中考英语一轮专题复习名词课件1

中考英语一轮专题复习

名词人教新目标版命题趋势+中考考察重点命题趋势名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名词的词。名词在英语词汇中占有较大的比例，历年中考试题都要涉及，而且题目数量逐年增多，难度逐渐加大。考点常分布在单项选择、完形填空中。近几年的中考在淡化语法的同时，突出了语言的交际性和实用性，试题的综合性也越来越强，中考热点主要是不可数名词、可数名词的单复数以及名词和其他词类（如冠词、动词、介词等）组成的固定短语，还包括具体情境名词词义辨析等。中考考察重点1.掌握可数名词与不可数名词。2.掌握可数名词的复数形式（规则变化和不规则变化）3.掌握名词所有格。4.掌握名词作主语、定语的用法。Presentation考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例考向一：可数名词一、可数名词的规则变化情况构成方法例词

mapbagbookboy

babycity

buswatchwishbox(特例：stomach)

photopianozooradio

heropotatotomato

shelfthiefknifeleaf一般情况加-smapsbagsbooksboys以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词去y，再加-iesbabiescities以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词以“s,x,sh,ch”等结尾的词加-esbuseswatcheswishesboxesstomachs表示无生命的词，加-s表示有生命的词，加-esphotospianoszoosradiosheroespotatoestomatoes巧学妙用黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿以f或fe结尾的词大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-sshelvesthievesknivesleaves考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.A.balloonsB.balloonC.ballones由空前的some可知应用复数，balloon的复数为balloons,故选AA2.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant_____inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.A.citiesB.citysC.city“oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数“结构意为“最...的...之一”，由此可知，此处应用名词的复数形式cities.注意词尾y的变化。A3.-CanIhelpyou,Madam?-Yes._______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsocksocks短袜，常以复数出现。一双短袜apairofsocks两双twopairsofsocks.B考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.A.balloonsB.balloonC.ballones由空前的some可知应用复数，balloon的复数为balloons,故选AA2.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant_____inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.A.citiesB.citysC.city“oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数“结构意为“最...的...之一”，由此可知，此处应用名词的复数形式cities.注意词尾y的变化。A3.-CanIhelpyou,Madam?-Yes._______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsocksocks短袜，常以复数出现。一双短袜apairofsocks两双twopairsofsocks.B考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.A.balloonsB.balloonC.ballones由空前的some可知应用复数，balloon的复数为balloons,故选AA2.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant_____inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.A.citiesB.citysC.city“oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数“结构意为“最...的...之一”，由此可知，此处应用名词的复数形式cities.注意词尾y的变化。A3.-CanIhelpyou,Madam?-Yes._______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsocksocks短袜，常以复数出现。一双短袜apairofsocks两双twopairsofsocks.B考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例二、可数名词的不规则变化巧学妙用构成方法例词

womanfoottooth

sheepdeer

mousechild

EnglishmanFrenchman

GermanRomanAmericanCanadian改变单数名词中的元音字母womenfeetteeth单复数形式相同sheepdeer只有复数形式trousersglassesclothespantsjeans特殊变化micechildren表示“某国人”的名词单复数同形ChineseJapanese变词尾的man变men词尾加-s中日不变，英法变，其他后面加-sEnglishmenFrenchmenGermansRomansAmericansCanadiansPairwork考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.-Iheartherearethreeforeignersinmyclass.-Yes.Oneisa________;theothertwoare______.A.Japan;GermanyB.Japanese;GermanC.Japanese;GermansD.Japanese;Germen第一个横线前有a后用名词单数；后面主语有two后用复数，German复数Germans.2.UncleLihasafarm.Therearesome______onthefarm.A.chikcenandsheepB.chickensandsheepsC.chickensandsheepD.chickenandsheeps

