高考英语人教全国版一轮预习案第一部分选修八Unit3

Unit3InventorsandinventionsⅠ.情景默写1.BookCrossingprovidesanidentification(身份证明)numbertostickinsidethebook.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)2.Whatcriteria(标准)areusedforassessingastudent’sability?3.Understandingtheinstructionsrequiresaninthgradereadingpetence(本领).4.Pleasegivehimlotsofloveinsteadofhighexpectations(期望)；otherwisehewillbeloadedwithgreatpressure.5.Thatgirltapped(轻敲)herfingersonthedeskimpatiently.6.Heseized(抓)herbythearmallofasudden.7.Icheckedthefilesandsomeofthepaperswereout__of__order(安排不当).Youhadbettersortthemout.8.Whenyouwereout，Johnrangup，andhewantedyoutoring__him__back(给他回).9.Isawhimdive__into(跳入)therivertosaveadrowningchild.10.Hewenttoseehisgrandmothernow__and__then(时不时地).11.Yourlettercalls__up(使想起)thedayswhenweworkedtogetheronthefarmsfifteenyearsago.12.Havingmadeupforhismind，heset__about(开始)carryingouttheplan.13.It’stheloveandresponsibilitythathavedrivenhimtoget__through(度过)manyhardshipsandsurvive.14.Ifyouhang__on(稍等)forawhile，IwillgoandseeifIcanfindyourmother.Ⅱ.词性转换1.Hetookmeasurestomakeupforhisfault，whichreceivedourrecognition(recognize).2.Yoursuggestionsoundsreasonableandpractical(practice).Ithinkitdeservestobediscussedatthenextmeeting.3.Whentheiceisheatedabovefreezing(freeze)point，itbeginstochangeintoaliquidstate.4.Thebuscametoanabrupt(abruptly)stop，makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.5.YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitisconvenient；thatis，athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.(convenient)6.Heisacautiousmanandisalwaysdoingthingswithcaution.Youshouldgetonwithhimcautiously.(caution)7.Themandershowedmercytotheprisonersofwarandtheyweretreatedmercifully.(mercy)8.Heisinaverymerrymoodtodayandwecouldhearhimsinginganddancingmerrily(merry).9.Inwesterncountries，thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck，butactuallythereisn’tanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)1.句型公式：Thereseemed/seems/seemtobe...似乎有更好的办法来解决边界争端。There__seemed__to__be__a__better__way__to__solve__the__border__dispute.2.句型公式：only＋介词短语放于句首的倒装句只有努力工作我们才能成功。Only__by__working__hard__can__we__succeed.3.句型公式：nor＋助动词＋主语汤姆不紧张，玛丽也不紧张。Tom__isn’t__nervous，nor__is__Mary.4.句型公式：everytime引导时间状语从句每次我们停下来，每个人都会盯着我看。Every__time__we__stopped，everybodywouldstareatme.5.句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句努力学习，你终有一天会成功。Work__hard，and__you’ll__succeed__in__time.6.句型公式：notuntil的强调句直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。It__was__not__until__the__next__day__that__I__learned__the__truth.第一板块重点单词1.distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/微写作①Itisthesuperiorintelligenceandtheuseoflanguagethatdistinguishmanfromtheotheranimals.②AsfarasIknow，shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasanathlete.③Honestlyspeaking，Iadmireyourdistinguished(distinguish)achievements.④阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。Reading__good__books__enriches__our__mind__and__teaches__us__to__distinguishbetween__right__and__wrong.状元笔记全记牢(1)distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……distinguishoneself(as...)(作为……)表现突出(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名(3)distinguishableadj.易分辨的；能区分的2.bearvt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育高考必刷题练透写出下列句中bear的含义/微写作①WhydoIhavetobearallthecostsofrepair？负担②Shehasalreadyborneseveralchildren.生育③Ican’tbearhavingpetdogsinthehouse.忍耐④我们应该牢记成功源于勤奋，懒惰导致失败。We__should__bear/keep__in__mind__thatsuccessesfromhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.状元笔记全记牢(1)can’tbeardoing/todosth不能忍受做某事can’tbearsb/sb’sdoing不能忍受某人做某事(2)bearaheavyburden肩负重担bearresponsibility/theblame承担责任/受责备(3)bear/keepsthinmind记住……bear/keepinmindthat...记住……3.associatevt.联想；联系高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/句型转换①Writedownallthewordsassociatedwithcandles.