高考英语完整版准备考一轮讲义（译林版）选修七Unit3Theworldonline

Unit3Theworldonline科普知识与现代技术之(三)——网络世界[一积词汇见多识广][课内单词回扣](一)阅读词汇写其义1．brandn．品牌；类型2.bondn．纽带vt.&vi.(使)牢固结合3．correspondvi.通信；符合；相当于4.falseadj.虚假的；错误的5．withdrawvi.&vt.撤回；取(款)6petencen．能力；技能7．classifyvt.分类，归类8.relevantadj.切题的；有价值的(二)表达词汇写其形1．mandvt.&n．命令；控制2.addressvt.解决；向……说话3．conferencen．会议，研讨会4.lifetimen．一生；存在期5．abandonvt.放弃；抛弃6.appointmentn．约会；任命(三)拓展词汇灵活用1.abundantadj.大量的，充裕的→abundancen．充裕，丰富2.assumptionn．假定，假设→assumevt.假定，假设3.evaluatevt.评估，评价→evaluationn．评估，评价*4.accuracyn．准确性；精确度→accurateadj.准确的；精确的；精密的→accuratelyadv.准确无误地*5.weaknessn．缺点，不足；弱点；虚弱，衰弱→weakadj.虚弱的，不强壮的；软弱的→weakenvi.&vt.(使)变弱*6.referencen．参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人→refervi.提及，参考，查阅*7.appointmentn．约会，预约；任命，委任→appointvt.约定，指定，确定；任命，委任8.typevt.打字→typewritervt.打字机→typistn．打字员*9.qualificationn．资格，资历→qualifyvt.使合格，取得……资格→qualifiedadj.有资格的10.acknowledgevt.承认，认可；感谢→acknowledgementn．承认，认可；感谢用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空1．Ifyouhavemadeanappointmentwithacustomer,youhadbetterbethereatthetimewhichwasappointedforthemeeting.2．Withoutproperexercise,aperson'smuscleswillbeweakened,_thusmakinghimlookweakerthanbefore.Sometimestheweaknesscanhavesomebadeffectsonaperson'slife.3．Apartfromthetextbooks,Ioftenrefertootherreferencematerialstoassistmystudies.4．Whileworkingouttheproblem,youshouldpaymoreattentiontotheaccuracy.Youmustmeasurethelengthaccuratelyinordertogettheaccuratenumber.5．—Areyousureheisqualifiedtodriveacar?—Yes.Hehasgothisdrivingqualification.[话题单词积累](一)硬件和软件1．keyboard/'kiːbɔːd/n．键盘2．monitor/'mɔnitə/n.监视器；显示屏3．mouse/maus/(pl.mice)n.(计算机)鼠标4．tabletpersonalputer平板电脑5．portableputer/'pɔːtəblkəm'pjuːtə/便携式电脑6．printer/'printə/n.打印机7．screen/skriːn/n.屏幕8．hardware/'hɑːdwεə/n.硬件9．software/'sɔftwεə/n.软件10．system/'sistəm/n.系统；体系11．data/'deitə/n.数据，资料12．database/'deitəbeis/n.数据库(二)网络和操作1．Internet/'intənet/n.互联网2．network/'netwəːk/n.网络3．website/'websait/n.网址4．cyberspace/'saibəspeis/n.网络空间5．e­mail/'iːmeɪl/n.电子邮件vt.发送电子邮件6．connect/kə'nekt/vt.连接，把……联系起来7．convenient/kən'viːnɪənt/adj.便利的，方便的8．instant/'instənt/adj.立即的；即时的9．worldwide/'wəːldwaid/adj.遍及全球的，世界范围的10．download/ˌdaʊn'lod/n．&vt.11．calculate/'kælkjuleit/vt.计算，核算，推测12．click/klik/vt.点击13．insert/in'səːt/vt.插入14．delete/di'liːt/vt.删除15．blog/blɔg/n.博客vi.写博客16．WeChatn.微信17．digital/'didʒitəl/adj.数字的[二积短语顿挫抑扬][课内短语回扣](一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.turn_to向……求助；转向*2.at_someone's_mand受某人支配3.what_is_more更为重要的是4.up_to_date最新的；时髦的*5.drop_out退学，辍学；退出6.belong_to属于7.a_bunch_of一束；大量*8.keep_..._in_mind记住，牢记9.stand_for代表，象征10.make_a_difference有关系；有影响11municate_with与……交流12.tend_to往往会，趋于13.for_lack_of因缺乏，缺少*14.search_for寻找15.a_variety_of各种各样的16.in_favor_of支持，赞成17b_(through)_sth._(for)仔细搜寻*18.have_positive_effects_on对……有积极影响*19.take_..._into_consideration把……考虑在内20.set_a_good_example_to_sb.给某人树立好的榜样(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子1．Hewhowouldsearch_forpearlsmustdivebelow.2．Keep_in_mindthatitisashametowastefood.3．Turn_tomeforhelpifyouhaveanydifficulty.4．Shewasinjuredinthefirstroundandhadtodrop_out.5．