2024年高一英语人教版2019语法过关练之定语从句（原卷版）

2024年高一英语人教版2019语法过关练之定语从句目录01、定语从句知识概况02、定语从句英译中技巧03、20道单项选择——定语从句基础训练04、15道中译英句子表达——定语从句巩固提升05、5篇语法填空01.定语从句知识概况I.定语从句概述定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人或物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that与which,who,whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as、which和that的区别从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同类事物thesame...that指原物That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.（同类工具，不是同一把）That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用过的工具。注意：theway做先行词时，定语从句可由that,inwhich引导或不用引导词。例句：Canyoutellmethewaythatyoucelebratethefestival?Canyoutellmethewayinwhichyoucelebratethefestival?Canyoutellmethewayyoucelebratethefestival?02.定语从句英译中技巧英语中，定语从句分成限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。从结构上分析，常见的定语从句翻译方法：前置法把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。1、Thepictureremindedusofthesoldierswho/that(had)rescuedtheinjured(people).这张照片使我们想起了救助伤者的士兵们。Thehotelthatwestayedatduringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.我们假期住过的酒店坐落在海边。Volunteersdeliveredfoodandothersuppliestopeoplewho/thatweretrappedinthevillage.志愿者给困在村子里的人送去了食物和其他补给品。分译法分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法，主要用于较长的非限制性定语从句。1、TheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalsinChina,whichalwaysremindsusofthefamilyreunion.春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，它总是让我们想到家庭团聚。2、IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance,whichcanhelpyoubetterunderstandthepoemstobelearned.我建议你提前了解一些唐朝的历史,这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗。3、Inaddition,youwillhaveachancetolearnhowtomakedumplings,whichisatypicalChinesecustom,whereIbelieveyouaresuretohavegreatfun.还有，你们将有机会学习如何包饺子，这是中国典型的习俗，我相信你们一定会从中感受到快乐。03.定语从句基础训练一、单项选择1．HemustbefromAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.A．that B．which C．it D．what2．Wealsoloseheatbytransportingthebloodtothesurfaceoftheskin________itcanloseheatoutintotheexternalenvironment.A．when B．so C．where D．unless3．Hehasforgottentheday________hearrived.A．when B．where C．that D．which4．Shehadreachedaposition______shewasforcedtochoosebetweenhercareerandherfamily.A．that B．which C．when D．where5．I’mverygratefultotheboy________brightsmilegavemesomuchconfidence.A．whose B．which C．where D．when6．Accordingtosomeexperts,the24solartermswereusedforthefirsttimeinbooksduringtheWesternHanDynasty,__________theStartofSpringwassetastheSpringFestival.A．where B．when C．that D．which7．Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A．which B．who C．where D．when8．Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateacosyworkplace________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.A．which B．that C．where D．when9．Afterthesevereearthquakebrokeout,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,________urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A．which B．who C．where D．whom10．ItisontheSpringFestivalEve,________everyoneiscelebratingtheChinesenewyear,________Senior3studentsinChinacantakearestfromtheirstudy.A．when;that B．that;when C．which;that D．where;which11．Heuseddonatedfundsandhisownmoneytopaythe50poundsperchild________theBritishgovernmentrequired.A．who B．what C．whose D．which12．Finningisatypeoffishing________sharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff.A．whose B．that C．where D．when13．Thetown________westayedinlastmonthistheone________thefamouspainterwasborn.A．where;that B．which;that C．which;where D．where;which14．Somepeoplewearmasksonlyincrowds,________theyexpecttocomeintocontactwithlotsofgerms.A．where B．when C．evenif D．asif15．Trytoavoidsuchthings_____willdoharmtoyourreputation,unlessyoudon’tcareabouttherumorsfromalldirections.A．as B．that C．whatever D．whether16．Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A．that B．who C．fromwhom D．towhom17．TheTerracottaArmy,______wasdiscoveredin1974,isconsideredoneofthegreatestarchaeologicalsitesintheworld.A．where B．which C．that D．whose18．I’vereadeverything________yougaveme.A．which B．that C．inwhich D．what19．Johninvitedabout40peopletohisweddingceremony,______madehisfamilymembersexcited.A．where B．them C．which D．whom20．Duringthosetimes,musiccanhelpyouinthesameway________ithelpedme.A．where B．when C．inwhich D．what04.定语从句巩固提升二、句子翻译1．