②Readerswillassociatethemselves(they)closelywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesandsharesimilarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.(2015·江苏卷)③Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhichareassociatedwithsmoking.→Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsassociatedwithsmoking.(使用分词作定语)→Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsinassociationwithsmoking.(使用介词短语作定语)状元笔记全记牢(1)associate...with...把……和……联系在一起beassociatedwith...和……有关associatewithsb与某人交往或打交道(2)associationn.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体inassociationwith...与……合伙/有关系第二板块核心短语1.callup给……打；使想起高考必刷题练透介、副词填空/微写作①Icalledupmymothertoaskifshewantedtolivewithusinthecity.②TheMinistryofEducationcallson/uponstudentstoexerciseforanhoureveryday.③Thegamewascalledoffbecauseofthebadweather.④Canyouhangon？I’llseeifhe’shere.⑤BeforeIcouldgetin，sherangoff，andIhadtoringbacklater.⑥那张照片唤起我对童年的幸福的记忆。That__picture__called__up__the__happy__memories__of__my__childhood.状元笔记全记牢callat拜访(某个地点)calloff取消；停止callon/upon拜访(某人)；号召；需求callfor(公开)要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)callin召来；请来【点津】与“打”有关的短语还有：①ringup给……打②ring/callback回复③ringoff挂断④hang/holdon挂断⑤givesbaring/call给某人打2.getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽高考必刷题练透写出下列句中getthrough的含义①Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.(设法)做完②Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausehistelephonewasoutofordernowandthen.设法联系上③Luckily，thegapinthefencewasjustwideenoughforthesheeptogetthrough.通过④Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.用完状元笔记全记牢get(sth)across(tosb)使(某事)被(某人)理解getalongwithsb与某人相处；进展getawaywithsth携带某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚getdownto(doing)sth开始做某事；认真处理某事getover爬过……；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来第三板块经典句式Follow__it__up，explore__all__around__it，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/句型转换①Followyourdoctor’sadvice，andyouwillgetbettersoon.②Breakawayfromsmoking，or/or__else/otherwiseyoumaydieoflungcancer.③Ifyoueintime，youwillseeyourfavoritestar.→e__in__time__and__you__will__see__your__favorite__star.(and)→e__in__time__or__you__will__not__see__your__favorite__star.(or)状元笔记全记牢这是一个“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。(1)“祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”；(2)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”(名词词组中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词)；(3)“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用orelse或otherwise替换。Ⅰ.课文语法填空Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.onthephone，shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthatthesnakesseemed2.to__have__made(make)theirhomeneartheirhouse.Thewriterfeltproudand3.considered(consider)itachanceforhertodistinguishherselfbyinventingsomething4.merciful(mercy)thatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout5.researching(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbeeasilycaught.6.However，herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.As7.aresult，shehadtoattempta8.third(three)time，whichhelpedherfulfillheraim9.successfully(success).Shewassodelightedthatshe10.was__determined(determine)tosendherinventiontothepatentofficetogetrecognitionforhersuccessfulidea.Ⅱ.课文短文改错AlexanderGrahamBellbornin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung，hisfamilymovestoBoston，USA.Hismotherwasalmostentiredeaf.Afterthat，hebecameinterestedinhelpdeafpeoplemunicateandindeafeducation.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismother’sforehead，hecouldmakethebonesmoveinsoawaythatshecouldunderstandthathewassaying.Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemswhichledtohisinventions.What’smore，hewasinthetruthacontinuingsearcher.Iimprovedthequalityofeverybody’slifebyfindingmuchpracticalsolutions.