Wetoldhimthatourserviceswerepletelyat_his_mandandhewasourteamleader.6．Iwouldverymuchappreciateitifyoucouldtakeoursuggestioninto_consideration.7．Theadvertisinghas_positive_effects_onsales.[话题短语积累]1．voiceandvideochat语音视频2．surftheInternet上网冲浪3．haveaccessto/beaccessibleto能使用4．IT＝informationtechnology信息技术5．searchengine搜索引擎6．distractone'sattention分散某人的注意力7．haveanegativeeffect有负面影响8．electronicbooks电子读物9．textmessage短信10．virtualnet虚拟网11．high­speedbroadbandnetworks高速宽带互联网12．withthepopularityoftheInternet随着网络的普及13．onlineshopping网上购物14．fakegoods冒牌货15．makeachange调换16．holdtheviewthat...持有……的观点17．scientificinvention科学发明18．sustainabledevelopment可持续性发展[三积句式写作扮靓][课内句式仿写]1．without引导的含蓄条件句，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句[例句]WithouttheInternet,thesepeoplewouldhavefeweravenuestomeetpeople.[仿写]要是没有长江，可以说就不会有江南文化。(2017·北京高考写作佳句)Without_the_Yangtze_River,_Imaysay,therewould_benoJiangnanculture.2．“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型，祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句[例句]Followthesetips,andyourtimespentdoingresearchontheInternetwillbemuchmoreworthwhile.[仿写]请告诉我，我会给你寄些书的。(2016·北京高考写作佳句)Please_tell_me_andI'llsendyousomebooks.3．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..表示“越……就越……”[例句]ThemoreyouknowaboutInternetresearch,thefasteryouwillfindwhatyouarelookingfor,andthebetterinformedyouwillbe.[仿写]学习汉语，你说得越多，取得的进步就越大。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)The_moreyouspeakinlearningChinese,the_more_progressyouwillmake.[话题佳句背诵]1．It'sobviousthattheInternetisofgreathelptoourstudy.显然，互联网对我们的学习很有帮助。2．IbelieveIcanusetheInternetverywellaslongasIknowhowtocontrolmyself.我相信只要我知道如何控制自己，我就能很好地使用互联网。3．UsinganiPad,wecanlistentomusic,downloadalotoflearningmaterialsandreadthemonthescreen.使用iPad，我们可以听音乐，许多学习资料在屏幕上阅读。4．ItiseasytofindwhatyouarelookingforontheInternet.在网上找你正在寻找的东西是容易的。5．SomepeopleareworriedaboutthesafetyofpayingforgoodsusingcreditcardswhenshoppingontheInternet.一些人担心在网上购物时用信用卡为商品付钱的安全性。[四背语段语感流畅]WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manyindividualsfavouronlineshoppingbecauseitismoreconvenientandcansavetime.Onlineshopping,however,hasitsdisadvantages.Firstly,thequalityoftheobjectsmaynotbeasgoodastheyaredescribedanditispossibleforthemtobuyfakegoods.Inaddition,somepeoplefinditveryhardtomakeachangewhentheyarenotsatisfiedwiththegoodsboughtonline.SoIstronglyholdtheviewthatregulationsandrulesshouldbeworkedoutandtheInternetshoppingprovidersshouldbechecked.随着互联网的发展，很多人喜欢网上购物，因为它更方便而且能节省时间。然而，网上购物也有它的不利之处。首先，货物的质量可能不如描述的那样好，他们有可能买到冒牌货。此外，当人们对网上购买的货物不满意时，他们很难调换。我坚决认为应该制定规章制度并检查网店店主。[第一板块重点词汇突破][师生共研词汇]1．mandn．命令；控制；掌握vt.命令；指挥；控制[教材原句]Withthetouchofabuttonortheclickofamouse,astudentwillfindabundantinformationfromthelargestlibrariesandmuseumsintheworldathisorhermand.一名学生轻按键盘键或点击鼠标，就能从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆找到大量信息，加以使用。(1)atsb.'smand受某人支配；听从某人吩咐inmandof控制haveagoodmandof精通takemandof指挥，控制(2)mandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事mandthat...命令……①Hehas_a_good_mand_ofFrench.他精通法语。②Theteachermandedallthepupilstogatheratonce.