备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考七省专用）（解析版）

备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考七省专用）黄金卷01（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatarethespeakersprobablytalkingabout?A．Anopera. B．Aconcert. C．Amovie.【答案】B【原文】W:Mark,doyouknowwhatisonTV?M:I’mnotsure.TheactorssinginaspecialwayandusetraditionalChinesemusicinthebackground.Theirfaceslookinterestingtoo.W:Yeah,it’squitedifferentfromWesternoperas.2．WhatisTomlikeaccordingtotheman?A．Heisashortman.B．Heisatallmanwithglasses.C．Heisprettythinwithamoustache.【答案】B【原文】M:DoyouknowTom?W:Yes.Heisamanofmediumheight.Hewearsglassesandhasamoustache.M:Butthatisn’tquitecorrect.Ithinkheisatallman.3．Whatdidthespeakersdolastnight?A．Sawafilm. B．Wentdancing. C．Hadaparty.【答案】A【原文】W:Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmwesawlastnight?M:It’sboring.Ileftbeforeitcametoanend.W:ButIthinkit’sworthseeing.4．Wherearethespeakers?A．InBritain. B．IntheUSA． C．InFrance.【答案】B【原文】W:IreadabookaboutEnglandlastweekanditissaiditisacountryoftraditionandslowchangewhereeverythinghappensslowly.M:Exactlytheopposite.WedothingsmuchfasterthanyoudohereinTexas,andeveninParis.5．Whattimedoesthesecondmoviestart?A．At9:00. B．At7:00. C．At2:00.【答案】A【原文】W:Couldyoutellmethestartingtimeforbothmovies?M:Sure.Thefirstbeginsat7,andthesecondstartsin2hours.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答6~7小题。6．Whathappenedontheman’swaytothehotel?A．Thecoachranoutofoil.B．Thecoachhadabreakdown.C．Hewaitedforonehourontheway.7．Whydidthemanwanttochangetheroom?A．Hisroomwasverydirty.B．Hisroomwasverysmall.C．Theguestsupstairswerenoisy.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】W:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?M:I’dliketomakeacomplaintaboutmyholidayinPortugallastweek.W:I’msorrytohearthat.Whatexactlywastheproblem?M:Firstofall,thecoachtakingustothehotelbrokedownandwehadtowaitforovertwohoursbeforeareplacementarrived.Thenwhenwegottothehotelwefoundouttheroomwassmallandhadn’tbeencleaned.W:Ohdear!M:Anyway,that’snotall.Thepeopleintheroomaboveussoundedliketheywerehavingall-nightparties,everynight.Idemandedanotherroombutthereceptionisttoldmethehotelwasfull.W:Idoapologise.听下面一段较长对话，回答8~9小题。8．Howdoesthemanfeelaboutgoingtotheparty?A．Worried. B．Excited. C．Surprised.9．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．TalkwithJoan.B．Avoidsayingstupidwords.C．Beginatalkwiththeweather.【答案】8．B9．C【原文】M:JoanjustinvitedmetoapartyatherhouseonFriday.W:Wow,I’msureyou’llhaveagreattime.M:Well,Idon’tknow.Idon’tknowherfriendsverywell.AndI’mnogoodatsmalltalk.WhatifIsaysomethingstupid?W:Hey,relax.Justtalkaboutsomethingyouknowthey’reinterestedin.M:That’sthecase.Idon’tknowwhatthesefriendsareinterestedin.W:Forexample,youcantalkabouttheweather.M:Youmustbejoking.Theweatherisboring.W:Inthiswayyoucanfindoutwhattheyliketodo.Onasunnyday,yousay,“Whatdoyoudoinsuchgreatweather?”M:Well,I’llgiveitatry.听下面一段较长对话，回答10~12小题。10．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Futureplans. B．Studyingatuniversity. C．Part-timejobs.11．Whatcanwemostprobablyinferfromtheconversation?A．Theman’smajoriscomputerscience.B．Themanisn’tacollegestudent.C．Themanisthewoman’sboyfriend.12．Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A．