andmuchsmallerthanSaturn.NameanyaspectoftheUraniansystem,andplanetaryscientistscangiveyoualistofunansweredquestionsaboutit.Unliketheotherplanets,Uranusspins(高速旋转)onitsside,possiblytheresultofacrashwithanEarthsizedobjectlongago.Thisuniquetilt(倾斜)causesthemostextremeseasonsinthesolarsystem.BygettingtoknowUranus,planetaryscientistscanlearnaboutaclassofplanetscalledicegiants,oneofthemostmonplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem.Inordertoknowmoreabouticegiants,scientistsshouldexaminemorecloselyoneofourown.TheypickedUranusoverNeptuneforpracticalreasons.Forexample,Neptune,whichsince2006hashadthedistinctionofbeingtheoutermostplanetinoursolarsystem,isfarther.Withtherocketsystemscurrentlyinoperation,Uranusiseasiertoreach.Planetaryscientistssawthemissionasabreakthroughbecauselittleisknownabouticegiants.It’ssuretherearegoingtobelotsofsurprisesoncemangetsthere.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe1986visittoUranus?A.Itwascostlybutfruitful. B.Uranus’moonswerefound.C.Itwasspeciallydesigned. D.Uranuswasobservedonthemove.5.Whatdoestheunderlined“ourneighbor”inparagraph3referto?A.Moon. B.Earth. C.Saturn. D.Uranus.6.WhatmakestheUranusmissionsoimportant?A.Morewillbeknownabouticegiants.B.UranusisaringedplanetlikeNeptune.C.Uranusisthefarthestplanetthatcanbereachednow.D.ThecauseofUranus’extremeseasonswillbeexplained.7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TorevealthemysteriesofUranus.B.TointroduceanexploringfocusofNASA.C.Tostressscientists’effortsatspaceexploration.D.TodiscussthepossibilitiesofexploringUranus.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局根据其最新报告将天王星置于中心位置，并在未来十年的太阳系太空探索中，打算花费数十亿美元执行一项新的重要任务。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Uranuswasonestoponthe1986tourofthesolarsystem,andthespacecraftmadeitsobservationswhileonthemove.(天王星是1986年太阳系之旅的一站，航天器在移动中进行了观测。)”可知，1986年天王星被航天器在移动中进行了观测，故选D项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“WhatscientistsareremendingnowisamissionspecificallydesignedtostudyeverythingabouttheUraniansystem,includingtheplanet,itsmoonsanditsrings.(科学家们现在建议的是一项专门研究天王星系一切的任务，包括行星、卫星和光环。)”和第三段划线词所在句子“Onemightassumethatweareprettyfamiliarwithourneighbor.However,evenwiththebestspacetelescopes,itisdifficulttostudyaplanetthatistwiceasfarfromEarthasisSaturn,andmuchsmallerthanSaturn.NameanyaspectoftheUraniansystem,andplanetaryscientistscangiveyoualistofunansweredquestionsaboutit.(有人可能会认为我们和邻居很熟悉。然而，即使使用最好的太空望远镜，也很难研究一颗距离地球两倍于土星、比土星小得多的行星。说出天王星系的任何方面，行星科学家都可以给你一份关于它的未回答问题清单。)”可推理出第三段划线词指代的是天王星，故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“BygettingtoknowUranus,planetaryscientistscanlearnaboutaclassofplanetscalledicegiants,oneofthemostmonplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem.(通过了解天王星，行星科学家可以了解一类被称为冰巨星的行星，这是太阳系以外最常见的行星之一。)”可知研究天王星对研究冰巨星有帮助，可推理出使得天王星研究变得重要的是更多关于冰巨星的信息将被了解，故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“NASAhasputUranusfrontandcenteraccordingtoitslatestreport.Itstoppriorityforthenextdecadeofspaceexplorationinsolarsystemisspendingseveralbilliondollarsonanewimportantmissiontotheouterplanet.(美国国家航空航天局根据其最新报告将天王星置于中心位置。它在未来十年的太阳系太空探索中的首要任务是花费数十亿美元执行一项新的重要任务。)”