＝Theteachermandedthatall_the_pupils_(should)_gatheratonce.老师命令所有学生立刻集合。[名师点津]mand意为“命令”时，其后的名词性从句中的谓语用虚拟语气形式“(should＋)do”。2．addressvt.探讨，解决，处理；对……发表演说或说话；称呼(某人)；在……上写姓名、地址；忙于，致力于[教材原句]ThemaindrawbacksoftheInternetIwilladdresstodayarethatithastoomuchinformationthathasnotbeenevaluatedforaccuracy,andthatitistransformingthewaypeoplespendtheirtime.我今天所要谈的因特网的主要缺点是网上有太多未经核准的信息，以及它正在改变人们使用时间的方式。addresstheproblemofpollution处理污染问题addressthecrowd向人群演讲addressone'sthankstosb.向某人表示感谢addresssb.as...称呼某人为……；冠以某种称呼addressaparcel/lettertosb.把包裹/信寄给某人addressoneselfto(doing)sth.着手做某事，忙于某事①Willyouaddress_this_letter_toJane?请你把这封信寄给简好吗？②TheDefenceMinisterwilladdress_the_journaliststhisafternoon.国防部长将在今天下午召开记者发布会。③Letusaddress_ourselves_tothematterinhand.让我们动手干手头的事。3．abandonvt.放弃；抛弃，舍弃n．放任；纵情[教材原句]Theywouldnothaveachievedtheirsuccessiftheyhadabandonedtheirdreams.如果他们放弃了他们的梦想，他们就不会取得成功。(1)abandondoingsth.放弃做某事abandononeselfto...沉湎于……；纵情于……(2)withabandon放纵地；放任地(3)abandonedadj.无约束的；无度的；被遗弃的①Afterhismotherdied,heabandoned_himself_togrief.他母亲死后，他悲伤不已。②Aftercarefuldeliberation,theyagreedtoabandoncarrying(carry)outtheproject.经过慎重考虑，他们同意放弃开展这个项目。③Neverinherlifehadshefeltsoalone,soabandoned(abandon)．她一生中从来没有感到如此孤单，如此无助。4．bothervi.&vt.花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰，给某人造成麻烦n．麻烦，不便[教材原句]Usually,peopletrytoputcorrectinformationontheInternet,butnoteverypersonbotherstoreadovertheirownwritingandmakecorrections.通常，人们尽量把正确的信息放在因特网上，但并非每个人都会费心阅读他们所写的内容并做修改。(1)bothertodo/doingsth.费心做某事bothersb.with/aboutsth.因某事使某人烦恼，给某人造成麻烦botherabout/withsth./sb.因某事/某人而烦恼、费心Itbotherssb.that...使某人苦恼的是……(2)putsb.tobother给某人添乱①Lotsofpeopledon'tbotherto_go/going(go)throughamarriageceremonythesedays.现在很多人不再费心思举行婚礼。②Oneshouldnotbebotheredabout/withone'spersonalgainsorlosses.一个人不应当为个人得失而烦恼。③Idon'twanttoput_him_to_any_bother,_soItrydoingitbymyself.我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。5．acknowledgevt.承认；认可；感谢[教材原句]Whenyouarefinished,youshouldalwaysacknowledgewhereyougotyourdatabyattachingalistofthewebsitesyougotyourinformationfrom.当你写完报告后，你总是应该附上你获取信息的网站列表，表明你所获资料的来源。acknowledge(sb.'sdoing)sth.承认(某人做了)某事acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as...承认某事/某人是……(常用于被动形式)Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthat...大家公认……①Mysonacknowledgedthathehaddonesomethingwrong.＝Mysonacknowledgedhis_having_donesomethingwrong.我的儿子承认他犯了错。②It_is_universally_acknowledged_thatdogsareourbestfriends.大家都认为狗是我们最好的朋友。③MichaelJordanwas_acknowledged_as/to_bethebestbasketballplayerintheNBA.迈克尔·乔丹是公认的前NBA最佳篮球选手。[熟词生义]读句子猜词义④Iamtelephoningtohaveacknowledgedyourletter.告知(信件、礼物等)已收到[自主练通词汇]1．abundantadj.大量的，充裕的(1)单句语法填空①IrrigationiseasyintheSouthbecauseoftheabundance(abundant)ofwater.②Itissaidthatthecountryisabundantinnaturalresources.(2)翻译句子③我国人口众多，地大物博。Our_country_has_a_large_population,_vast_territory_and_abundant_resources.④西安是一座历史悠久、文化遗产丰富的城市。Xi'an_is_a_city_with_a_long_history_and_an_abundant_cultural_relics.2．correspondv．通信；一致；相符合介词填空/句型转换①Iassureyoumyactionswillcorrespondwithmywords.②TheAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament.③ShestillcorrespondswithfriendsshemetinMajorcanineyearsago.④Yourwordsdon'tcorrespondwithhers.→Yourwordsarenotincorrespondencewithhers.3．classifyvt.分类，归类单句语法填空①Thebooksinthelibraryareclassified(classify)bysubject.②Itisusefultoclassifyalltheseparticlesintotwogroups.③Somedangerousgoodsarenotincludedinthisclassification(classify)．[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theteachermandedthestudentsto_hand(hand)intheirhomeworkafterclass.2．Alarmed(alarm)bythenoise,thebirdsflewawayinalldirections.3．I'msorrytobotheryouwith/aboutsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.4．Itisacknowledged(acknowledge)thattheshortestdistancebetweenpersonsisasinceresmile.5．Theyfoundanabandoned(abandon)houseinthewildmountains.6．Peopleliketosettleinaplacewherefoodandwaterareabundant_(abundance)．7．Patientsareclassified(classify)intothreecategories.8．Whenhisfatherdied,Paulhadtoaddresshimselftoearninghisownliving.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Whathesaiddidn'tcorrespondinwhatheactuallydid.in→with2．Whatyousayisnotrelevantinthematterinhand.第一个in→to3．Heabandonedhimselftoreadallkindsofbooksinhissparetime.read→reading4．ThatisuniversallyacknowledgedthatreadingplaysanimportantpartinlearningEnglish.That→It5．Inthiskindofhigh­pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantsbyfrequentmeetings.by→with6．Hemandedthatwefinishedtheworkinanhour.finished→finishⅢ.单句写作(句型转换/一句多译)1．Heacknowledgedhavingbeendisturbed.→Heacknowledgedthathehadbeendisturbed.2．EasonChenisgenerallyacknowledgedtobeafamoussingerallovertheworld.→ItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatEasonChenisafamoussingerallovertheworld.3．Margaretcorrespondedwithherbrotheruntilhisdeath.→Margaretwasincorrespondencewithherbrotheruntilhisdeath.4．老板命令他的员工们在天没黑之前不能离开办公室。①Thebossmanded_that_his_workers_(should)_not_leavetheirofficebeforedark.(mandthat...)②Thebossmanded_his_workers_not_to_leavetheirofficebeforedark.(mand＋复合宾语)5．一直没有看书，这让我很苦恼。①It_bothers_me_not_tohavereadmybooks.②It_bothers_me_thatIhaven'treadmybooks.③Nothavingreadmybooksputs_me_to_bother.[第二板块短语、句式突破]1．turnto向……求助；转向；翻到；查阅；开始从事[教材原句]Whenpeopleneedinformation,fromthenewsandweatherforecaststotravelpackagesandacademicresearch,theInternetisnowthefirstsourcetheyturnto.如今，当人们需要信息时，无论是时事新闻、天气预报还是旅游线路、学术研究，因特网都是他们的首选。turnaway转过脸去；拒绝(某人)进入turndown调小(音量等)；拒绝turnup调大(音量等)；出现；到场turnon/off打开/关掉turnin上交turnout结果是；证明是turnover翻转；反复考虑；移交①Ioftenturn_tomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp.Asaresult,Ihavemadesteadyprogressinmystudies.我经常向同学或老师求助，因此在学习上不断取得进步。②Itdidn'train,whichturned_outtobeastrokeofluck.天没下雨，结果成了件幸事。③Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturn_upsoonerorlater.不要担心，我确信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现。④Tomhadtoturn_downtheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.上周末，汤姆不得不拒绝晚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。2．dropout退学，辍学；退出，脱离[教材原句]Oneuniversitydidastudyaboutthestudentswhohaddroppedout,andfoundthat43percentofthemwereheavyInternetusers.某大学曾对退学的学生做过一项调查，发现43%的人痴迷于网络。