some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。chicken意为“鸡”时是可数名词，其复数形式为chickens,而sheep单复数同形。CC考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例三、集合名词的用法1.是由若干格个体组成的集合体，例如：family,team,guoupclass等，它们以单数形式出现。a.强调某个集合的整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。eg:Myfamilyisahappyone.我的家人正在看电视。b.强调其中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。eg:MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人正在看电视。2.通常只用作复数。Thepolicearesearchingforthecriminal.警察正在搜捕那个罪犯。若表达单数意义，则使用其他名词。aperson一个人somepersons/people一些人apoliceman一名警察考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例四、不可数名词的量化表达1.表示不定数量时，一般用”some,much,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof+不可数名词“来表示。somewater一些水alittlemilk一点儿牛奶2.表示确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当数词大于1，后面的量词用复数形式。apieceofbread一片面包twoglassesofwater两杯水threebagsofrice三袋大米注意alotof,lotsof,some,plentyof等既能修饰可数名词复数，又能修饰不可数名词。典例考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例1.-Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?-Yes,______,please.A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolatesC.somecakesD.twobottlesoforangeDdrinks是饮料而不是事物的意思。先排除B,C.orange当“橘子”讲是可数名词，有复数形式。当“橘子汁”讲是不可数名词，要和数量词放在一起用，所以排除A，选D。2.-CouldIhavesometingtoeat?-Sure.Here’ssome______.A.chickenB.tomatoesC.orangeA句意：我可以吃点东西吗？当然，这有一些鸡肉。题干中的系动词是“is”,故应把B排除，C选项”orange”在此处应译成“橘汁”，不属于吃的东西，故选A。考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例五名词所有格类别构成方法举例

‘s所有格

of所有格

双重所有格

一般在词尾加“-s”theboy’sbag表示两人或两人以上共同拥有某物/人时，只在最后一个人后加“‘s”;表示各自所有时，在每个人后面加“’s”Kate’sandMary’sroomsKateandMary’sroom“’s”可表示店铺或某人的家，其后的名词一般可省略。atthedoctor’satLiLei’s表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词，也可加”’s”或“’”来构成所有格。twodays’holiday以s,es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘”Teachers’Day用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格。thetitleofthesong双重所有格的两种形式：of+‘s;of+名词性物主代词afriendofmysister’safriendofmine考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Lookatthebigandcleanroom.It’s_____.A.Lucy’sandLily’sB.LucyandLily’sC.Licy’sandLilyBLucy’sandLily’s指两人各自拥有的东西；LucyandLily’s指两人共有的东西。根据上句的room可知，只有一个房间，故指的时露西和莉莉两人共有的房间。2.ThemovienamdALittleRedFlowershows______lovefortheirchidlren.A.parentsB.parent’sC.parents’CParents意为“父母”，是可数名词复数；parent’s是parent一词但是形式所有格，表示”父亲或母亲的“；parents’是parent的复数形式所有格，表示”父母的“。由their可知本题选C。3.June1stis_______Day.A.ChildrenB.Children’sC.ChildD.Child’sB句意：六月一日是_______节。根据生活常识可推知是儿童节。表示“一类人的“应用名词复数的所有格形式，child的复数是children,该词复数不以s结尾，其所有格形式在其后加”’s”，既children’s.考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例六词义辨析1.一词多义词语可数名词意义不可数名词意义chicken