、倒数第二段“BygettingtoknowUranus,planetaryscientistscanlearnaboutaclassofplanetscalledicegiants,oneofthemostmonplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem(通过了解天王星，行星科学家可以了解一类被称为冰巨星的行星，这是太阳系以外最常见的行星之一)”以及最后一段“Planetaryscientistssawthemissionasabreakthroughbecauselittleisknownabouticegiants.It’ssuretherearegoingtobelotsofsurprisesoncemangetsthere.(行星科学家认为这次任务是一次突破，因为人们对冰巨星知之甚少。一旦人类到达那里，肯定会有很多惊喜。)”可推理出，本文的主要目的是介绍美国国家航空航天局的一个探索重点，故选B项。CWhenstormserollinginacrosstheocean,theystruckcoastlineswithtremendousforce.Luckily,forthousandsofmilesoftropicalcoastlines,naturehasprovidedaremarkableformofprotection:coralreefs.Thesecolorfulwondersarebestknownfortheirdiversityoflife,theirplentifulseafood,andtheirdrawtoscubadivingtourists.Buttheyarealsoastonishinglydurableandfirmstructures,builtbytinyanimalswithcalciumcarbonateskeletons(碳酸钙骨架),whichprovideanimportantservicetothecoastlinesstandingbehindthem—theycanabsorbupto97%ofwaveenergy.Anewstudyestimatesthatreefsofferprotectiontoupto5.3millionpeopleand$109billioningrossdomesticproduct(GDP)perdecade.Themapsinthestudyscientistsgeneratedareatamuchfinerresolution(分辨率)thanpreviousanalyses,whichallowsuserstoviewcoralreefswithmoredetailsandseewherereefsprovidethehighestdegreeofprotectionforpeople,GDPandinfrastructure(基础设施).“Thislevelofdetailmeanswecanusethisinformationinpracticalways,likeinthemarinespacialplanningwedotoinformconservationstrategiesaroundtheworld,”saysDr.Spalding,thecoauthorofthestudy.Moreaccuratedataonwherereefsprotectpeopleandinfrastructurefromdestructivewavescanhelpimprovedecisionmakingaboutwhichreefstoprotect.Wehavealreadylosthalfoftheworld’sreefs,andscientistspredictwecouldloseupto90%ifactionsarenottakentoprotectthem.Effectivemanagementstrategiesarevitaltosupportingreefhealthandrecovery.Coralreefsareoftenselectedforconservationbasedontheirecologicalsignificance,whichmaymeantheyarelocatedinremoteplaces,awayfromthemoredirecteffectsofhumanpressureslikedevelopmentandpollution.“Wearefailingourselvesaswellasnatureifwedon’talsoconsiderprotectingthereefsthatarelocatedclosertohumans,”saysSpalding.“Thesearethereefsthatprotectusandprovideforusinabundance.Let’slookafterthem.”8.Whichfunctionofcoralreefsismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Nurturingdiverselivingthings. B.Offeringplentifulseafood.C.Attractingscubadivingtourists. D.Reducingtheforcesofwaves.9.Towhichfieldcanthefindingsbeapplied?A.Ecotourism. B.Urbanplanning.C.Reefrecovery. D.Deepseaexploration.10.WhyshouldweprotectthereefsneartohumansaccordingtoSpalding?ABecausetheyprotectandprovideforhumans.B.Becausetheyaremorebeautifulthanremotereefs.C.Becausetheyareofhigherecologicalsignificance.D.Becausetheyprovidebetterhabitatsformarinelife.11.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?ACoralReefsasCoastalDefenders B.TheSecretsofCoralReefsC.NewWaysofCoralReefConservation D.CoastlinesbehindCoralReefs【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁的多样性、丰富的海鲜资源和对潜水旅游的吸引力，同时强调了珊瑚礁作为坚固结构可以吸收高达97%的波浪能量，为沿岸地区提供重要保护。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Buttheyarealsoastonishinglydurableandfirmstructures,builtbytinyanimalswithcalciumcarbonateskeletons(碳酸钙骨架),whichprovideanimportantservicetothecoastlinesstandingbehindthem—theycanabsorbupto97%ofwaveenergy.(但它们也是令人惊讶的耐用和坚固的结构，由带有碳酸钙骨架的小动物建造，为它们后面的海岸线提供了重要的服务——它们可以吸收高达97%的波浪能。)”可知文章主要讨论的是珊瑚礁可以减少波浪的力量。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Effectivemanagementstrategiesarevitaltosupportingreefhealthandrecovery.(有效的管理策略对于支持珊瑚礁健康和恢复至关重要。)”可知研究结果可以用于珊瑚礁的恢复中，故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Wearefailingourselvesaswellasnatureifwedon’talsoconsiderprotectingthereefsthatarelocatedclosertohumans,”saysSpalding.“Thesearethereefsthatprotectusandprovideforusinabundance.Let’slookafterthem.”(“如果我们不考虑保护离人类更近的珊瑚礁，我们就会辜负自己和自然，”斯伯丁说。“这些珊瑚礁保护我们并为我们提供丰富的食物。让我们照顾他们。)”可知，我们应该保护靠近人类的珊瑚礁，因为它们保护并为人类提供资源，保护这些珊瑚礁对人类具有重要意义。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whenstormserollinginacrosstheocean,theystruckcoastlineswithtremendousforce.Luckily,forthousandsofmilesoftropicalcoastlines,naturehasprovidedaremarkableformofprotection:coralreefs.(当风暴席卷大洋彼岸时，它们以巨大的力量袭击了海岸线。幸运的是，在数千英里的热带海岸线上，大自然提供了一种非凡的保护形式：珊瑚礁。)”可知珊瑚礁具有减少海浪冲击力的功能，从而保护海岸线免受风暴的破坏，这一功能使得珊瑚礁在海岸防护方面发挥着重要作用，即珊瑚礁是海岸防护者，故选A项。DZaraisnowoneoftheworld’shottestfashionchains.ThesecrettoitssuccessisthatZarastandsoutinsupplychainmanagement.Infact,Zarasucceedsbyfirstbreakingandthenrewritingindustryrules.Industryrulenumberone:Avoidstockouts(缺货).FromZara’spointofview,stockoutsareagoodthing,sinceoccasionalshortagescontributetoashopper’surgeto“buynow”.AtZara,itemsselloutfast,withnewproductsarrivingatstorestwiceaweek.Bygivingjustashortwindowofopportunitytopurchasealimitedquantityofproducts,Zara’scustomersaremotivatedtovisitthestoresmorefrequently.Rulenumbertwo:Outsource(外包)forcheaperproduction.Incontrasttotraditionaloutsourcingproduction,ZarahasdevelopedasuperresponsivesupplychainbyconcentratingmorethanhalfofitsproductioninSpain(thebirthplace)anditsnearbycountries.Thismeansitcandesign,produce,anddeliveranewitemofclothingtoitsstoresinaquarterofthenormaltime.Also,outsourcingmaynotnecessarilybe“lowcost”.Errorsintrendpredictioncaneasilyleadtounsoldinventory(库存),forcingtheirretailstorestoofferbiggerdiscounts(打折).Zara’sabilitytodesignandmakenewclothesquicklymeansshorterleadtimesandaneverchanginginventory.Soitsellsmoreatfullprice.Rulenumberthree:Goforefficiencythroughmassproduction.Byproducingproductsinlargequantities,asistheindustrynorm,paniescanbenefitfromit.Zara,however,intentionallydealsinsmallnumbers.Becauseofthegreaterflexibilityandspeedthisapproachaffords,Zaradoesnotworryaboutmissingtheboatwhenitestotrends.Whennewtrendsemerge,Zaracanreactquickly.Also,itrunsitssupplychainwithafastbutpredictablerhythm:EverystoreplacesordersonTuesday/WednesdyandFriday/Saturday.Bothstorestaffandregularcustomersknowexactlywhenshipmentswillarrive.Certainly,Zarahasnoshortageofpetitors.Butfewhavesuccessfullycopieditsfastfashionandflexiblebusinessmodelyet.12.WhydocustomersvisitZarastoresmorefrequently?A.Becauseofitsregularhugediscounts.B.Becauseofitswidevarietyofclothing.C.Becauseofthehighqualityofitsproducts.D.Becauseoflimitedavailabilityofitsitems.13.HowhasZaradevelopedasuperresponsivesupplychain?A.Bypredictingfuturefashiontrendsaccurately.B.Bydesigningandmakingnewclothesquickly.C.Bymakingmostofgoodsinornearitsheadquarters.D.Byhavingfactoriesindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld.14.