答案AlexanderGrahamBellbornin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung，hisfamilyeq\f(moves,moved)toBoston，USA.Hismotherwasalmosteq\f(entire,entirely)deaf.Afterthat，hebecameinterestedineq\f(help,helping)deafpeoplemunicateandindeafeducation.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismother’sforehead，hecouldmakethebonesmoveineq\f(so,such)awaythatshecouldunderstandeq\f(that,what)hewassaying.Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemseq\f(which,that)ledtohisinventions.What’smore，hewasineq\a\vs4\al(the)truthacontinuingsearcher.eq\f(I,He)improvedthequalityofeverybody’slifebyfindingeq\f(much,many)practicalsolutions.Ⅲ.单元要点微写作根据下面提示写一篇60词左右的短文介绍自己申请志愿者的过程。我和其他人的不同之处在于我积极参加各项活动。自从我得知这个消息，我就着手申请成为一名志愿者。志愿者工作对我来说是很合适的，我一定会把这项工作做好。如果您能接受我的申请，并给我回，我将不胜感激。【参考范文】WhatdistinguishesmefromothersisthatItakeanactivepartinallkindsofactivities；therefore，IhavesetaboutapplyingtobeavolunteersinceIlearnedtheinformation.ThevoluntaryworkisconvenientformeandIamboundtodothejobwell.Iwillbegratefulifyoucanconsideracceptingmeandcallingmeup.Ⅰ.阅读理解Thehistoryofvacuumcleaners(真空吸尘器)intheUKdatesbacktotheearly1900s.HubertCecilBoothstartedthefirstvacuumcleanerpanyintheUK，knownastheBritishVacuumCleanerpany.Itwasn’tlong，however，beforeWilliamHenryHoover，whohadalreadyexperiencedsuccesswithhisvacuumcleanersinAmerica，madeheadwayinthevacuumcleanermarketintheUKandbecamemoresuccessfulthanBooth.Hoover’svacuumcleanersintheUKbecamesuchasuccessthat‘tohoover’quicklybecameequaltovacuuming.SomeoftheearliestdomesticvacuumcleanersintheUKusedsimplereusableclothbagdesignswherebythevacuumcleanersimplycollecteddustinthebag.Oncethebagwasfull，youcouldemptyandreattachittothevacuumcleaner.Fordecadesaftertheirintroduction，vacuumcleanersintheUKwerealuxuryitemthatonlytheupperclasscouldafford.AfterWorldWarⅡ，however，theybecamemonamongthemiddleclass.ThiswasespeciallytrueforvacuumcleanersintheUK，becausethepopularityofcarpetsmeanssweepingisnotaneasyoreffectivemeansofcarpetcleaning.In1952，HoovermadetheConstellationavailabletothepublicforthefirsttime.Hooverdesigneditsothatpeoplecouldplacethevacuumcleanerinthecenteroftheroomandthenworkaroundit.Afterabout20yearsofsellingthesevacuumcleanersintheUK，HooverstoppedtheConstellationin1975.AdvancestouprightandcylindervacuumcleanersintheUKcontinued，enablingvacuumcleanerstobeemoreefficientandeffective.The1990ssawtheintroductionofthefirstbaglessdomesticvacuumcleanersintheUK.Despitemanyanindustryfearsconsumerswouldnotbepreparedtopaythehighprice，baglessvacuumcleanersbecameabigsuccessintheUK.Asforthefuture，vacuumcleanersintheUKareexpectedtobeeevenmoreenergy－efficient.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了真空吸尘器在英国的发展史。1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A.HooverenteredtheUKvacuumcleanermarketbeforethe1900s.B.Hoover’svacuumcleanersweremoreadvancedthanBooth’s.C.Hoover’svacuumcleanerswereverypopularintheUKmarket.D.VacuumcleanerswereinventedlaterintheUKthaninAmerica.答案C[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Itwasn’tlong，however，beforeWilliamHenryHoover，whohadalreadyexperiencedsuccesswithhisvacuumcleanersinAmerica，madeheadwayinthevacuumcleanermarketintheUKandbecamemoresuccessfulthanBooth.”可知，在美国已经取得成功的WilliamHenryHoover在英国的真空吸尘器市场上比Booth获得了更大的成功，由此可知，WilliamHenryHoover的真空吸尘器在英国市场上非常受欢迎，故C项正确。]2.Whatwastheclothbagontheearliestdomesticvacuumcleanersusedfor?A.Decoratingthevacuumcleaners.B.Makingthevacuumcleanersmoreefficient.C.Lighteningthevacuumcleaners.D.Collectingdust.答案D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“SomeoftheearliestdomesticvacuumcleanersintheUKusedsimplereusableclothbagdesignswherebythevacuumcleanersimplycollecteddustinthebag.”可知，早期家用吸尘器上的布袋是用来装灰尘的，故D项正确。]3.WhatwasthemostremarkablecharacteristicoftheConstellation?A.Itwasonlyusedbytheupperclass.B.Itsdesignallowedtheusertoworkaroundit.C.Itwasuprightandcylinder.D.Itspricewasextremelyhighatthetime.