dropoutof...退出……dropbehind落后dropoff中途下客或卸货；减少，下降；打盹dropineq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(onsb.顺便拜访某人,ataplace顺便走访某地))①Mikedropped_out_ofhighschoolattheageof16.迈克16岁时高中辍学。②IthoughtI'ddrop_in_onyouwhileIwaspassing.我曾想路过时顺便来看你。③Canyoudrop_in_atmyhouseanytimefree?你能有空顺便来我家吗？3．WithouttheInternet,thesepeoplewould_havefeweravenuestomeetpeople.如果没有因特网，这些人与别人交往的途径就会更少。介词短语withouttheInternet是without引导的含蓄条件句，相当于由if引导的非真实条件句(iftherewerenoInternet)，所以句子用虚拟语气。类似的表达还有：butfor,otherwise,orelse等。①Iwouldhavefailedintheexaminationwithoutyourhelp.＝Ifithadn't_been_foryourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamination.如果没有你的帮助，我的考试会失败的。②Ifitweren'tfortheopeningandreform,wewouldstillliveapoorlife.＝Withouttheopeningandreform,wewouldstillliveapoorlife.要是没有改革开放的话，我们还会过穷日子。③But_for_your_timely_rescue,_theboywouldhavebeendrowned.要不是你及时营救的话，这个男孩已被淹死了。4．Follow_these_tips,_andyourtimespentdoingresearchontheInternetwillbemuchmoreworthwhile.遵循这些窍门儿的话，你在网上搞研究所花的时间就会更加值得。(1)本句是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。它表示“如果……就……”，其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句。(2)“祈使句＋or(else)/otherwise＋陈述句”表示“……否则……”(3)在“祈使句＋并列连词＋陈述句”句型中，也可以用“名词＋并列连词＋陈述句”表示。①Takethismedicine,andyouwillbeOKinnotime.＝If_you_take_this_medicine,_youwillbeOKinnotime.吃了这种药，你马上就会好的。②One_more_hour,_andI'llgettheworkfinished.再给我一小时，我就完成工作了。③Don'tdrivesofast,or_(else)/otherwise,_you'llhaveanaccident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.选词填空dropout，abunchof，turnto，whatismore，belongto，standfor，makeadifference，take...intoconsideration，avarietyof1．Asoneofthebestschoollibraries,itprovidesa_variety_ofbooks,magazinesandrelevantmaterials.2．Hewasrunningforclasspresident,butdropped_outwhenheknewhecouldn'twin.3．Mysongavemea_bunch_ofbeautifulflowersandabeautifulsweaterlastMother'sDay.4．WheneverIneedhelporamintrouble,Iwouldturn_tomyparentsforadviceandhelp.5．Helearnseasilyandwhat_is_more,_herememberswhathehaslearnt.6．Timegoesbyquietlyandthepastdoesn'tbelong_tous.7．Peopleusuallyeatmooncakeswhichstand_forahappyreuniononMid­AutumnDay.8．Whatyouhavetoldmemaymake_a_differencetomyownposition.9．Weshouldtakeallthesefactorsinto_consideration.Ⅱ.补全句子1．仔细考虑一下，你就会找到问题的答案。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)Think_it_over_andyouwillfindtheanswertothequestion.2．没有你的帮助我就不会这么早完成工作。(without引导的含蓄条件句)Icould_not_have_finishedtheworksosoonwithoutyourhelp.3．你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。(the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...)The_moreyoutalked,the_lessattentionhepaidtoyou.4．你认为谁是今年茅盾文学奖的得主？(疑问词＋doyouthink＋陈述语序)Who_do_you_thinkwillbethewinneroftheMaoDunLiteratureAwardthisyear?5．并非每一个孩子都能成为音乐家。(部分否定)Not_every_childcanbeeamusician.Ⅲ.句式升级1．Ifyoueintime,youwillseeyourfavoritestar.①e_in_time_and_you_will_see_your_favorite_star.(祈使句＋and)②e_in_time_or_you_will_not_see_your_favorite_star.(祈使句＋or)2．Withouttheseinterruptions,themeetingwouldhavefinishedearlier.①But_for_these_interruptions,_the_meeting_would_have_finished_earlier.