06- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考II卷专用）（解析版）

备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考II卷专用）黄金卷06注意事项：1．本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2．考生答题前请在规定位置填写姓名、班级、考号等相关信息，在答题卡上正确填涂准考证号（或粘贴条形码）并仔细核对自己的信息；3．选择题请用2B铅笔在答题卡对应的位置准确填涂，非选择题请用0.5mm黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡的非选择题区域作答。在本试卷及草稿纸上作答，答案无效；4．考试结束后，本试题、答题卡、草稿纸一并收回，请勿带出考场。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whattroublesthewoman?A．Herrecentsickness. B．Herbadsleep. C．Herdog’smisbehavior.【答案】B【原文】W:Excuseme,Mr.Smith.Iamyourneighborlivingnexttoyou.Iwaswonderingifyoucoulddosomethingaboutyourdog.It’sbeenbarkingallnightsothatIcan’thaveasoundsleep.M:OK.Iwillpaymoreattentiontoitsincemydoghasbeenillrecently.W:Thankyousomuch!2．Whatdidthemandowiththeextrapaper?A．Hegavehalfofittohisfriend.B．Hethrewhalfofitaway.C．Hesoldtherestofit.【答案】A【原文】W:Didyouthrowawaytheextrapaper?M:Igavehalfofittoafriendandkepttherest.W:That’sgood.Anyway,it’snotagoodhabittowastepaper.3．Whichnamedidtheman’swifesuggest?A．Allison. B．James. C．Zoe.【答案】A【原文】W:Hi,James,howisyourlittleZoetoday?Youhaveacutenameforyourdaughter.M:Oh,youareflatteringme.MywifesaidweshouldcallherAllison,afterhermother,butIthoughtitsoundedout-of-date.4．Whatwasthereasonforthemantoworkatthecharityatfirst?A．Tohelpthehomeless. B．Todoacollegeproject. C．Togetworkexperience.【答案】C【原文】W:So,itsaysherethatyoudidsomevolunteerworktoraisemoneyforahomelesscharityduringthesummer.M:That’sright.IoriginallytookthejobbecauseIneededsomeworkexperienceforcollege,buthelpingotherpeoplereallymademerealizehowluckyIam.5．WhydoesFreddecidetoquit?A．Heoftenworksovertime.B．Heneedstoearnmoremoney.C．Hedoesn’tgetonwellwithhiscolleagues.【答案】B【原文】W:FredisleavingthisFriday.Willyougotohisfarewellparty?M:Sure.Iwaswonderingwhyheleaves.Hegetsonwellwithcolleagues.Isitduetothelongworkinghours?W:Lackofmoneyisthemainproblem,asIseeit.Heisabouttohaveathirdbaby.M:IfIdon’tgetmoremoney,I’llquitaswell.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Howlongwilltheman’sfriendbestayingintheapartment?A．Anothermonthormore. B．Atleasttwomonths. C．Lessthanamonth.7．Whatdoesthewomanwanttheman’sfriendtodo?A．Moveout. B．Findajobinamonth. C．Sharethehouseholdexpenses.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】W:Hey,Jim.DoyoumindifIaskyouhowlongyourfriendisgoingtobestayinginourapartment?M:Hewillbehereforatleastanothermonth,maybelonger.Itdependsonwhetherornothefindsajob.W:OK...well...it’sjustthathe’salreadybeenherefortwomonths,andhejustsitsaroundherealldayandeatsallourfood.ItisOKifitistemporary,butIdidn’tknowhe’dbestayingherethislong.Maybeheshouldstartcontributingforthingslikerent,orevengroceries.M:I’lltalktohim,butIcan’tmakeyouanypromises.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8．Whydidn’tthemanbuyanymilktoday?A．Heforgottobuyit.B．Thestoreranoutofmilk.C．Hereadsomenegativewordsaboutmilk.9．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Sheseldomdrinksmilk.B．Heropinionsalwayschange.C．