glass

work

room

time

experience

fruit

food

paper

exercise

2.语境辩词：运用生活经验，知识积累，根据上下文推测出空格出所要表答的意思，从而选出正确选项。鸡鸡肉玻璃杯玻璃作品工作房间空间次数时间经历经验各种水果水果各种食物食物试卷；论文纸练习锻炼考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例名词作定语1.名词作定语，一般用单数形式computergames电脑游戏countrymusic乡村音乐2.个别名词作定语，要用复数形式。clothesstore服装店sportsmeeting运动会3.man,woman作定语时，由单复数变化。amanteacher-twomenteachers复合名词作定语，其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”，也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式，如athree-dayholiday=threedays’holiday为期三天的假期。考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Three-fifthsoftheteachersinourschoolare______.A.manteachersB.menteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher2.Therearemany_______teachersinthisprimaryschool.A.womanB.woman’sC.womenD.women’s3.Thesubwaystationisabout_____walkfrommyhome.A.10minuteB.10-minutesC.10minutesD.10minutes’我们学校五分之三的老师是男老师。一般情况下，名词复数只加在中心词后面，但man,woman在作复数名词的定语时，要跟中心词一起变为复数。B在这所小学里有许多女老师。man和woman在复数名词前作定语时，随后面的复数名词一起变为复数。故选C。C复合名词作定语，其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”，也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式D跟踪训练1.Idon’tknowhowtomakeaspeechinpublic.Canyougivemesome_____?A.waterB.moneyC.foodD.advice2.-CanIhelpyou,Madam？-Yes.______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.TwopairsofsockD.Twopairofsocks3.-InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.-That’sinterseting!IwanttoknowalltheChinese______.A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problems.4.About200______wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.A.GermanB.AustralianC.ChineseD.American5.Howmuch_____doweneedtomakeabananamilkshake?A.bananasB.applesC.coffeeD.milk6.Thearticlegivesstudentssome______abouthowtostaysafeonline.A.suggestionsB.activitesC.decisionsD.advantagesDA.BACD跟踪训练7.-Keepquiet!Ineedcomplete______whenI’mworking.-Sorry,Dad.Iwon’tmakeanynoiseagain.A.trustB.silenceC.controlD.strength8.Duringtheepidemic(疫情），many_____inourcitywenttoHubeiProvinceasvolunteers.A.womandoctorB.womandoctorsC.womendoctorsC.womendoctor9.-Idon’tknowhowtousetheappFunDubbing.-AskKittyforhelp.Shehaslotsof_____indoingit.A.expressionB.expreimentC.examinationD.experience10.Youcanseethe_____inourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubtB.prideC.regretD.ability11.-Howdidyouputtogetherthemodelplanesoperfectly?-It’seasy.Ijustfollowedthe______.A.instructionsB.instrumentsC.interviewsD.inventionsBCDBA真题在线1.（2021.天津）-Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast?-I’dlike______.A.tomatonoodleB.tomatonoodlesC.tomatoesnoodlesD.tomatoesnoodels2.(2021.云南）Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek,includingthree______andfour______.A.German;AmericanB.Germans;AmericanC.Germans;AmericansD.German;Americans3.(2011.甘肃）Mrs.Greenisadoctor.Sheisafriendof_____.A.Mary’smother’sBMary’smother’sofC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary4.(2021.四川）Nobodythooughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin_______.A.twodays’timeB.two-daystimeC.twoday’stimeC.twodaystime5.(2021.青海）Mary,putonthe______tokeepyourhandswarm.A.glovesB.glassesC.socksD.jeans

BCAAASummary真题在线7.(2021.黑龙江）ThelandingofChina’srover(登陆车）ZhurongonMarsshowsChinahasmadegreat____inspaceexploration.A.progressB.projectC.productD.protection8.(2021.新疆）Weusedtobuythingsinthe______,butnowweusuallydoitonline.A.shopB.museumC.bankD.library9.(2021.江苏）-HaveyoudecidedwhattowritesboutGulliverinLilliputinthereport?-I’mnotsure.MaybeIneedtoreadsome______aboutitbeforewritingA.reasonsB.rewardsC.resultsD.reviews10.(2021.四川）-What’syourfavorite______,John?-History.Itisveryinteresting.A.foodB.vegetableC.animalD.subjectAADDHomework真题在线11.(2021.贵州）-HowdoyouimproveyourEnglish_____?-IoftentalkwiththepersonwhosemotherlanguageisEnglish.A.populationB.transportatioinC.pronunicationD.suggestion12.(2020.贵州）OnFebruary25,PresidentXiJinpingannouncedthatChinahasmadea“complete____”initsfightagainstproverty(贫困）.A.victoryB.progressC.differenceD.improvement13.(2020.浙江温州）-I’msadtohearthatYuanLongpingpassedaway.-SoamI.Welostahero.His______onhybrid(杂交）ricehelpedChinesepeoplesolvetheproblemofeating.A.surveyB.reportsC.researchesD.achievements14.(2020.山东滨州）-Whatisthe_____ofyourbeautifullEnglishhandwriting?-Practicemakesperfect!A.secretB.influenceC.choiceD.purpose15.(2020.重庆A卷）-Susan,wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?-Yes,______please.A.somemilkB.someteaC.somecoffeeD.somebreadCADACD模拟测试1.Lucy’sfatherworksinNo.1Hospital.Heisa_______.A.teacherB.doctorC.postmanD.policeman.2.-Pleasethrowtherubbishinthebinsnexttime.-Oh,Iusuallydothat.Iwasjustina_____.A.hurryB.riskC.line3.-Mum,mustIbeateacherlikeyouwh