学生们能够获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习有益处。2．我决定去一个说法语的国家。3．我要告诉你我今年夏天参加的一个很有趣的项目。4．David将去往华盛顿大学，在那儿他将一边学习商科一边继续打棒球。它们（唐人街）让从未去过中国的游客能够亲身体验中国传统文化。很多学生高度评价这个志愿者活动，他们从中受益匪浅。当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日，这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现。8．她参加了志愿者团队，在那里很快就熟悉了当地的风俗与文化。9．不可否认，发生在地震灾区的故事很值得报道。10．这里气候温和，使青岛成为一个适宜居住的地方。11．她正是我们一直在找的那个人。12．你应该做的第一件事就是阅读说明书。13．我们谈论了最让我们感兴趣的人和事。14．我们很欣赏唐朝诗人们创造的精彩诗歌。15．任何有兴趣与我们一起工作的人请在网上填写表格。05.语法选择三、语法选择1、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TaylorSwiftisendingheryearwithanotherhonor.Thepopsuperstar1(name)Timemagazine’s2023“PersonoftheYear,”2(beat)outBarbieandKingCharlesIII.“Whileherpopularity3(grow)acrossthedecades,thisisthefirstyear4Swift,33,achievedakindofnuclearfusion(核聚变):shootingartandcommercetogether5(release)anenergyofhistoricforce,”themagazinesaid.TimesaidSwiftwasselected6shefoundawaytogivepeoplearoundtheworldhopeinsomeseriouslydarktimes.“Nooneelse7theplanettodaycanmovesomanypeoplesowell,”Timesaidinitsprofile,“8givingtoomuchcreditto9starignoresherskillandherpower.”ThemagazinealsointerviewedSwift,withtheartistrevealingthat“thisistheproudestandhappiestI’veeverfelt,andthemost10(creative)fulfilledandfreeI’veeverbeen.”2、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thelatesttechnologicaladvancementcenteringontheconversationatwork,atschool,andsometimesevenathome,largelydue11theemergenceofchat-botssuchasChatGPTandBard,12(be)ArtificialIntelligence.ThesenewconversationalplatformsuseArtificialIntelligence(AI)tohelpusersfindinstantanswers,get13(create),andlearnnewthings.Theycanchatwithyouandprovideresponsesthatcanhelpyoudothings.WhilemostoftheInternetagreesit’snotasgoodasahumanatperformingmanytasks,thedebatecontinuesasto14AIhasthepowertoreplacecertainjobs,orevenspelltheendofhumankind.Ofcourse,itbringsundoubtedbenefits,15(depend)onhowyouuseit.16(give)it’softendescribedinsciencefictionfilmsandnovelsasaworld-endingtechnologythatresultsinkillerrobots,thecurrent17(real)islessdramatic.AIisdefinedasatypeofcomputertechnologythatisconcernedwithmakingmachinesworkinanintelligentmanner,similartohowthehumanmindworks.18(actual)itmeanswecan‘train’computerstolearn,respondandmakedecisions,butitstillrequirestheability19(learn)fromhumanstogetanywhereneargoodenough.WhileAIisahottopicrightnow,theideahasexistedfordecades.Thelatestchat-botsareaformofArtificialIntelligence20cananalysehugeamountsofdataandgenerateresponses,thoughtheyneedalittlereminder.3、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Emojisarewidelyusedinourdailylivesandhavebecome21importantwayofcommunication.Thefirstemojiswerecreatedin1999byJapanesedesignerShigetakaKurita,22workedonamobileInternetplatform23(call)i-mode.Kuritaattemptedtodevelopasimplewayforpeople24(express)emotionsinshorttextmessages.Asemojisgained25(popular),theyfacedasignificanttechnicalhurdle(障碍):earlyemojiscouldnot26(send)acrossdifferentmobileplatforms,sincetherewasnostandardizedencoding(编码).Thisissuewasresolvedin2010bytheUnicodeConsortium,anorganizationresponsible27maintainingastandardizedencodingoftextandsymbolsacrossplatforms.Thisallowedforcross-platformcommunicationandcontinuedexpansioninemojiusageworldwide.Given28(they)originsinJapan,manyearlyemojicharacterswerereflectiveofJapaneseculture.Asthey’vespread29(global),newcharactershavebeenaddedtoaccountforculturaldifferencesandprovideamoreuniversalmeansofcommunication.Usersmustalsoconsiderculturalsensitivitieswhen30(communicate)viaemojis,ascertainsymbolscanhavehugelydifferentmeaningsacrossdifferentcultures.4、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将本题的答案写在答题卡上Aftergraduatingin1953,YuanLongpingworkedasaresearcher.Herealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneeded31(boost)yieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasa32(challenge)questionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercould33(find)inthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridis34crossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventional35(crop).However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasrice36(be)amatterofgreatdebate.Thecommon37(assume)thenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.38intenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustech