高考英语一轮复习 专题限时集训8 阅读理解-主旨大意之确定文章标题（含解析）-人教版高三英语试题

专题限时集训(八)阅读理解主旨大意之确定文章标题A(2019·河南省五校联考)Iwasgettingreadytogotobedwhenthephonerang.Thiscouldnotbegood.Mymindracedthroughthelistoffamilymemberswhomightneedhelp，butthevoicewashardlyfamiliar.“Lindy，thisisLesley.”Ididn'tknowLesleywell.Wedidoccasionallyspeakwitheachother，buttosaywewerefriendswasnotappropriate.Iaskedwhatsheneeded.Perhapssomethingreallyawfulcausedhertoreachsomeoneshebarelyknew.Instead，sheaskedme，“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey？Inyourfreezer？”Wehadlotsofroominourfreezer，andinfact，toomuch.“Sure，”Iresponded.“didyourfreezerbreakdown？”“Notexactly，”Lesleyreplied，“butIwillexplainwhenIarrive.”Minuteslatercameahugefreezertruck.Lesleysteppeddownandexplainedthelease(租约)ofthegrocerystoreherhusbandservicedhadrunoutandthattheyhadtoemptyallthefreezersthatverynight.Thinkingitwasashametothrowawayallthisgoodfood，theydecidedtodropofffoodtoanyoneshecouldthinkof.Noticingourfreezerwasprettyempty，Lesleyaskedtofillitup.Ourhomewastheirlaststopandanythingleftwouldhavetobeputinourfreezer.Anhourlater，everythingfinished，Iaskedher，“Whenwillyoucomebackforallthis？”Lesleylaughed，“Wedon'twantitback.Itisyours！Thanksforhelpingusout！”Thenshewavedgoodbyeanddroveaway.“Forhelpingthemout？”Weopenedourfreezerdoor.Insidewereallexpensivefoodsweneverboughtbutoftenlongedtotry.Wewerestrugglingtobuygroceries，yetitwasnotsomethingwesharedwithanyone.However，ourneedsweremetinanunexpectedway，bythatcall，“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey？”【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者一家在困难时期意外收到一位只有点头之交的人的“求助”，实际上却得到对方帮助的故事。1．Howdidthewriterfeelwhensheheardthephoneringing?A．Angry. B．Anxious.C．Shocked. D．Relieved.B[考查推理判断。根据第一段中的Thiscouldnotbegood.Mymindracedthroughthelistoffamilymemberswhomightneedhelp可知，作者刚听到电话铃响时认为不会有好事发生，猜测是哪个家人需要帮助，因此作者应是担忧的(anxious)。]2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebytheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2?A．Theywererunningoutoffoodsupplies.B．Theirfreezerwastoolargetofill.C．Theyweregladtoputtheturkeyinthefreezer.D．Theirfreezerwaslessfrequentlyused.A[考查句意理解。画线句表示“我们冰箱的空间很多，事实上，是太多了”；最后一段中的Insidewereallexpensivefoodsweneverboughtbutoftenlongedtotry暗示，作者真正想要表达的是他们生活困难，贮存的食物快吃完了，因此她家冰箱有太多的空间，故A项正确。]3．WhydidLesleycallupthewriter?A．Becauseshedidn'twantfoodtogotowaste.B．Becausethewriterwashergoodfriend.C．Becausesomethingawfulhadhappened.D．Becausesheknewthewriterwasinneed.A[考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句可知，Lesley不想把这么好的食物扔掉，所以决定把食物送给她能想起的任何人，包括作者，故A项正确。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AfriendonspeakingtermsB．Whoismyangel?C．UnexpectedbargainsD．Doyouhaveroomforaturkey?D[考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了作者一家在困难时期收到Lesley的“求助”电话，询问其冰柜是否有空间存放火鸡，结果却得到Lesley的帮助的故事。结合文章前后均提到Doyouhaveroomforaturkey可知，D项正确。]B(2019·郑州市质量预测)Peoplehavedifferentwaysofdealingwithacommoncold.Sometakeover­the­countermedicinessuchasaspirinwhileotherstrypopularhomeremedies(治疗)likeherbalteaorchickensoup.Yethereisthetoughtruthaboutthecommoncold：nothingreallycuresit.Sowhydopeoplesometimesbelievethattheirremedieswork？AccordingtoJamesTaylor，professorattheUniversityofWashington，coldsusuallygoawayontheirowninaboutaweek，improvingalittleeachdayaftersymptomspeak，soit'seasytobelieveit'smedicineratherthantimethatdeservesthecredit，USATodayreported.Itstillseemshardtobelievethatwecandealwithmoreseriousdiseasesyetarepowerlessagainstsomethingsocommonasacold.Recently，scientistscameclosertofigureoutwhy.Tounderstandit，youfirstneedtoknowhowantiviraldrugswork.Theyattackthevirusbyattachingtoandchangingthesurfacestructuresofthevirus.Todothat，thedrugmustfitandlockintothevirusliketherightpieceofajigsaw(拼图)，whichmeansscientistshavetoidentifythevirusandbuilda3Dmodeltostudyitssurfacebeforetheycandesignanantiviraldrugthatiseffectiveenough.Thetwocoldvirusesthatscientistshadlongknownaboutwererhinovirus(鼻病毒)AandB．Buttheydidn'tfindoutabouttheexistenceofathirdvirus，rhinovirusC，until2006.Allthreeofthemcontributetothecommoncold，butdrugsthatworkwellagainstrhinovirusAandBhavelittleeffectwhenusedagainstrhinovirusC.