Findafull-timejob.B．Takeherparents’advice.C．Findsometimetoearnmoremoney.【答案】10．A11．B12．B【原文】W:Ican’tdecidewhethertogotouniversityorgetajob.Whatdoyouthink?M:Well,ifIwereyou,I’dgoonstudying.W:ButIdon’tevenknowwhattostudy.M:IfIhadthechanceagain,I’dstudycomputers.You’regoodatsciencesubjects.W:That’swhatmyparentswantmetodo.M:Youshouldtaketheiradvice.Theyknowthat’sthebestforyou.W:ButmyfriendswillhavejobsandlotsoffunwhileIspendallmytimestudying.M:Butifyougotouniversity,you’llstillhavetimeforfun.W:Um,whatyousaymakessense.But,youknow,IstillhavetoaskmyparentsforpocketmoneyandIhatetodosoatthisage.M:Ifyoutrytofindapart-timejob,youwillhavesomemoney,too.W:You’reright.Thankyoufortheadvice.听下面一段较长对话，回答13~16小题。13．Whendoesthemanneedtohandinhisapplication?A．Assoonasthetermstarts.B．Intwomonthsafterthetermstarts.C．Intwomonthsbeforethetermstarts.14．WhatcanstudentsuseI-20toapplyfor?A．Ascholarship. B．Avisa. C．Abankloan.15．Howcanthemanapplyfortheprogram?A．Byfillingintheapplicationonline.B．Bygoingtothecenter.C．Bycallingthecenter.16．Whatshouldthemansendtothecenter?A．Hisgrades.B．Asponsorshipform.C．Informationabouthisbackground.【答案】13．C14．B15．A16．B【原文】W:EnglishLanguageCenter.HowcanIhelpyou?M:I’mcallingtofindoutmoreinformationaboutyourprogram.Whatisyourapplicationdeadlineforthenextsemester?W:Well,weaskapplicantstoapplynolaterthantwomonthsbeforethesemesterbegins.Thisgivesusenoughtimetoprocesstheapplicationsandissuethestudents’I-20.M:I-20?W:Itisaformthatindicatesthatwearegivingpermissionforthestudentstostudyinourprogram.ThenthestudentstakethisformtotheUSEmbassytoapplyfortheF-1studentvisa.M:HowshouldIapply?W:Youcanfillinourapplicationonourwebsite.M:ArethereanyothermaterialsIneedtoprepare?W:Yes.Youneedtosendina$30non-refundableapplicationfee,asponsorshipformindicatingwhowillbefinanciallyresponsibleforthestudentwhilestudyinginourprogram,andabankstatementshowingthatyouoryoursponsorhasenoughfundstocoverschoolfeesandlivingcostsfortheentireyearofstudy.听下面一段独白，回答17~20小题。17．Whydidtheladywantthepianisttosing?A．Shewastiredoflisteningtothepiano.B．Sheknewhecouldsingwell.C．Shewantedtomakehimfamous.18．Whendidthepianistknowhehadatalentforsinging?A．Afterhebecameafamouspianist.B．Longbeforeheplayedthepianointhebar.C．Thatnightafterhisfirstsinging.19．Whathappenedtothepianistatlast?A．Hebecameawell-knownsingerinAmerica.B．Hecontinuedtoplaythepianointhebar.C．Hehadhisownpianobar.20．Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorofthepassageagreeon?A．Peoplewillsucceediftheyhavetalent.B．Fewpeoplehaverealtalent.C．Everyoneshouldmakefulluseofhistalent.【答案】17．A18．C19．A20．C【原文】Oncetherewasapianistinabar.Peoplecamejusttohearhimplay.Butonenight,aladywastiredoflisteningtothepianoandaskedhimtosingasong.Sohedid.Hehadneversunginpublicbefore.Nowhewassingingfortheveryfirsttime!Nobodyhadexpectedhecouldsingsobeautifully!Allthepeoplepresenthadagoodtimeandthepianistwasalsoveryhappybecausehefoundthathecouldsingwell.Hemayhavelivedtherestofhislifeasano-namepianistinano-namebar.Nowhefound,byaccident,hisabilitytosing,sohewentonworkinghardonsinging.Later,thepianistbecameoneofthebest-knownsingersintheUS.HisnamewasNatKingCole.You,too,haveskillsandabilitiesthatyouhaven’tfound.Youmaynotfeelthatyourtalentisgreat,butitmaybebetterthanyouthink.Withhardwork,mostskillscanbeimproved.Besides,youmayhavenosuccessatallifyoudonothingaboutyourtalent.