(butfor)②If_there_were_not_these_interruptions,_the_meeting_would_have_finished_earlier.(if引导的条件状语从句)eq\a\vs4\al([课堂双线提能]课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接)提能一用课文词汇写高分作文infavorof，haveeffectson，uptodate，inneedof，turnto，b，click，mouse，abundant，avenues，atyourmand1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)①很多人支持因特网，因为他们认为因特网对人们的生活有积极的影响。Manypeoplearein_favor_of_the_Internet,_becausetheythinktheInternethas_positiveeffectsonpeople'slives.②无论何时，无论何地，你都可以搜索最新的大事要事并且交换信息。Youcanb_the_events_up_to_dateandtradeinformationwheneverandwhereverpossible.③当你需要信息时，因特网是你求助的首选。Whenyouarein_need_ofinformation,theInternetisthefirstplacethatyouturn_to.④轻按键盘或点击鼠标，你就能找到大量信息，加以使用。Ifyoutouchabuttonorclick_a_mouse,_you'llgetabundant_information_at_your_mand.⑤如果没有因特网，你与别人交往并且了解这个精彩世界的途径就会更少。IftherewerenottheInternet,youwouldhave_fewer_avenuestomeetpeopleandknowthewonderfulworld.2．升级平淡句(1)用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型改写句④Touch_a_button_or_click_a_mouse,_and_you'll_get_abundant_information_at_your_mand.(2)用“without＋n.”结构改写句⑤Without_the_Internet,_you_would_have_fewer_avenues_to_meet_people_and_know_the_wonderful_world.3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first,second,what'smore)ManypeopleareinfavoroftheInternet,becausetheythinktheInternethaspositiveeffectsonpeople'slives.First,youcanbtheeventsuptodateandtradeinformationwheneverandwhereverpossible.Second,whenyouareinneedofinformation,theInternetisthefirstplacethatyouturnto.Touchabuttonorclickamouse,andyou'llgetabundantinformationatyourmand.What'smore,withouttheInternet,youwouldhavefeweravenuestomeetpeopleandknowthewonderfulworld.提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——含有定语从句的名词性从句]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句ThemaindrawbacksoftheInternetIwilladdresstodayarethatithastoomuchinformationthathasnotbeenevaluatedforaccuracy,andthatitistransformingthewaypeoplespendtheirtime.本句的主语是themaindrawbacksoftheInternetIwilladdresstoday，其中Iwilladdresstoday是定语从句，修饰先行词drawbacks。谓语动词are后接两个由that引导的表语从句。第一个表语从句中，information后接一个由that引导的定语从句；第二个表语从句中，theway后面也接了一个省略引导词的定语从句。此外，这一团队又进行了另外一项实验，这一实验显示：叫声与鸟妈妈的声音很接近的幼鸟得到的食物最多。真题长难句Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.(2017·江苏高考)本句的主句为theteamsetupaseparateexperiment,thatsuggested...food为定语从句修饰先行词experiment，定语从句中又含有suggest引导的宾语从句thatthebabybirdswererewardedwiththemostfood，该宾语从句中还有一个定语从句thatmostclosely...voice，修饰先行词birds。“网络世界”是高中新课程标准24个话题“科普知识与现代技术”的子话题。网络的发展正在影响着你我的生活，我们拿出智能，连上WiFi，打开淘宝、京东一键购物，打开微信、QQ与好友聊天……这些都是网络对人们生活的贡献。该话题也是高考常考话题，尤其是在阅读理解和写作中。因此每一位考生对此话题都必须足够重视。一、话题与语篇[考题示例](2017·江苏高考阅读C)[1]Anewmoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast­growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.[2]Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants'successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew­borngiantssuggeststhatnewerscanmakewaves,too.[3]Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all­presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandpetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtootherpanies.Internetpanies'controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God'seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.