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlinedphrase?A.Beingtoolatefordelivery.B.Workingonatightschedule.C.Failingtotakeadvantageofachance.D.Producingproductsinlargequantities.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.UpsanddownsofZara.B.SecretstoZara’ssuccess.C.Rulesofthefashionindustry.D.petitioninthefashionindustry.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Zara的成功在于首先打破了行业规则，然后又重新改写了行业规则。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AtZara,itemsselloutfast,withnewproductsarrivingatstorestwiceaweek.Bygivingjustashortwindowofopportunitytopurchasealimitedquantityofproducts,Zara’scustomersaremotivatedtovisitthestoresmorefrequently.(在Zara，商品卖得很快，新产品每周两次到货。通过给顾客短暂的机会来购买数量有限的产品，Zara的顾客会更频繁地光顾这家店。)”可知，Zara的顾客之所以更频繁地光顾这家店是因为其只给顾客短暂的机会来购买数量有限的产品。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Incontrasttotraditionaloutsourcingproduction,ZarahasdevelopedasuperresponsivesupplychainbyconcentratingmorethanhalfofitsproductioninSpain(thebirthplace)anditsnearbycountries.Thismeansitcandesign,produce,anddeliveranewitemofclothingtoitsstoresinaquarterofthenormaltime.(与传统的外包生产不同，Zara将一半以上的生产集中在西班牙（诞生地）及其周边国家，从而建立了一个反应灵敏的供应链。这意味着它可以在正常时间的四分之一内设计、生产并将一件新衣服送到商店。)”可知，Zara将一半以上的生产集中在西班牙（诞生地）及其周边国家，从而建立了一个反应灵敏的供应链。故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词组上一句“Zara,however,intentionallydealsinsmallnumbers.(然而，Zara有意以小批量销售。)”可知，Zara以小批量销售商品。再根据划线词组上文“Becauseofthegreaterflexibilityandspeedthisapproachaffords(由于这种方式提供了更大的灵活性和速度)”和下文“Whennewtrendsemerge,Zaracanreactquickly.(当新趋势出现时，Zara能迅速做出反应)”可知，Zara以小批量销售商品的方式更加灵活，供货速度也更快，对于新的流行趋势反应迅速。由此可以推断，这种方式不会担心会错过潮流。选项C“Failingtotakeadvantageofachance.(没有抓住机会)”，符合句意。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Zaraisnowoneoftheworld’shottestfashionchains.ThesecrettoitssuccessisthatZarastandsoutinsupplychainmanagement.Infact,Zarasucceedsbyfirstbreakingandthenrewritingindustryrules.(Zara现在是世界上最热门的时尚连锁店之一。Zara成功的秘诀在于其在供应链管理方面的突出表现。事实上，Zara的成功在于首先打破了行业规则，然后又重新改写了行业规则。)”、文章最后一段“Certainly,Zarahasnoshortageofpetitors.Butfewhavesuccessfullycopieditsfastfashionandflexiblebusinessmodelyet.(当然，Zara不乏竞争对手。但很少有公司成功复制了它的快时尚和灵活的商业模式。)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要分析了Zara这一品牌成功的秘诀。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itcanfeelgoodtoberight,butwhenwefindnewinformationthatmakesusfeelgoodaboutsomethingwealreadybelieve,howcanwebesurewearen’tjustengaginginconfirmationbias(确认偏误)?Confirmationbiasisourtendencytoseekoutinformationthatconfirmsourexistingbeliefs.____16____Thesewaysareaimedatsupporting,ratherthanchallenging,preexistingbeliefs.Thisisespeciallytrueforinformationaboutthingsthatfeelveryimportanttous.Peopleusuallydon’tengageinconfirmationbiasonpurpose.Butresearchhasfoundthatitisreal.____17____Forexampleifanactoryousupportwascaughtinascandal(丑闻),youmightbemorelikelytobelieveexplanationsthatmakehimlooklessguilty.____18____Sowhatcanwedotoavoidconfirmationbias?Onethingwecandoistotrytolookforstrongevidencethatactuallycontradicts(相矛盾)ourbeliefs.Thiscanhelpuscheckifweonlybelievecertainthingsinsteadofconsideringotherpossibilities.____19____Evenifwedon’tagreewiththem,wemightlearnwhysomeonethinksthewaytheydo.Itcanhelpusunderstandthattheremaybeotherwaystoseethesameissue.