Shedoesn’ttrustthoseexperts.【答案】8．C9．C【原文】W:Darling,youmusthaveforgottentobuymilkonyourwayhome.M:Nope.Actually,Iboughtsomesoymilkinstead.W:Why?Wasallthemilksoldoutbeforeyougotthere?M:No.Iwentonlinetoday,andsomeexpertssaidmilkisnotalwaysgoodforpeople’shealth.W:Really?Whatdidtheysay?M:Milkishighincaloriesandfat,sodrinkingtoomuchofitmaycauseyoutogainweight.Also,thekindofsugarinmilkmaycauseyoutohaveanupsetstomachifyoucan’tdigestitwell.Mostimportantly,milkdoesnotactuallyhelpkidsgrowtallandstrong.W:Uh-oh,soyoudidn’tbuyanymilktoday?Listen,I’vebeendrinkingmilksinceIwasababy.Lookatme...amIhealthyenough?Don’tbelievethoseso-calledexperts.Theiropinionsalwayschange.M:Maybeyou’reright.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10．Whatmadetheman’sgrandpastudyFrench?A．Hisborninterest. B．Histravellingexperience. C．Hisgrandson’sencouragement.11．HowdoesthegrandpalearnFrench?A．BysingingFrenchsongs. B．BywritingFrenchpoems. C．BytalkingwithFrenchnatives.12．Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A．Ateacher. B．Apoet. C．Aneditor.13．Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Schoolmates. B．Colleagues. C．Sisterandbrother.【答案】10．B11．B12．A13．A【原文】W:Howoldisyourgrandpanow?M:He’salready80.Incredibly,hebegantolearnFrench3yearsago.W:Whoa,that’samazing!WhydidheresolvetostepintotheworldofFrench?M:Yeah,hejusttravelsalot,makinghimselfrealizethatFrenchisofgreatuse.W:SohowdoeshelearnFrench?M:HealwayslistenstoFrenchsongsandevenlooksuptheunknownwordsinthelyrics.W:Wow,unbelievableathisage.Doesheturntoyouforhelp?M:Ofcoursehedoeslikethatveryoften.HefrequentlytalkswithmeinFrenchandasksmetopolishhisFrenchessaysorpoems.Sometimesbetterthanmystudents’works.W:Haha,canhewritepoems?Itisinfactdemandingevenfornativespeakers.M:Yes,hecan.Irememberthatyouwerefondofpoemsinhighschool,especiallypoemswrittenbyLouisAragon,aFrenchpoet.Gonearethedayswhenwespenttimetogetherinhighschool.Ireallymisstheolddays.W:Me,too.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Howdidthemannoticetheproblemfirst?A．Hisbankcalledhim. B．Hisbillshowedhim. C．Hiscreditcardwasstolen.15．Whatdidthebankdotofixtheproblem?A．Theygavethemanhismoneybackatonce.B．Theydecidedtotalktothebank’sowner.C．Theyaskedthemantoprovidetheevidence.16．Whatmighthavecausedtheproblemaccordingtotheman?A．Onlineshopping. B．Overduedebt. C．Unskilledoperation.17．Whatdothetwospeakersmainlytalkabout?A．Informationsafety. B．Shoppinghabits. C．Moneymanagement.【答案】14．B15．C16．A17．A【原文】M:Ican’tbelievethis.Ihavebeenonthephonewithmybankalldayandtheystillhaven’tfixedmyproblem.W:Isitacreditcardproblem?M:Yes.Mycreditcardinformationwasstolen.WhenIgotmybillinthemail,Isawthereweremanyunfamiliarpurchasesonit.W:That’sterrible.Didtheytakealotofmoney?M:Yes,andIamveryupsetbecausethebankisnothelpingmequickly.Ihavetalkedtomanydifferentmanagersalready.W:Doesn’tthebank’sownerneedtomakethedecisiontogiveyouyourmoneyback?M:No.Ijusthavetoprovethatthesepurchaseswerenotmadebyme.W:Ihopeyoucanfixthisproblemsoon.Somethingsimilarhappenedtomyhusband’smotherrecently.Shewastrickedintogivingawaysomeimportantinformationoverthephone.M:IthinkthepersonwhostolemyinformationgotitfromtheInternet.Iboughtacollectionofmoviesrecently.Iwon’tbedoingthatagainunlessthewebsiteissuretobesafe.It’shonestlymyfaultforbeingcareless.W:Youcanneverbetoocareful.Well,yourproblemisinspiringmetolookintoprotectingmyaccountbetter.IthinkIcanpaymybankmoretohelpme.