[4]Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbeegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobeeapparent,twoideasstandout.[5]Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedpanyisbuyinganew­bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew­bornpanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.[6]Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon­lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.paniescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.[7]Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon'twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.61．Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?A．Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.B．Theycollectenormousprivatedata.C．Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.D．Theydismissedsomenew­borngiants.62．WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A．Datagiants'technologyisveryexpensive.B．Google'sideaispopularamongdatafirms.C．Datacanstrengthengiants'controllingposition.D．Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.63．Bypayingattentiontofirms'dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould________.A．killanewthreat B．avoidthesizetrapC．favourbiggerfirms D．chargehigherprices64．Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants'controlofdata?A．Bigpaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.B．Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.C．Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.D．Smallpaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.[策略指导](一)这样读文第1步：宏观把握文章大意分层抓关键句概括层意行文结构第1段第1段画波浪线部分一种新的商品引发了高利润、快速增长的产业，迫使反垄断管理者介入控制那些处于主导地位的公司提出问题第2～3段第2～3段画波浪线部分科技巨头需要解体，但因特网公司对于数据的控制赋予了它们巨大的权力分析问题第4～6段第4～6段画波浪线部分反垄断机构在考虑解决问题时需注意的两个原则解决原则第7段第7段画波浪线部分政府应行动起来呼吁解决第2步：微观突破理解障碍[尝试翻译]一种新的商品引发了高利润、快速增长的产业，迫使反垄断管理者介入控制那些处于主导地位的公司。(二)这样做题[名师解题]61．细节理解题。选A根据第二段的首句“Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.”可知，这种形势要求科技巨头拆分。这种形势是指上文提及的那几家大公司垄断了数据市场，故本题答案为A。62．细节理解题。选C从第三段可知，以谷歌公司为例，这些科技巨头发现了数据可以转变为新的服务，例如翻译和视觉识别，这些都可以卖给其他公司。网络公司对于数据的控制赋予了他们巨大的权力，从而可以增强他们的控制地位。63．推理判断题。选B根据第五段可知，反垄断部门在考虑兼并时，通常根据规模的大小来决定何时进行干预，现在当评估这些交易的影响时，他们需要考虑到这些公司的数据资产的范围，再根据“Thepurchasepricecould...anew­bornthreat.”可知，通过重新考虑被兼并公司的数据资产，反垄断部门就可以避免落入规模大小这个陷阱。64．推理判断题。选D根据倒数第二段可知，放松网络服务的供应商对于网络数据的控制，把更多的份额给数据提供者，从而让小公司也有机会发展。[阅读理解系列技法16]通过选项特点巧解推理判断题推理判断题的正确选项特点有：1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2．选项中一般不会出现绝对概念，如only,never,all,absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。例如第64题，选项D即为通过倒数第二段，一步推理可得。B项是对原文含义的曲解，A、C两项属于推理过度。(三)这样积累1．regulatorn．监管者2．targetvt.瞄准；把……作为攻击目标3．revenuen.收入，收益，所得4．revealvt.显露；揭露5．loosenv.解开；放松，放宽6．consentn.同意；准许二、话题与写作[考题示例](2016·江苏高考)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Inrecentyears,internetvotinghasbeeincreasinglypopularinChina.Peoplenotonlycaston­linevotesthemselves,butalsourgeotherstovoteforpetitionslikethe“MostBeautifulTeacher”andthe“CutestBaby”．