“Thisexplainsmostofthepreviousfailuresofdrugtrialsagainstrhinoviruses，”studyleaderProfessorAnnC．PalmenbergattheUniversityofWisconsin­Madison，US，toldScienceDaily.Now，morethan10yearsafterthediscoveryofrhinovirusC，scientistshavefinallybuiltahighly­detailed3Dmodelofthevirus，showingthatthesurfaceofthevirusis，asexpected，differentfromthatofothercoldviruses.Withthemodelinhand，hopefullyarealcureforacommoncoldisonitsway.Soon，wemaynolongerhavetowasteourmoneyonmedicinesthatdon'treallywork.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了科学家们对普通感冒的相关研究。5．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpopularremediesforacommoncold?A．Theyarequiteeffective.B．Theyareslightlyhelpful.C．Theyactuallyhavenoeffect.D．Theystillneedtobeimproved.C[考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者认为常见的应对普通感冒的方法都是无效的，这与第二段的专家论述呼应。]6．Howdoantiviraldrugswork?A．Bybreakingupcoldvirusesdirectly.B．Bychangingthesurfacestructuresofthecoldviruses.C．Bypreventingcoldsfromdevelopingintoseriousdiseases.D．Byabsorbingdifferentkindsofcoldvirusesatthesametime.B[考查细节理解。根据第三段第四句可知，抗病毒药物是通过附着在病毒表面，并改变其表面结构而起作用的。]7．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thesurfaceofcoldviruseslooksquitesimilar.B．Scientistshavealreadyfoundacureforthecommoncold.C．ScientistswerenotawareoftheexistenceofrhinovirusCuntilrecently.D．Knowingthestructureofcoldvirusesisthekeytodevelopinganeffectivecure.D[考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，了解感冒病毒的结构是研发有效药物的关键所在。]8．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．DrugsagainstcoldvirusesB．HelpfulhomeremediesC．NocurrentcureforcommoncoldD．ResearchoncoldvirusesC[考查标题判断。根据第一段最后一句和最后一段的呼应，以及对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述了科学家们对普通感冒的研究，结果发现目前并没有有效的治疗方法。]C(2019·湘东六校联考)Itiswidelybelievedthatsmilingmeansapersonishappy，anditusuallyoccurswhenthey'remeetinganotherpersonoragroupofpeople.However，anewstudyledbythebodylanguageexpertDrHarryWitchelshowsthisisn'talwaysthecase.Inhisresearch，heasked44participantsaged18—35toplayageographyquizgameconsistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoftengotthewronganswer.Participantsseatedinteractedwithacomputeraloneinaroomwhiletheirfaceswerevideorecorded.Afterthequiz，theparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperienceusingarangeof12emotionsincluding‘bored’，‘interested’and‘frustrated’．Meanwhile，theirfacialexpressionswerethencomputeranalysedframebyframeinordertojudgehowmuchtheyweresmilingbasedonascaleofbetween0to1.DrWitchelsaid：“Accordingtosomeresearchers，arealsmilereflectstheinnerstateofcheerfulnessoramusement.However,behaviouralecologytheorysuggeststhatallsmilesaretoolsusedinsocialinteractions，meaningcheerfulnessisneithernecessarynorrichforsmiling.Ourstudyshowedthatinthesehuman­computerinteractionexperiments，smilingisn'tdrivenbyhappiness；itisassociatedwithsubjectiveinvolvement(主观参与)，whichactslikeasocialfuelforsmiling，evenwhensocialisingwithacomputeronyourown.”Surprisingly，participantsdidn'ttendtosmileduringtheperiodwhentheyweretryingtofigureouttheanswers.However,theydidsmilerightafterthecomputergameinformedthemiftheiranswerwascorrectorwrong.Participantssmiledmoreoftenwhentheygottheanswerwrong.DrWitchedadded：“Duringthesecomputerisedquizzes，smilingwasgreatlyincreasedjustafteransweringquestionsincorrectly.Thisbehaviourcouldbeexplainedbyself­ratingsofinvolvement，ratherthanbyratingsofhappinessorfrustration.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不能表明这个人一定是快乐的。9．WhydidDrWitchelusedifficultquestionsinthequizgame?A．Tomakeithardforparticipantstoanswerthemcorrectly.B．Tomaketheanswerperiodlastaslongaspossible.C．Todiscoverthemostintelligentparticipants.D．Tocreateastressfulsituationforparticipantsdeliberately.A[考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句可知，他设计的问题很难，是为了让参加试验的人得出错误的答案；据此可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对题目，故A项正确。]10．WhatcanweinferfromwhatDrWitchelsaidinParagraph4?A．Otherresearchers'opinionofarealsmileisquiteright.B．Smilesaren'tnecessarilyusefultoolsinsocialinteractions.C．Subjectivei