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whatdoesthestudyfocusonaboutthecommunitycolleges?A．Theirstudentnumbers. B．Theiradmissionpolicies. C．Theirtrainingarrangements.19．Whydomanypeoplegiveupcollege?A．Itoffersfewercredits. B．Itopensexpensiveclasses. C．Itisn’tneededformanyjobs.20．Howdoesthespeakerfindthedata?A．Inaccurate. B．Surprising. C．Expected.【答案】18．A19．C20．B【原文】Somestudentstakecommunitycollegeclassestogetjobtraining.Othersgotocommunitycollegestotakelower-costclassesbeforemovingtoafour-yearuniversity.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatmoreandmorestudentsarenolongerchoosingtoattendcommunitycolleges.Somestudentssaycreditsforclassesatcommunitycollegesdonotgainrecognitionbyfour-yearcolleges,andsomeemployerssayworkersfromcommunitycollegesarenotalwaysreadyforjobs.Atthesametime,thoughcollegeeducationisuseful,therearemanyjobsforpeoplewithoutacollegeeducation,whichmakespeoplebelievetheydonotneedcollege.Unexpectedly,thenumberofstudentsatU.S.communitycollegeshasdroppedby37percent,orabout2.6millionsince2020.Thosenumberscomefromanoccupationresearchcenter,anon-profitgroup.Duringthesameperiod,thecostofhighereducationintheU.S.wentupsharply.Manyprivatefour-yearcollegescancost$40,000peryear.However,communitycollegescost,onaverage,isevenlessthan$4,000peryear.Moreover,researchersareremotelyinvestigatingheadmastersofcommunitycollegesabouttheirpoliciesrelatedtotheschoolfees.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAutumnReadingRezDogsRezDogs,byJosephBruchacisabookwritteninverse(诗).It’saboutaneighth-gradernamedMalianShe’svisitinghergrandparentsattheirhomeonaWabanakireservationwhenCOVID-19hits.Duringlockdown,MalianlearnsmorefromhergrandparentsaboutherNativefamily’shistory.OmarRisingOmarRising,byAishaSaeedtellsthestoryofthesonofaservantinPakistan.Omarisexcitedthathehaswonascholarship(奖学金)toaboardingschool.Butwhenhegetstherehediscoversthathisscholarshipisofferedwithspecialconditions.Tostayattheschool,Omarmustdochores(杂活)andgetbettergradesthanthewealthystudents.Andhe’snotallowedtojoinclubsorteams.Whenhisfutureattheschooldoesseembright,heandhisfriendsworkhardtocreatefairnessforall.TheIceCreamMachineTheIceCreamMachineisnocommonbook.It’ssixdifferentstoriesrolledintoonebook.Eachstoryhasaverydifferentplot(情节)abouticecream.Oneice-creamstoryisaboutaboyandhisrobotinthedistantfuture.Anotherisaboutafatheranddaughterwhoinventanice-creammachine.TheIceCreamMachineisinventiveandfun.Itsauthor,AdamRubin,hopesthebookencourageskidstowrite.SugarandSpiteSugarandSpite,byGailD．