2024年高考英语复习 阅读理解之说明文（解析版）

阅读理解之说明文

2023年高考真题

【2023・新高考I卷】

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks

andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideifsrightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigital

minimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasingly

intolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,

youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'll

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llhear

theseparticipants?storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培养）asustainable

digitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthe

necessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Each

chapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.

Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyour

particularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

【答案】8.B9.A10.Cll.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。

8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,including

adetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophy

ifyoudecideifsrightforyou.（这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有

效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学）”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。

故选B。

9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfor

thirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonline

activitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.（这个过程要求你在30天内

远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精

心挑选的在线活动）”可推知，画线词“dechitter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。

10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段"Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Filguideyouthroughcarryingoutyour

owndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso.I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600people

agreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这

样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推

知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。

推理判断题。通过文章最后一段"Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortsto

buildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可以将这些实践视为一个工具

箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际

情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。

【2023,新高考II卷】

ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject——thebook,representedhereinalmost

threehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inart

madelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists5representationsofbooksandreading,we

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seemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnections

betweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookas

afocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描绘）aloneinmanysettingsandposes

一absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpainted

hundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect（才智），wealthorfaithof

thesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheir

ownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastheraw

materialforartworks-transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpage

outdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasany

battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepages

parted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasingly

networkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechance

ofawhollyprivate,“offline“activity.

8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.

C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodempaintings.

9.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?

A.Wealthandintellect.B.Homeandschool.

C.Booksandreading.D.Workandleisure.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto“inparagraph2mean?

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?

A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.

B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.

C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.

D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.

【答案】8.B9.CIO.All.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。

8.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofan

everydayobject-thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundthe

world.（Read加gA欣A"/hrBooALovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地

博物馆的近三百件艺术品）”以及倒数第二段aBeforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,bookswere

treasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.（在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，

它们本身就可以成为艺术品）”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。

9.细节理解题。通过文章第二段aartworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizesthese

connectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeorat

school,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.（艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同

时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”

可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。

10.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文wartworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizesthese

connectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeorat

school,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.（艺术品的选择和排歹ij方式强调了不同

时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”

以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments（这些场景可能

是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻）”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，

故与画线短语“relateto”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到“。故选A。

11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段"itremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader（它仍然像任

何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性）”以及"printedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,

“off-line”activity（印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会）”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅

读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。

2021-2022年高考真题

【2022・新高考I卷】

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

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wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomes

havereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.^^

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.^^

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

""Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.9,

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.

B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.

D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.

B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.

D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon“meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.

C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案】28D29.B30.C31.A

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。

28.Do推理声!］断题。根据文章第二段"Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeopleswellbeing（该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善

老年人的健康状况）”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。

29.Bo推理判断题。根据文章第五段""It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheir

childrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreative

activities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.w（有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带

进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好）”可推

知，RuthXavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。

30.Co词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民们非常

欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣）”以及划线处前的“one

ofthefirst（第一批人之一）”可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin

（开始）”含义相近。故选C。

31.Ao推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段aResidentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民们非常

欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣）”以及最后一段“Lynn

Lewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreally

helpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.w（"诺丁山路径”的负责人林

恩•刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起

来）”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。

【2022・新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalf

theworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'

and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

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DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐）,makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschanged

toanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowto

besolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguages

aftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'and"V9increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.These

soundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,,5saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。

32.Do细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthat

speechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andHvn,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocieties

thatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,

Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，学者CharlesHockett注意到，被称为

唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamianBlasi

领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因可知DamianBlasi的研究重点是在语言的演

变上。故选D。

33.Co细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancient

humanadultswerealigned9makingithardtoproducelabiodentals9whichareformedbytouchingthe

lowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇

接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古

代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选Co

34.Ao主旨大意题。根据第五段中的aAnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasa

globalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v”

increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguages

ofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发

音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集

者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。

35.Co推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremained

stablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefind

todayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution/9said

StevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员StevenMoran说：”自从人类出现以来，我

们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产

物。"）”可知，StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。

【2022・新高考II卷】

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetried

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awiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心、）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

“Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoan

oldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhad

justtexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

nWeneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,9,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthe

state's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,npeoplearegoingtobe

moreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.

【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.B

【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一

名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。

28.Ao推理判断题。根据第一段中wOverthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,

andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheir

phoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.w（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动

也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustabout

anymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.w（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可

知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各

种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。

29.Bo细节理解题o根据倒数第二段中"Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,

emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.n（这项技术可

以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer

能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B选项意为“是否司机使

用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。

30.Do词义猜测题。根据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.n（我

们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“Ifthe

Textalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”

（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是

当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something

指代的是法律。故选D。

31.Bo主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说

服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedriving

more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的

是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是

否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们

的行为。故B选项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控

器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。

2023年名校模拟题

【2023届山东省威海市高三5月高考模拟】

C

第10页，共30页

YoungandoldalikecanbecrazyaboutanewfindingbyresearchersatOhioStateUniversityandthe

UniversityofChicago.Thereishopeforusallwhenitcomestocreativity,theysay.

Accordingtothestudy,whichfocusedonthe31mostnotableNobelPrizewinnersineconomics,therearetwo

typesofcreativitythatcanblossomatdifferentpointsinaperson'slife.Conceptualinnovatorstendtodotheirbest

workintheirmid-twenties,whileexperimentalinnovatorspeakintheirfifties.

Theyexplaininthepaperthatthereareconceptualthinkers,whoseektocommunicatespecificideasor

emotionsandhaveprecisegoalsfortheirworks,planningthemcarefullyinadvance,andcarryingthemout

systematically.PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinbothdidtheirgreatestworkinyouth.However,experimental

innovatorsbuildontheirknowledgeandaccepttheoriesthroughouttheircareersandultimatelyfindnewand

innovativewaystoanalyzethatknowledge.Thesethinkerstendtodotheirbestworklaterinlife.Thepapercites

VirginiaWoolfandCharlesDarwinaslatebloomers.

Thestudystates,"Manyscholarsbelievethatcreativityisonlyassociatedwithyouth.Two54-year-old

Harvardscholarsweredeniedoffersoftenuredprofessorships（终身教授）duetoconcernsoftheso-calledproblem

ofyextinctvolcanoes.9,

Theirfindingssuggestthatthiskindofbiased（有偏见的）thinkingleadstobaddecisions.Itignoresthefact

thattherearedifferenttypesofinnovatorsandthatdifferentproblemsdemanddifferentkindsofcontributionsand

solutions.Theyhopetheirworkwillgraduallyremovetheworld'sfavoritismforprecociousgeniuses（早熟的天才）

anditsignoranceofthecreativitythatcomeswithage.Weinberg,theco-authorofthestudy,said,“Webelievewhat

wefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally.^^

8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlined“blossom”?

A.Fullydevelop.B.Suddenlychange.

C.Graduallyfade.D.Repeatedlyemerge.

9.Whatdeterminesaperson'smostcreativeperiodaccordingtothestudy?

A.Ageorcareer.B.Educationbackground.

C.Typeofthinking.D.Exposuretodiverseideas.

10.Whatdoesthewriterwanttostressinthelastparagraph?

A.Creativitybreedssuccess.

B.Creativityknowsnoagelimit.

C.Solutionsneeddiversecreativity.

D.Favoritismforgeniuseslimitscreativity.

11.Whafsthewriter'sattitudetothenewfindings?

A.Doubtful.B.Objective.C.Positive.D.Critical.

【答案】8.A9.CIO.Bll.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学和芝加哥大学的研究人员发现，创造力没有年

龄限制，我们所有人都有希望有创造力。

【8题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Conceptualinnovatorstendtodotheirbestworkintheirmid-twenties,

whileexperimentalinnovatorspeakintheirfifties.（概念创新者往往在25岁左右做最好的工作，而实验创

新者则在50岁左右达到顶峰。）”和划线单词所在句子"therearetwotypesofcreativitythatcanblossomat

differentpointsinaperson'slife.（在一个人的一生中，有两种类型的创造力可以在不同的时刻blossomo）”

可知，概念创新者往往在25岁左右做最好的工作，而实验创新者则在50岁左右达到顶峰，这说明具有这

两种创造力的人在不同的时刻会做到最