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）TEANiscommittedtogivingstudentsaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunitytoexperiencestudyingabroadinanewandexcitingculture.Werecognizethatinmanyinstancesadditionalfundingisnecessarytomakethestudyabroadexperiencebothaffordableandrealistic.Thesescholarshipswerecreatedasanattempttohelpstudentswiththefinancialcommitmentsrequiredforaninternationaleducationexperience.TEANprovidesnumerousscholarships,includinganannualfullridescholarship,need-andmerit-basedscholarships,diversityscholarships,evenaphotographyscholarship,plusothers.TEANFULLRIDESCHOLARSHIPTheEducationAbroadNetworkFullRideScholarshipisdesignedtogiveastand-outstudenttheopportunitytostudyabroad.ThescholarshipcanbeusedforanySummerorFallTEANprogramandcoverstuition,programfees,orientationandhousing.REQUIREMENTS●StudentsmusthavetheirstudyabroadofficecompletetheStatementfromUniversityforminordertobeconsideredforthescholarship.●MustmeetGPA(GradePointAverage)requirementfortheindividualprogramthattheywanttoattend.●MustbeauniversitystudentintheUnitedStates.●Studentscanonlyapplyforthescholarshiponceperapplicationcycle;applicantsshouldselecttheirtopprogramchoicewhenapplyingforthescholarship.●Scholarshipapplicationsreceivedafterthedeadlinewillnotbeconsidered.SELECTIONCRITERIA●Willbebasedontheoverallapplicationmaterials,includingapersonalessayaddressingthefollowingquestion:“Whyhaveyouselectedthisprogram?Howisittiedtoyourmajor?”●ApplicationswillbejudgedbyapanelofTEANstaffmembers.●Assessmentwillbebasedonthefollowing:excellenceinacademics,activeparticipationinextra-curricularactivities,achievementinleadershipskills,awarenessofthevalueofinternationaleducationandthepersonalessay.●Nointerviewrequired.APPLICATIONDEADLINEJune1,202321．WhatcanTEANhelpstudentsdo?A．Travelabroad. B．Experienceoverseaseducation.C．Savemoneyforthefuture. D．Understandpopularforeignculture.22．WhatdoesastudenthavetodotogettheTEANFullRideScholarship?A．BeinganAmericancitizen. B．FillingtheStatementfromUniversityform.C．Submittinganapplicationtwiceinonecycle. D．TurninginanapplicationbyJune1,2023.23．Whichapplicantismorelikelytogetthefullridescholarship?A．Theoneperformingwellacademically.B．Theonedoingexcellentlyintheinterview.C．Theonechoosingaprogramunrelatedtohismajor.D．Theoneobtaininganoutstandingrecommendationessay.【答案】21．B22．D23．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了TEAN奖学金的详细信息。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TEANiscommittedtogivingstudentsaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunitytoexperiencestudyingabroadinanewandexcitingculture.(TEAN致力于为学生提供一个千载难逢的机会，让他们在一个全新的、令人兴奋的文化中体验出国留学)”可知，TEAN可以帮助学生体验海外教育。故选B。细节理解题。根据APPLICATIONDEADLINE部分中“June1,2023”可知，申请截止日期为2023年6月1日，所以要获得TEAN全额奖学金，学生必须在2023年6月1日前提交申请。故选D。23．细节理解题。根据文章SELECTIONCRITERIA部分中第三点“Assessmentwillbebasedonthefollowing:excellenceinacademics,activeparticipationinextra-curricularactivities,achievementinleadershipskills,awarenessofthevalueofinternationaleducationandthepersonalessay.(评估将基于以下方面：学术成绩优秀、积极参与课外活动、领导能力方面的成就、对国际教育价值的认识以及个人论文)”可知，在学业上表现很好的申请人更有可能获得全额奖学金。故选A。B（2023重庆巴南·高三重庆市实验中学校考期中）In1931,AmericansweresufferingthroughtheGreatDepression.ItwasTheGoodEarthbyPearlBuckthatbroughtcomfort,thetop-sellingbookthatyear.Bornintoareligiousworkers’familyin1892,PearlBucklefttheUnitedStatesandmovedtoChinawithherparents.HereducationbeganathomewithhermotherteachingherAmericanschoolthingswhileaChinesetutortaughtherothersubjects,includingwritingsofConfucius.In1910,shewentbacktoAmericatostudyphilosophy.Aftergraduation,shereturnedtoChinaandmarriedJohnLossingBuck,anagricultureexpert,eventuallysettlingdowninasmallvillageinthenorthofChina.HaditnotbeenfortheirfirstchildCarol,whohadanunusualdiseasecausinghertohavetroublelearning,PearlBuckmightneverhavebecomeafamouswriter.Thereasonwasmoney.Sheneededittopayforherdaughter’scare.SherecalledwhyshechoseChinaanditspeopleasthesubjects,“Ifnoneofyouwanttowritethesewonderfulfarmers.Iwillwriteaboutthem.So,IwroteTheGoodEarth.”TheGoodEarthtellsthestoryofapoorChinesemannamedWangLungandhiswifeO-Lan.Itrecountshowtheyworkhardandfinallymakeenoughmoneytopurchasesomelandforafarm.Theysticktothelandevenintimesofstarvation,themselvesbeggingonthestreets.Experiencingupsanddowns,Wangfindshappinessinowninglandandraisingcrops.Heevenforbidshissonstosellthelandafterhisdeath.PearlBucktoldherChinastorieswithhonestyandAmericanswereimpressedbythenewimagesoftheChinesetotallydifferentfromthoseinHollywoodmovies.ThebookearnedPearlBuckthePulitzerPrizeandwaslateradaptedintoanOscar-winningmovie.In1938,shebecamethefirstAmericanwomantobeawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.24．HowdidPearlBuckbenefitfromhereducation?A．Shethoughtthebesteducationlayinhome.B．Shehighlyappreciatededucationinthecountryside.C．ShepreferredChineseeducationtoWesterneducation.D．Shegainedalotfromacombinationofdifferentstylesofeducation.25．WhydidPearlBuckdecidetowritebooks?A．SomeChineseadvisedhertodoit. B．Shewasindesperateneedofmoney.C．Shecouldn’tbeartheboringrurallife. D．Shedesiredagoodeducationforherkid.26．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Goodfortunealwaysfavorsthecharacters.B．OwninglandisthelifelineforChinesefarmers.C．Chinesefarmersleadaterriblymiserablelife.D．Thecharactersmakeafortunebybuyingandsellingland.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThemoralvaluesofTheGoodEarth.B．ThefightingspiritofChinesefarmers.C．Awomanwriter’ssacrificetosaveherillchild.D．Awoman’sgreatChina-themedliteraryachievements.【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国作家赛珍珠的个人经历、著作《大地》以及取得的成就。24.细节理解题。根据第二段“HereducationbeganathomewithhermotherteachingherAmericanschoolthingswhileaChinesetutortaughtherothersubjects,includingwritingsofConfucius.(她的教育是从家里开始的，母亲教她美国学校的东西，而一位中国家庭教师教她其他科目，包括孔子的著作)”可知，赛珍珠从不同教育方式的结合中学到了很多。故选D。25．细节理解题。根据第三段“HaditnotbeenfortheirfirstchildCarol,whohadanunusualdiseasecausinghertohavetroublelearning,PearlBuckmightneverhavebecomeafamouswriter.Thereasonwasmoney.(如果不是他们的第一个孩子卡罗尔患有一种罕见的疾病，导致她在学习上有困难，赛珍珠可能永远不会成为一个著名的作家。原因是钱)”可知，赛珍珠决定写书是因为她急需钱。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据第四段“Itrecountshowtheyworkhardandfinallymakeenoughmoneytopurchasesomelandforafarm.Theysticktothelandevenintimesofstarvation,themselvesbeggingonthestreets.Experiencingupsanddowns,Wangfindshappinessinowninglandandraisingcrops.Heevenforbidshissonstosellthelandafterhisdeath.(它讲述了他们如何努力工作，最终赚到足够的钱来购买一些土地作为农场。即使在饥饿的时候，他们也坚守在土地上，自己在街上乞讨。经历了起起落落，王在拥有土地和种植庄稼中找到了幸福。他甚至禁止他的儿子在他死后卖掉土地)”可推知，拥有土地是中国农民的生命线。故选B。27．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“PearlBucktoldherChinastorieswithhonestyandAmericanswereimpressedbythenewimagesoftheChinesetotallydifferentfromthoseinHollywoodmovies.ThebookearnedPearlBuckthePulitzerPrizeandwaslateradaptedintoanOscar-winningmovie.In1938,shebecamethefirstAmericanwomantobeawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.(赛珍珠诚实地讲述了她的中国故事，美国人被完全不同于好莱坞电影中的中国人的新形象所打动。这本书为赛珍珠赢得了普利策奖，后来被改编成奥斯卡获奖电影。1938年，她成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性)”结合文章主要讲述了美国作家赛珍珠的个人经历、著作《大地》以及取得的成就。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一位女性伟大的中国主题文学成就。故选D。C（2023·广东东莞·东莞实验中学校考一模）ChatGenerativePre-trainedTransformer(ChatGPT),createdbyopenAI,anAIandresearchcompany,isanaturallanguageprocessingtooldrivenbyAItechnologythatallowsyoutohavehuman-likeconversationsandmuchmorewithachatbot.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestions,andassistyouwithtaskssuchascomposingemails,essaysandcode.ChatGPTispoweredbyalargelanguagemodel,orLLM,meaningit’sprogrammedtounderstandhumanlanguageandgenerateresponsesbasedonalargeamountofdata.WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressiveisitsabilitytologcontextfromuser’searliermessagesinathreadanduseittoformresponseslaterintheconversation.AccordingtoanalysisbySwissbankUBS,ChatGPTisthefastestgrowingupappofalltime.InJanuary,onlytwomonthsafteritslaunch,UBSanalysisestimatesthatChatGPThad100millionactiveusers.Forcomparison,ittookninemonthsforTikToktoreach100million.Despitelookingveryimpressive,ChatGPTstillhaslimitations.Insteadofaskingforclarificationonambiguousquestions,themodeljusttakesaguessatwhatyourquestionmeans.“TheprimaryproblemisthattheanswersthatChatGPTproduceshaveahighrateofbeingincorrect,”saysStackOverflowmoderatorsinapost.Criticsarguethatthesetoolsarejustverygoodatputtingwordsintoanorderthatmakessensefromastatisticalpintofview,buttheycannotunderstandthemeaningorknowwhetherthestatementsitmakesarecorrect.AnothermajorlimitationisthatChatGPT’sdataislimitedto2021.ChatGPTisanadvancedchatbotthathasthepotentialtomakepeople’sliveseasierandtoassistwitheverydaytiringtasks,suchaswritinganemailorhavingtonavigatethewebforanswers.However,therearecertaintechnicaldetailsthathavetobefiguredoutbeforeit’swidelyused,topreventnegativeoutcomessuchasthespreadofmisinformation.Ingeneral,thisAImodelreliesonlotsoftrainingandfine-tuningtoreachalevelofidealperformance.28．WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPTfromthefirstparagraph?A．Whatitspotentialmarketis. B．Itisdevelopedjointlybytwocompanies.C．Whyitenjoysgreatpopularity. D．ItisaconversationalAItool.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A．Context. B．ChatGPT’sability. C．Athread. D．LLM.30．WhatisalimitationofChatGPT?A．Lowefficiency. B．Disorderedwords.C．Pooraccuracy. D．Frequentcrashes.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoChatGPT?A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Satisfied.【答案】28．D29．A30．C31．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的概念，发展，局限以及未来。细节理解题。根据第一段“ChatGenerativePre-trainedTransformer(ChatGPT),createdbyopenAI,anAIandresearchcompany,isanaturallanguageprocessingtooldrivenbyAItechnologythatallowsyoutohavehuman-likeconversationsandmuchmorewithachatbot.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestions,andassistyouwithtaskssuchascomposingemails,essaysandcode.(聊天生成型预训练转换器是由人工智能和研究公司openAI开发的，是一种由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，可以让你与会话机器人进行类似人类的对话，甚至更多。语言模型可以回答问题，并帮助你完成诸如编写电子邮件、论文和代码等任务。)”可知，ChatGPT是一个对话式的人工智能工具。故选D项。词句猜测题。划线词句前文“WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressiveisitsabilitytologcontextfromuser’searliermessagesinathread(使ChatGPT如此令人印象深刻的是它能够记录用户在线程中的早期消息的语境)”说明ChatGPT可以记录用户在线程中的早期消息的上下文，从而推知划线词句“anduseittoformresponseslaterintheconversation.(在稍后的对话中使用它来做出回复。)”其中划线词应为“语境”的意思。故选A项。细节理解题。根据第四段中“TheprimaryproblemisthattheanswersthatChatGPTproduceshaveahighrateofbeingincorrect(主要问题是ChatGPT生成的答案错误率很高)”可知，ChatGPT的局限是精确性较差。故选C项。31．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“ChatGPTisanadvancedchatbotthathasthepotentialtomakepeople’sliveseasierandtoassistwitheverydaytiringtasks,suchaswritinganemailorhavingtonavigatethewebforanswers.However,therearecertaintechnicaldetailsthathavetobefiguredoutbeforeit’swidelyused,topreventnegativeoutcomessuchasthespreadofmisinformation.(ChatGPT是一款先进的会话机器人，它有可能使人们的生活更轻松，并帮助人们完成日常繁重的任务，比如写电子邮件或浏览网页寻找答案。然而，在广泛使用之前，必须弄清楚某些技术细节，以防止诸如错误信息传播等负面后果。)”可知，作者既介绍了ChatGPT的优点，强大的功能赋予它减轻人们日常繁重任务的潜力，也指出了它的局限性，它提供的答案准确性有限且基于的数据不是最新的。由此推知，作者对ChatGPT持客观的态度。故选B项。D（2023·河北邢台·高三邢台一中校考阶段练习）ManyAmericansharborafalseandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,pointsoutthatifthedangersfrombacteriallypollutedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Hesays:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfarworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplearesubjecttothesmallamountsofpollutantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,enhanceitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolessriskyalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.32．WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans’viewoftheirfood?A．Theyoverstatethegovernment’sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.B．Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.C．Theyoverestimatetheriskofthefoodtheyeat.D．Theyoverlookthepotentialdangercausedbythefood.33．Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecause______.A．nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment.B．pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture.C．manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals.D．almostallfoodshavehazardousadditives.34．WhatisimpliedinwhatBruceAmessays?A．Plantsproducecertainchemicalstoresistpestsanddiseases.B．Plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth.C．Farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants.D．Farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases.35．Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?A．Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemoredangerousthanbeforeduetoadditives.B．Sweepingmeasuresmustbetakenimmediatelytoensuresafetyinfoodindustry.C．Healthyfoodisadistantdreaminthemodernsociety,remainingtoberealized.D．Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.【答案】32．C33．C34．A35．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明对于食物安全美国民众虽然不用感到害怕，但也需要保持谨慎。32.细节理解题。根据第一段的“ManyAmericansharborafalseandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.(许多美国人对食品的大部分风险抱有错误和夸大的看法)”可知，作者认为大多数美国人高估了所吃食物的风险。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据第二段的“BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.(加州大学伯克利分校生物化学系主任布鲁斯·艾姆斯指出，植物重量的10%是由天然杀虫剂构成的)”可知，作者认为不可能获得没有危险性的食物是因为实验证明许多蔬菜含有危险的天然化学物质。故选C。34．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hesays:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”(他说:“因为植物没有颚和牙齿来保护自己，所以它们使用化学战。”)”可知，BruceAmes的话表明植产生某些有毒的化学物制是为了抵御害虫和疾病等。故选A。35．推理判断题。根据第一段的“ManyAmericansharborafalseandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.(许多美国人对食品的大部分风险抱有错误和夸大的看法)”，和倒数第二段的“WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.(虽然美国人没有理由害怕坐在餐桌前，但他们有充分的理由要求在食品和水安全方面取得重大进展)”，以及最后一段的“Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,enhanceitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.(为了使优质的食品和水供应变得更好，政府需要收紧监管标准，加强检查计划，加强执法政策)”推知，作者认为对于食物安全美国民众虽然不用感到害怕，但也需要保持谨慎，并呼吁政府收紧监管标准、加强检查计划、加强执法政策。故选D。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023·山东·高三校联考阶段练习）Inordertosurviveintheworldwithchallenges,weneedtobewise.36Letmetellyouthis,wisdomprovidesuswithperspectivewhenweneeditanditcalmsusdowninterriblesituations.Herearesomestrategiesthatwecanusetogetwiser.37Thiswillopenupnewpathwaysforus.Neverbaseyourperspectiveonthemostpopularopinionorwhichisthemostcomfortableforyou.Trainyourmindtobeajudgment-freespaceforideas.Ifyouarehumble,thenyouwillalwaysgettoexperiencesomethingnew.Youmustbethekindofpersonwholearnssomethingneweveryday.Takenewclasses,readbooksandthelistgoesonandon.38Alloftheseactivitieswillhelpyoutotackleproblemsfromdifferentangles,makingeverythingeasier.Youobviouslywanttogrowanddobetterinlife,right?Thebestwayistohavewisepeopleasyourmentors(导师),liketeachers,colleaguesandevenspecialfriends.Priortomakingthemamentor,findoutwhatmakesthemwiser,thenengageinusefuldialoguewiththem.39Ifyouhaveaccumulatedalotofknowledge,thenwhynotshareitwithotherstoo?40Intoday’sworld,itisveryeasytobecomewisebutitisn’teasytohelpothers.Sokeepthingsbalancedandneverletgoofyourpassionsandvalues.Thiswillpavethepathtosuccess.A．Whydowecommunicatewithwisepeople?B．Whyiswisdomcrucialinthismodernworld?C．Changeyourroutineandseewherelifetakesyou.D．SurftheInternetandclearoutyourproblemsthatconfuseyou.E．Sometimesweourselvesneedtobeopentodiverseperspectives.F．Themoretimeisspentwiththem,themoretransferofknowledgetherewillbe.G．Communicatingwithothersandhelpingthemoutwillalsoincreaseyourwisdom.【答案】36．B37．E38．D39．F40．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何获得人生智慧给出了建议，帮助读者更好地面对充满挑战的世界以及生活中的困境。根据空前的“Inordertosurviveintheworldwithchallenges,weneedtobewise.(为了在这个充满挑战的世界上生存，我们需要变得聪明)”以及后文“Letmetellyouthis,wisdomprovidesuswithperspectivewhenweneeditanditcalmsusdowninterriblesituations.(让我告诉你，当我们需要的时候，智慧会给我们提供视角，在糟糕的情况下，智慧会让我们冷静下来)”可知，智慧对每个人来说都是十分重要的，所以