Villanueva,finds12-year-oldJolinanewlyarrivedonanislandinthePhilippines.It’stherethatshelearnshowtomakemagic.Jolinausesthatmagictogetabully(仗势欺人者)namedClaudineoffherback.Filipinohistoryandcultureareshowninthebook.Villanuevasaidthatkidsshouldreadaboutplacesandculturesdifferentfromtheirown.21．WhatproblemdoesOmarhave?A．Hefindsitdifficulttolearnmagic. B．Heisunabletovisithisgrandparents.C．Hereceivesunfairtreatmentatschool D．Hehasnomoneytobuyanice-creammachine22．WhatdoweknowaboutAdamRubin’sbook?A．Itisaguidebook. B．Itisatraveldiary.C．Itisaversenovel. D．Itisacollectionofstories.23．WhichbookwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinthecultureandhistoryofthePhilippines?A．RezDogs. B．OmarRising.C．SugarandSpite. D．TheIceCreamMachine.【答案】21．C22．D23．C【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要给读者介绍几本书。21．细节理解题。根据第二本书“OmarRising”中的描述“Butwhenhegetstherehediscoversthathisscholarshipisofferedwithspecialconditions.Tostayattheschool,Omarmustdochores(杂活)andgetbettergradesthanthewealthystudents.Andhe’snotallowedtojoinclubsorteams.(但是当他到达那里后发现，他的奖学金是有特殊条件的。为了能待在学校，Omar必须干杂活，并且要比那些家庭富裕的学生考的分数高。他还不被允许参加俱乐部或者球队)”可知，Omar在学校受到了不公正的待遇。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据第三本书“TheIceCreamMachine”中的描述“TheIceCreamMachineisnocommonbook.It’ssixdifferentstoriesrolledintoonebook.Eachstoryhasaverydifferentplot(情节)abouticecream.(《TheIceCreamMachine》不是一本普通的书。它是六个不同的故事合在一本书里。每一个故事都有一个非常不同的关于冰激凌的情节)”可知，AdamRubin的书是一本故事集。故选D。23．推理判断题。根据最后一本书“SugarandSpite”中的描述“Filipinohistoryandcultureareshowninthebook.(书中介绍了菲律宾的历史和文化)”可知，如果你对菲律宾的历史和文化感兴趣的话可以看《SugarandSpite》这本书。故选C。BItisnoteasytoexciteNewYorkersorkeepthemgoingeasyonthingsaround.Thisisonereasonwhyactorsandotherfamouspeoplemovetothecity.TheycanlivequieterlivesandescapethepaparazziphotographerswhowouldfollowtheminHollywood.ButNewYorkhasanewmediastar.Andthisstarisnotlivingsoquietly.ThestarisacolorfulMandarinduck.ThebirdfirstappearedthismonthinasmallbodyofwaterinManhattan’sCentralPark.Largecrowdshavegatheredtoseetheduck.Reportershavebeenfollowingitseverymove.Themediaattentionontheduckhasearnedthename“quackarazzi”–awordcombinationofpaparazziandthesoundaduckmakes!TheduckhaschosentoliveinacostlypartofNewYork--justoffFifthAvenue,nearthehistoricPlazaHotel.There,hundredsofpeopleturnupeveryday,hopingtoseethebirdshowoffitsextremelycolorfulfeathers.Manypeopleliketheduckbecauseitscolorsarelike“sunsets,”saysNewYorkerJoeAmato.Hecomestotheparknearlyeverydaywithhiscameraequipment.Birdlovershavebeenkeepingrecordofthebird’sdailylifethroughsocialmediapostingsandvideos.Peoplehavenotedhoweffortlesslytheduckmovesthroughthewater.Thisweek,NewYork’snewestcelebrityseemedtoenjoyitsfame,showingoffitswingswhilemembersofthe“quackarazzi”pushedeachothertogetacloserlook.LeesaBeckmanntraveledovertwohoursfromherhomeinNewJerseytoseetheduck.Shesaysher90-year-oldmotherhasbeentalkingallabouttheducksinceitsfirstappearance.