答案B[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Hooverdesigneditsothatpeoplecouldplacethevacuumcleanerinthecenteroftheroomandthenworkaroundit.”可知，Constellation最显著的特点是人们可以把吸尘器放在屋子的中间，在它周围干活，故B项正确。]4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbaglessvacuumcleaners________.A.weresopopularthattheycouldfulfillallUKcustomers’demandsB.werethemostenergy－efficientvacuumcleanersC.werenotacceptedbyUKcustomersD.wereexpensivewhentheymadetheirfirstpublicappearanceintheUK答案D[细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The1990ssawtheintroductionofthefirstbaglessdomesticvacuumcleanersintheUK.Despitemanyanindustryfearsconsumerswouldnotbepreparedtopaythehighprice，baglessvacuumcleanersbecameabigsuccessintheUK.”可知，无袋式吸尘器刚问世时价格昂贵，故D项正确。]Ⅱ.七选五OutofthecoldTherearenoknowncuresforcoldsandtheflu，socoldandflupreventionshouldbeyourgoal.Themosteffectivewayofpreventingthefluistogettheflushot.__1__Butthereareothertechniquesyoucanemployaswell.Herearesometipsyoucanusetohelppreventcoldsandtheflunaturally：Putaboxoftissues(纸巾)whereverpeoplesit.Placetissueboxesstrategicallyaroundthehouse，atwork，andinthecar.__2__Thenanyonewhohastocoughorblowtheirnosecanusetheminawayleastlikelytospreadbacteria.Leavethewindowsopeninwinter.Notallofthem，butoneortwointheroomsinwhichyouspendthemosttime.__3__Addgreenteaandanappletoyourmorningbreak.RecentresearchbyfoodnutritionistsatAucklandUniversityinNewZealand，foundthateatingfoodrichinflavonoids(类黄酮)couldlowertheriskofadultscatchingacoldbyasmuchas33%.__4__Eatingfiveservingsofvegetablesandtwoservingsoffruiteachdayinavarietyofcoloursisagreatwaytomakesureyougetenoughflavonoidsinyourdiet.__5__Theknuckle(指关节)islesslikelytohavevirusesthanyourfingertip.Theeyeprovidesaperfectentrypointforbacteria，andtheaveragepersonrubshiseyesornoseorscratcheshisface20－50timesaday，makingfingersparticularlygoodatspreadingbacteria.A.Itworksbetterthananythingelse.B.Youneedtomakethemwidelyavailable.C.Useyourknuckletogentlyrubyoureyes.D.Freshairdoeswondersforchasingoutbacteria.E.Nevereintodirectcontactwithvirusesandbacteria.F.Theyarefoundingreentea，apples，blueberries，redwineandcocoa.G.Whenyoufeelacoughing，useatissue，thenthrowitawayimmediately.【语篇导读】本文是说明文，文章提供了预防感冒的小贴士。1.A[由上一句Themosteffectivewayofpreventingthefluistogettheflushot可知，打流感针比其他方法更有效。]2.B[由上一句Placetissueboxesstrategicallyaroundthehouse，atwork，andinthecar可知，应该把纸巾放到伸手就能够到的地方。]3.D[把一两扇窗户打开的目的是让新鲜空气进来，所以D项符合语境。]4.F[本段主要说明类黄酮的重要性，F项中的They指的就是类黄酮。]5.C[由下一句Theknuckleislesslikelytohavevirusesthanyourfingertip可知，本段小标题应该是C项。]Ⅲ.完形填空ThefightingforSUCCESSalwaysbeginswithatarget.Buttoomanypeople__1__throughlifelikesleepwalkers.Eachdaytheyfollowfamiliar__2__，neverasking，“WhatamIdoingwithmylife？”Andtheydon’tknowwhatthey’redoingbecausetheylack__3__.Goal－settingisafocusingofthe__4__tomoveinacertaindirection.Beginwithaclear__5__ofwhatyouwant.Writedownyourgoalsanddatethem—puttingtheminto__6__makesthemclearertoyou.Ratherthanconcentratingon__7__objectstoacquireandpossess，focusonsatisfyingyourdesirestodo，toproduce，tocontribute，whichgivesyouatruesenseof__8__weallneed.It’simportanttopictureyourself__9__yourgoal.Whatoftenhappensisthat__10__tendtopicturetheterribleconsequencesoffailure，whilewinnerspicturethe__11__ofsuccess.I’veseenitamongathletes，businesspeopleandpublicspeakers.I’vedoneitmyself.Iwasafraidof__12__travel.Friendsshowedmestatisticscontrastingairandhighway__13__，butitmadenodifference，becauseIhadreadtoomanyarticlesdescribing__14__scenesandimaginedthesescenesvividly.Ihadprogrammedmyself,withoutrealizingit，to__15__planes.ThenonesummerIhadthe__16__toflyonaprivateplanewithfriends.Ididn’twanttomissagreat__17__.SoIspenttwoweeksimaginingasmoothflightandeasy__18__.Whenthedayarrived，Iwas__19__togo.Toeveryone’ssurprise，Igotontheplaneandflewwiththemwithouthesitation.Il