____20____Thethingwemostwanttobelievemightnotbetrue.Weshouldtrytolearnmorebeforedecidinghowwefeelaboutsomething,evenifit’sveryimportanttous.Butthat’softeneasiersaidthandone.A.Anditinfluencespeople’sjudgment.B.Unfortunately,itcanbeverydifficulttospot.C.Wetendtoignoreinformationthatcontradictsit.D.Itcanalsobehelpfultotalktopeoplewhodon’tshareourbeliefs.E.Mostimportantly,wehavetobecarefulnottojumptoconclusions.F.Italsodescribesourattempttofindwaysofexplainingunclearinformation.G.Meanwhile,peoplewhodislikehimwouldprobablybelievewhatmakeshimlookworse.【答案】16.F17.A18.G19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了确认偏误的存在和影响，并提供了一些方法来避免确认偏误。【16题详解】根据上文“Confirmationbiasisourtendencytoseekoutinformationthatconfirmsourexistingbeliefs.(确认偏误是我们倾向于寻找证实我们现有信念的信息。)”可知，我们倾向于寻找支持自己现有信念的信息，结合下文“Thesewaysareaimedatsupporting,ratherthanchallenging,preexistingbeliefs.(这些方式旨在支持而不是挑战预先存在的信念。)”可知，空处应与Theseways有关，F项“Italsodescribesourattempttofindwaysofexplainingunclearinformation.(它还描述了我们试图找到解释不明确信息的方法。)”中的ways与下文中“Theseways”呼应，上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。【17题详解】根据上文“Peopleusuallydon’tengageinconfirmationbiasonpurpose.Butresearchhasfoundthatitisreal.(人们通常不会故意进行确认偏误。但研究发现它是真实的。)”可知人们不会故意进行确认偏误，但是还是会发生，如果发生确认偏误，就会影响人们的判断，与A项“Anditinfluencespeople’sjudgment.(它会影响人们的判断。)”上下文一致，故选A项。【18题详解】根据上文“Forexample,ifanactoryousupportwascaughtinascandal(丑闻),youmightbemorelikelytobelieveexplanationsthatmakehimlooklessguilty.(例如，如果你支持的演员陷入丑闻，你可能更有可能相信让他看起来不那么内疚的解释。)”可知，个人喜好影响下确认偏误更容易发生，人们更倾向于寻找支持自己现有信念的信息，与G项“Meanwhile,peoplewhodislikehimwouldprobablybelievewhatmakeshimlookworse.(与此同时，不喜欢他的人可能会相信是什么让他看起来更糟。)”上下文一致，G项中的him与上文中的him为前后呼应，故选G项。【19题详解】根据上文“Onethingwecandoistotrytolookforstrongevidencethatactuallycontradicts(相矛盾)ourbeliefs.Thiscanhelpuscheckifweonlybelievecertainthingsinsteadofconsideringotherpossibilities.(我们可以做的一件事是尝试寻找与我们的信念相矛盾的有力证据。这可以帮助我们检查我们是否只相信某些事情，而不是考虑其他可能性。)”可知本段主要讲述避免确认偏误的方法，寻找与自己信念相矛盾的强有力证据，与D项“Itcanalsobehelpfultotalktopeoplewhodon’tshareourbeliefs.(与那些与我们信仰不符的人交谈也会有所帮助。)”上下文一致，其中的“talktopeople”与下文“Evenifwedon’tagreewiththem,wemightlearnwhysomeonethinksthewaytheydo.(即使我们不同意他们的观点，我们也可能会知道为什么有人会这样想。)”中的don’tagreewiththem前后呼应，为避免确认偏误的方法之一，符合文意，故选D项。【20题详解】根据下文“Weshouldtrytolearnmorebeforedecidinghowwefeelaboutsomething,evenifit’sveryimportanttous.(在决定我们对某事的感受之前，我们应该尝试了解更多，即使它对我们来说非常重要。)”可知，作者建议避免过早的下结论，与E项“Mostimportantly,wehavetobecarefulnottojumptoconclusions.(最重要的是，我们必须小心不要妄下结论。)”上下文一致，E项中的“conclusions”与下文中“decidinghowwefeelaboutsomething”为前后呼应，符合文意，故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。PartofmyyouthremainsinChina,inthesuburbsofHangzhouwherepeoplelivedaleisurelylife.Theroadswerebarely___21___enoughforonecartopassthrough,notthatverymanypeopleknewhowto___22___.MygrandpaownedabicycletopedalmetowhereverIwantedtogo.Thebicycleonlyhadroomforone___23___,soIwalkedwithmygrandparentswheneverwethreewentdowntowntobuyourgroceriesinthe___24___.Mygrandparentsonlyboughtthe___25___vegetables,especiallysowhenitcametopurplecorn.Theyknewwhichcornwasthemosttenderjustbytakinga___26___atthehusks(壳).Oncebackhome,grandparentswenttocook,andwithinhalfanhour,steamingpurplecornswerelaidoutonthetable.Iwasnota(n)___27___granddaughterandoftenburnedmyfingerspickingupthecorn,butmy___28___wereforgottenafterthefirstbite.Thekernels(玉米粒)stucktomyteethandfilledmymouthwith___29___.Ichewedthecornuntilmyjaw___30___andmyteethwerestainedpurple,leavingasweetaftertasteonmy___31___.Twoyearslater,IflewbacktoAmerica.Thestreetsherewereloudanddogsbarkedalldaylong.ThecorninAmericangrocerystoreswaspaleyellow,smallandwatery.Ididn’t___32___myfingerswhenIateit,nordidI___33___itforverylong.MymothereventuallyfoundfrozenpurplecornataChinesesupermarket.When___34___,thecornsoftenedtoachewytexture(口感),butIcouldnolonger___35___Hangzhousummersinthispurplecorn.21.A.flat B.wide C.long D.straight22.A.relax B.change C.cycle D.drive23.A.dog B.rider C.basket D.passenger24.A.spring B.summer C.fall D.winter25.A.freshest B.biggest C.sweetest D.cheapest26.A.look B.bite C.guess D.smell27.A.quiet B.helpful C.patient D.outgoing28.A.fears B.promises C.plaints D.expectations29.A.water B.warmth C.honey D.happiness30.A.ached B.dropped C.slimmed D.trembled31.A.mind B.hand C.face D.tongue32.A.use B.cross C.burn D.wash33.A.like B.hold C.chew D.remember34.A.eaten B.boiled C.mixed D.unpacked35.A.taste B.miss C.share D.picture【答案】21.B22.D23.D24.B25.A26.A27.C28.C29.B30.A31.D32.C33.C34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。章主要讲述了作者在杭州郊区度过的青少年时光，特别是与祖父母一起购买食品并品尝紫色玉米的经历。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：道路勉强够一辆车通过，没有多少人知道如何开车。A.flat平坦；B.wide宽；C.long长；D.straight直。根据下文“enoughforonecartopassthrough”可知，道路的宽度能勉强通过一辆车，故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道路勉强够一辆车通过，没有多少人知道如何开车。A.relax放松；B.change改变；C.cycle循环；D.drive驾驶。根据上文“Theroadswerebarely___1___enoughforonecartopassthrough”可知道路勉强够一辆车通过，道路很窄以至于没有人知道该如何开车通过，故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自行车只能容纳一名乘客，所以每当我们三个夏天去市中心买杂货时，我都会和祖父母一起步行。A.dog狗；B.rider骑手；C.basket篮子；D.passenger乘客。根据下文“soIwalkedwithmygrandparentswheneverwethreewentdowntowntobuyourgroceries”可知，作者和祖父母一共三人去市中心买东西时步行，因为自行车上只能容纳一名乘客，故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自行车只能容纳一名乘客，所以每当我们三个夏天去市中心买杂货时，我都会和祖父母一起散步。A.spring春节；B.summer夏季；C.fall秋季；D.winter冬季。根据下文“butIcouldnolonger___15___Hangzhousummersinthispurplecorn.”可知，作者是回忆起了和祖父母在夏天去买东西，故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的祖父母只买最新鲜的蔬菜，尤其是紫玉米。A.freshest最新鲜；B.biggest最大；C.sweetest最甜；D.cheapest最便宜。根据下文“vegetables”可知，祖父母买的是蔬菜，结合下文“whichcornwasthemosttender(哪种玉米最嫩)”，可知祖父母买的是最新鲜的，故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只看一下外壳就知道哪种玉米最嫩。A.look看；B.bite咬；C.guess猜；D.smell闻。根据下文“thehusks”可知是通过看玉米外壳来确定哪种玉米最嫩的，takealookat为固定短语，表示“看一看”，故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个有耐心的孙女，经常在拿玉米时烧伤手指，但我的抱怨在第一口之后就被忘记了。A.quiet安静；B.helpful有帮助的；C.patient耐心；D.outgoing外向。根据下文“oftenburnedmyfingerspickingupthecorn”可知作者着急想吃玉米，经常在拿玉米时烧伤手指，说明不是个有耐心的人，故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个有耐心的孙女，经常在拿玉米时烧伤手指，但我的抱怨在第一口之后就被忘记了。A.fears恐惧；B.promises承诺；C.plaints抱怨；D.expectations期望。根据空后“wereforgottenafterthefirstbite”可知作者是在咬了一口玉米后忘记了因拿玉米时烧伤手指的抱怨，故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：玉米粒粘在我的牙齿上，让我的嘴里充满了温暖。A.water水；B.warmth温暖；C.honey蜂蜜；D.happiness幸福。根据上文“oftenburnedmyfingerspickingupt