“I’vegottoseethis...duck,”Beckmanntoldhermother.Sheplanstotakepicturesandgivethemtohermother.BirdexpertPaulSweetheadsalargecollectionofbirdspeciesattheNewYork-basedAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory.HesaysthereisnothingspecialaboutaMandarinduckinCentralPark.CentralParkZoohasitsownMandarinduck,hesays.TheseducksareoftenimportedtotheUnitedStatesfromAsiaforuseonprivateproperty.“Alotofnon-birderstendtosee(colorful)birdsasmorebeautiful,”Sweetsaid,“Buttome,it’snomorebeautifulthan,say,asparrow.”24．Fromthepassagewecanknow_______A．NewYorkersarealwaysexcitedaboutnewthings.B．AsuperstarisgivingaperformanceinManhattan’sCentralPark.C．Birdloversareinterestedinrecordingthelifeofthenew“guest”.D．EveryoneagreesMandarinduckisanewspecies.25．ManyNewYorkerslikethebirdforthereasonthat_____.A．It’sfamousinHollywoodfilms.B．Ithasabeautifulcolorandlikestoshowitswings.C．Theycantakelotsofpicturesandsellformoney.D．Theyareluckyandprecious.26．PaulSweetmayagreethat______.A．Hismotherwillsurelylikethepicturesofthebirds.B．“Quackarazzi”isagoodnamefortheduck.C．NewYorkersneedtoprotectthenewspecies.D．MandarinduckcanbebroughtintoAmericafromothercountriesforuse.27．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．ColorfulMandarinDuckExcitesNewYorkersB．ComeandMeetMandarinduckinCentralParkC．MandarinDuckinCentralPark---ARareSpeciesD．AMostBeautifulBird【答案】24．C25．B26．D27．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了纽约人对名人不感兴趣，但是对一只鸳鸯却充满了好奇。24．细节理解题。根据第三段“Birdlovershavebeenkeepingrecordofthebird’sdailylifethroughsocialmediapostingsandvideos.(鸟类爱好者们通过社交媒体上的帖子和视频来记录这只鸟的日常生活)”可知，鸟类爱好者们对这只新客人很感兴趣。故选C。25．推理判断题。根据第三段“There,hundredsofpeopleturnupeveryday,hopingtoseethebirdshowoffitsextremelycolorfulfeathers.Manypeopleliketheduckbecauseitscolorsarelike“sunsets,”saysNewYorkerJoeAmato.(数以百计的人每天来这里，希望能看到这只鸟展示它非常多彩的羽毛。纽约人JoeAmato说，很多人喜欢这只鸳鸯是因为它的色彩像“日落”)”以及第四段“Thisweek,NewYork’snewestcelebrityseemedtoenjoyitsfame,showingoffitswingswhilemembersofthe“quackarazzi”pushedeachothertogetacloserlook.(这周，当这些关注这只鸟的人互相推搡，以便近距离观察时，纽约的最新名人似乎很享受它的名声，炫耀着它的翅膀)”可知，很多纽约人喜欢这只鸟的原因是因为它喜欢展示自己的翅膀以及它的羽毛的色彩。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“CentralParkZoohasitsownMandarinduck,hesays.TheseducksareoftenimportedtotheUnitedStatesfromAsiaforuseonprivateproperty.(中央公园有自己的鸳鸯，他说。这些鸳鸯经常从亚洲引进到美国作为私有物)”可知，鸳鸯可以从其他国家进口到美国。故选D。27．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ButNewYorkhasanewmediastar.Andthisstarisnotlivingsoquietly.ThestarisacolorfulMandarinduck.(但是纽约有了一个新的媒体明星。并且这个明星生活的并不安静。这个明星是一只彩色的鸳鸯)”以及下文的描述可知，这篇文章主要讲的是一只彩色的鸳鸯引起了纽约人的兴趣。故选A。CLichens(地衣)Lichenslooklikesplashesofpaintleftbehindbyacarelesspainter.Unlikemanyplants,theydonotrequiresoiltogrow.Theygrowontrunkoftreesinsteamingtropicalrainforests,onfarmers’fenceposts,onthebricksofbig-citybuildings,andonoldgravestones.Lichenscantolerateextremesofclimate.Theygrowonrocksinhotsprings,onwind-sweptmountaintops,andonstonesinthedriestdeserts.IntheArctic,lichensaretheprincipalsourceoffoodforreindeer.WholemountainsidesinAntarcticaappeargreenandorangebecauseofthepresenceoflichens;theyareoneofthefewplantsthatcansurvivethere.Theyareamongtheoldestofknownplants.Recently