LiJiang,ahighschoolstudent,isinvitedtovoteinthe“BestPoliceOfficer”petition,organizedbythelocalgovernmenttoletthepublichaveabetterunderstandingofpoliceofficers'dailywork.LiJiangvisitsthewebsiteandreadsallthestories.Heisdeeplymovedbytheirgloriousdeeds.Heisalreadythinkingofbeingapolicemanhimselfinthefuture.SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”petition.Hehasalreadyreceivedthreesimilarinvitationsthisweek.Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthepetition,thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.SuHualikeshiscousinverymuch,buthefindsothersingersperformevenbetter.Tovote,ornottovote?Thisisaquestionthattroubleshimverymuch.[写作内容]1．用约30个单词写出上文概要；2．用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。[写作要求]1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3．不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[写作规范]第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分1．让人们参入其中get_people_involved_in_...2．对……有益be_beneficial_to3．让……处于进退两难境地put_..._into_a_dilemma4．不可分割的inseparable5．不仅仅no_more_than6．与……无差异make_no_difference_from_...7．寻求支持seek_supports8．不管regardless_of_...9．感到愤怒feel_annoyed10．情感与公平emotion_and_fairness11．制定出work_out_...12．持有积极的态度hold_a_positive_attitude_towards_...第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分1．它对有些人有益。It_is_beneficial_to_some_people.2．它让另外一些人对于是否投票处于两难境地。It_puts_others_into_a_dilemma_over_whether_to_vote_or_not.3．网上投票是现代生活不可分割的一部分，应受到欢迎，因为它不仅仅是一种参与公共生活的方式。On­line_voting_is_an_inseparable_part_of_modern_life_and_should_be_weled,_since_it_is_no_more_than_a_way_to_participate_in_public_life.4．它与普通投票活动毫无差异。It_makes_no_difference_from_ordinary_voting_events.5．在投票活动中候选人要四处奔走寻求支持。Candidates_go_around_and_seek_supports_in_the_voting_events.6．因特网使调查和投票更方便和容易，不受时间和空间的限制。The_Internet_makes_surveying_and_voting_easy_and_convenient,_regardless_of_time_and_space.7．投票者有时会感到愤怒，不是因为他们不喜欢投票而是因为他们要在情感和公正之间做出抉择。Voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not_because_they_hate_voting,_but_because_they_are_divided_between_emotion_and_fairness.8．如果我们制定一些人们可以遵守的参与规则，情况就会变好的。Things_will_turn_for_the_better_if_we_can_work_out_some_participation_rules_for_people_to_obey.第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分1．将句1、2用while合并It_is_beneficial_to_some_people,_while_it_puts_others_into_a_dilemma_over_whether_to_vote_or_not.2．将句4、5用inwhich引导的定语从句合并It_makes_no_difference_from_ordinary_voting_events,_in_which_candidates_go_around_to_seek_supports.第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分On­linevotingbeesincreasinglypopular,andmanypetitionsgetpeopleinvolvedinit.Itisbeneficialtosomepeople,whileitputsothersintoadilemmaoverwhethertovoteornot.Inmyopinion,on­linevotingisaninseparablepartofmodernlifeandshouldbeweled,sinceitisnomorethanawaytoparticipateinpubliclife.Itmakesnodifferencefromordinaryvotingevents,inwhichcandidatesgoaroundtoseeksupports.Inaddition,theInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyandconvenient,regardlessoftimeandspace.Furthermore,votingontheInternetmakesinstantfeedbackpossible.Tobehonest,voters