,scientistsdiscoveredlichenfossilsonarockinamineinsouthwestChinathatdateback600millionyears.Whenconditionsbecomeharsh,lichensbecomedormant(休眠).Ifthereisnotenoughmoisture,theysimplydryup,butashortrainorevenaheavydewgivesthemnewlife.Whengrowingonrocksurfaces,lichensproduceacidsthatdissolve(溶解)theminerals,contributingtotheprocessofweatheringbywhichrocksareslowlyturnedtosoil.Thispropertyenableslichenstobepioneers.Theyappearonbarrenrockrubbedcleanbyglaciers,fires,lavaflows,orfloods,beginningtheprocessofsoilformationthatallowsmosses(苔藓)andotherplantstolatertakeroot.But,despitetheirhardiness,lichensareextremelysensitivetoairborneparticles(颗粒).That’swhytheyserveasanearlywarningsystemforairpollution.Itistheacidslichensproducethatgivethemtheirdistinctivecolors.Lichensareoftenspokenofinthesamebreathasmosses,andsomelichensareevencalledmosses,buttruemossesarealldistinctivelygreen,whereaslichensappearinmanyvividcolors.Atonetime,acidsfromlichenswereusedtomakedyes,suchasthepurpledye,thebluedye,andthereddye,andtheyaresometimesstillusedthatwaytoday.Somelichens,suchasoakmoss,containoilsthatproducefragrantodorsusedinscentedsoaps,cosmeticsandperfumes.Somelichensarealsoknowntohaveantibioticpropertiestokillbacteria.Sodefinitearetheform,color,andcharacteristicsoftheseorganismsthatforhundredsofyearslichenswereconstantlyunderscientists’microscope.28．Whatcharacteristicoflichensismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph1?A．Theygrowonlyonrocksurfaces.B．Theyliveprimarilyincoldplaces.C．Theyhaveadaptedtoawidevarietyofenvironments.D．Theyliveinremotelocationsfarfromhumancommunities.29．Theauthorrefertolichensaspioneersinparagraph2becausethey__________.A．havetheirprimitivestructureB．growinareasbeforeotherplantsdoC．arefoundinremotepartsoftheworldD．developsoearlyinthehistoryoftheplanet30．Accordingtoparagraph3,humansuselichensinthefollowingwaysEXCEPT__________.A．asameansofcoloringclothingB．asatypeofmedicineC．asasourceoffoodD．asaningredientinperfume31．Whichofthefollowingcaseswouldbeprobablydealtwithinthenextparagraph?A．LichensareimportantinCanadabecauseoftheirabundanceinthenorth.B．Extractsoflichensweresoldasherbalmedicinestofacilitatehairgrowth.C．GlacierPark’svastarrayoflichensindicaterelativelygoodairquality.D．AGermanbotanistfirstfoundlichensarecomposedoftwolifeforms.【答案】28．C29．B30．C31．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地衣，包括其各种各样的生长环境和用途。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theygrowontrunkoftreesinsteamingtropicalrainforests,onfarmers’fenceposts,onthebricksofbig-citybuildings,andonoldgravestones.Lichenscantolerateextremesofclimate.Theygrowonrocksinhotsprings,onwind-sweptmountaintops,andonstonesinthedriestdeserts.IntheArctic,lichensaretheprincipalsourceoffoodforreindeer.WholemountainsidesinAntarcticaappeargreenandorangebecauseofthepresenceoflichens;theyareoneofthefewplantsthatcansurvivethere.Theyareamongtheoldestofknownplants.Recently,scientistsdiscoveredlichenfossilsonarockinamineinsouthwestChinathatdateback600millionyears.(它们生长在热带雨林的树干上，生长在农民的篱笆柱上，生长在大城市建筑的砖块上，生长在古老的墓碑上。地衣可以忍受极端的气候。它们生长在温泉的岩石上，风吹过的山顶上，以及最干燥的沙漠里的石头上。在北极，地衣是驯鹿的主要食物来源。南极洲的整个山坡因为地衣的存在而呈现出绿色和橙色；它们是少数能在那里生存的植物之一。它们是已知最古老的植物之一。最近，科学家们在中国西南部的一个矿山的岩石上发现了地衣化石，可以追溯到6亿年前。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了地衣生长在各种不同的环境中，由此可推知，地衣已经适应了各种各样的环境。故选C。29．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Whengrowingonrocksurfaces,lichensproduceacidsthatdissolve(溶解)theminerals,contributingtotheprocessofweatheringbywhichrocksareslowlyturnedtosoil.Thispropertyenableslichenstobepioneers.Theyappearonbarrenrockrubbedcleanbyglaciers,fires,lavaflows,orfloods,beginningtheprocessofsoilformationthatallowsmosses(苔藓)andotherplantstolatertakeroot.(当地衣生长在岩石表面时，会产生酸性物质溶解矿物质，促进岩石慢慢变成土壤的风化过程。这种特性使地衣成为先锋。它们出现在被冰川、火灾、熔岩流或洪水冲刷干净的贫瘠岩石上，开始了土壤形成的过程，使苔藓和其他植物后来生根。)”可知，地衣生长在岩石表面，促进岩石慢慢变成土壤的风化过程，形成土壤，这让苔藓和其他植物能生根，由此可推知，作者在第二段中将地衣称为先驱，是因为它们先于其他植物，最先在岩石上生长的。故选B。30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Atonetime,acidsfromlichenswereusedtomakedyes,suchasthepurpledye,thebluedye,andthereddye,andtheyaresometimesstillusedthatwaytoday.Somelichens,suchasoakmoss,containoilsthatproducefragrantodorsusedinscentedsoaps,cosmeticsandperfumes.Somelichensarealsoknowntohaveantibioticpropertiestokillbacteria.(曾经有一段时间，地衣中的酸被用来制造染料，比如紫色染料、蓝色染料和红色染料，它们有时至今仍被用于制造染料。一些地衣，例如橡树苔，含有可以产生芳香气味的油，用于香皂、化妆品和香水。一些地衣也具有杀菌的抗生素特性。)”可知，人类使用地衣作为染料，香水的原料，以及作为一种药物，C选项“作为食物来源”没有提到。故选C。31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sodefinitearetheform,color,andcharacteristicsoftheseorganismsthatforhundredsofyearslichenswereconstantlyunderscientists’microscope.(这些生物的形态、颜色和特征是如此的明确，以至于几百年来，地衣一直在科学家的显微镜下。)”可知，文章最后一段主要指出几百年来，科学家一直在显微镜下观察研究地衣，由此可推知，文章接下来会讲科学家在显微镜下对地衣的发现，D项“AGermanbotanistfirstfoundlichensarecomposedoftwolifeforms.(一位德国植物学家首次发现地衣是由两种生命形式组成的。)”符合文意。故选D。DIfyouliveinWashington,D．C．,orRedwood,Calif.,youmayhaveglimpsedasmall,boxyrobotrollingalongalocalsidewalk,mindingit’sownbusiness,butattractingtheattentionofmanyacuriousonlooker.TheautonomousmachineswerepartofapilotprogramlastyearbyStarshipTechnologiesfocusedondeliveringmealsfromlocalrestaurantsindozensofcitiesaroundtheworld.“Today,morethanever,peopleleadabusyanddiverselife,”LexBayer,Starship’sCEO,saidinastatementonline.“Thehassleofneedingtorearrangeyourlifeforadeliverywillbecomeathingofthepast.Youdon’thavetoswitchyourworkingfromhomeday,reschedulemeetings,visitalocker,drivetoapostofficeorcontactadeliverymanallbecauseofamisseddelivery.”Thepackagedeliveryserviceisnotavailabletoeveryonejustyet.Thecompanysaidit’srollingouttheserviceinMiltonKeynes,England.Thewheeledrobotshaveatopspeedof4mphandcandetectobstaclesfromasfaras30feetaway.“Therobotcanoperatethroughjustaboutanything,”NickHandrick,headofoperationsforStarship’sD．C．office,toldTheWashingtonPost'sMauraJudkislastyear.“Ifyouhadsomethingintheway—astick—it’sabletoclimbtheedgesofaroad.”Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesisofferingitsserviceasawaytobattlepackagetheft.Initsannouncement,thecompanycitedstatisticsfromaWakefieldResearchPollforComcastlastyearthatfoundthat3in10Americanswholiveinhousesortownhouseshavehadpackagesstolen.Tosignupfortheservice,whichcostsalittlemorethan$10permonth,customersneedtodownloadthecompany'sapp.Customersthencreatea“StarshipDeliveryAddress,”auniqueaddressinsideaStarshipfacility,insteadofaresidence,wheretheycanhavepackagessentfromplacessuchasAmazon,com.OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextthatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobot.32．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“hassle”inparagraph2?A．failure B．expectation C．safety D．trouble33．Whatproblemisthedeliveryrobotfacing?A．Thereisalimittoitsservicearea.B．Ittakeslongertodeliverpackages.C．Itcoversashortdistanceeachtime.D．Itcan’tsensethebarriers20feetaway.34．Howdoesthepackagebyarobotavoidbeingstolen?A．Thecompanyshortensthedeliveryhour.B．Thepackageisdeliveredtothehousedirectly.C．Itsdeliverytimeisinthecontrolofcustomers.D．Thecustomersareinformedofitsdeliverytimeinadvance.35．WhatcanbeinferredaboutStarshipDeliveryAddressinthelastparagraph?A．Itisarealhomeaddressofthecustomers.B．Itcanarrangedeliveryrobotsforthecustomers.C．Itisacheapersolutiontothedeliveryofpackages.D．Itsendsthepackagesmainlytosomeshoppingplatforms.【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新科技发明——世界上第一个机器人包裹递送服务。32．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容介绍的人工投递的不便之处可知，此处指为快递而重新安排生活的麻烦将成为过去，由此可知画线词词义为“麻烦”，故D项正确。33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thepackagedeliveryserviceisnotavailabletoeveryonejustyet”可知，快递机器人面对的问题是包裹递送服务还没有提供给每一个人，也就是说它的服务范围有限，故A项正确。34．34.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesisofferingitsserviceasawaytobattlepackagetheft”可知，通过让客户控制送货时间，该公司将其服务定位为打击包裹盗窃的一种方式，故C项正确。35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextthatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobot”可知，一旦包裹被送到StarshipDeliveryAddress，客户就会收到一个文本，允许他们通过机器人安排一次家庭递送，由此可知，它能够为顾客准备好递送机器人，故B项正确。【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词后起解释说明或举例说明作用的句子是关键，例如本篇第1题，根据画线词后的“Youdon’thavetoswitchyourworkingfromhomeday,reschedulemeetings,visitalocker,drivetoapostofficeorcontactadeliverymanallbecauseofamisseddelivery.”可知，介绍人工投递的不便之处可知，你不必因而错过了送货而在家里工作、重新安排会议、去储物柜、开车去邮局或联系快递员，这些都是人工投递的不便之处，此处指为快递而重新安排生活的麻烦将成为过去的事情，由此可知画线词词义为“麻烦”。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MystudentsfrequentlyaskmehowIplannedoutmycareertobecomepresidentofFidelityInvestments.Ialwaystellthem,“Therewasnograndplan;Ibackedintomycareeronestepatatime.”Inthistougheconomyandever-changingworld,itismoreimportantthanevertosmartlyevaluateeachstepinyourcareer.Toprepareforwhateversurpriseslieahead,trytomakechoicestodaythatwillmaximizeyouroptionsinthefuture.36Gainingtransferable(可转移的)knowledgebeginswiththechoicesyoumakeatschool.Youwantyoureducationtoprovideyouwiththenecessaryskillsandexpertisetosucceedinawidevarietyofjobs.37Ifavorthosethatinvolveextensivewriting,rigorousanalysis,orquantita