M3-U2-Grammar-and-Usage-名词性从句(IT)-定稿

nounclausesintroducedbyquestionwordsModule3Unit2GrammarandUsageRevisionPleasecorrectthefollowingsentences.1.Wecan'tdecideiftotakeuptennisorfootball.2.Themeeting'sdecisionisallworkersshouldworktwomorehourseveryday.3.Thenewswhichaseriousearthquakehappenedinherhometownmadeherupset.4.I'msureifhecanpasstheexam.5.Itdependsonifwehavemuchmoney.whetherthatthatthatwhether6.Idon'tknowifornotTomhaspassedtheexamination.7.Thereasonwhytheywerealwayspoorwaswhichtheypaidlittleattentiontoeducation.8.Whoheneedsisyourunderstanding.9.WhatIhavebeenadmittedintothePekingUniversityexcitedme.10.Doyouknowhowdotheywanttoshowlove?whetherthatWhatThatnounclausesintroducedbyquestionwords我想休息啊!_______hewantsnowistohaveagoodrest.What该选哪个呢？I’mwondering_______wayIshouldgo.which派谁去伊拉克好呢？_____willbesenttoIraqhasn’tbeendecidedyet.WhoTheyare________Isawtheotherday.whom_______planisbetterisunderdiscussion.Whose莎士比亚出生地Thisis__________Shakespearewasborn.where我想放暑假！Shehasnoidea_______thesummervacationwillstart.when主人干嘛不让我抓老鼠？Itisunknowntothedog_____heisn’tallowedtocatchthemouse.why犯人的作案手法是什么？Itisuncertain_____thecriminal〔罪犯〕committedthecrime.howwhat----什么〔指_____〕who---谁〔_____格〕which---__________whom---谁〔_____格〕 whose---谁的〔________格〕where〔什么_____〕 when〔什么_____〕why〔________〕 how〔__________〕这些词在从句中既起________作用，同时又________从句中的____________。归纳：物主哪一个/些宾所有地方时候为什么如何，怎么连接充当一个成分Testyourselves!1.Noonecanbesure__inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike2.Doyouknow____he’sgettingalongwellwithhisEnglish?A.how B.that C.what D.which3.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothepartyis____hewasill.A.because B.why C.that D.when4.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.A.there B.whereC.therewhere D.wherethere5._____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinfuture____tobeseen.A.Whether;remains B.What;remainsC.Who;remained D.If;remains6.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfeweryoungpeopleshowedinterestinreadingbooks.A.What;why B.That;whatC.That;because D.Why;that疑问词、疑问词

+

ever、no

matter

+

疑问词who&whoeverwhoever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyonewho或thosewho。Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Whowillbeelectedpresidentdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencetome.what&whateverwhatever

引导名词性从句时，与what差不多，只是语气上更强些，有“任何一切……”之意。

ThisisexactlywhatIwant.

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.Note：whatever=anythingthatwhoever=anyonewhowhichever=anythingwhich“任何……的人〔或东西〕”，在句中可以作主语、宾语。Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.I’llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.Whicheverteamgainsthemostpointswins.

I’llreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.I’llread____ofthe

books_____

yougiveme.

anythat疑问词

+

ever&no

matter

+

疑问词①疑问词

+

ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的局部。

Whoever

breaks

the

rule

must

be

punished.You

can

choose

whatever

you

like

in

the

shop.

②疑问词

+

ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever

breaks

the

rule,

he

must

be

punished.

Whatever

you

do,

you

must

do

it

well.

③no

matter

+

疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

No

matter

what

you

do,

you

must

do

it

well.

No

matter

who

breaks

the

rule,

he

must

be

punished.

7.___surprisesmemostisthatshedoesn’tevenknow____thedifferencebetweenthetwolies.What;where B.What;whatC.That;where D.That;what8.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where9.PeoplehaveheardwhatthePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtosee___hewilldo.A.how B.that C.when D.what10.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutthefootballgame?---Oh,that’s____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whichIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited11.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Ican'tremember

____.A.where B.thereC.whichD.that12.Youcanonlybesureof_____youhave

atpresent;youcannotbesureof

something_____youmightgetinthe

future.A.that;what B.what;/C.which;that D./;thatJanesaysshedoesn’tunderstand(7)______theyaresonarrow-minded〔心胸狭窄的〕,butitdoesn’tmatter(8)______otherpeoplethinkofhertobe.Shejustwantstodo(9)______shethinksisright.Ithinkthatis(10)______themeaningoflifelies.〔我认为那就是生命意义之所在。〕whywhatwhatwhere15.Heisquitestrange，foreverythinghedoesisoppositeto____isconsiderednormalbehavior.A.whether B.that C.what D.which13.Parentsaretaughttounderstand____importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.A.that B.howC.suchD.so

14._____IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A.That B.Which C.Whether D.WhatCooperationinwritingIPleasefinishthefollowingpassageaboutawriterJane,choosingwordsfromthat,if,whether,what,which,who,whom,whose,

andwhen,where,why,how.Everyoneknows(1)______Janeisawriter,butnooneknowswhereshecomesfromand(2)_________shewasbornin1961isstillamystery.(3)______theyknowis(4)______sheislovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpsanyone(5)______lacksmoney〔缺钱〕.Janeisgenerous〔慷慨的〕andhelpful,butsomepeopleholdaview(6)_______sheisseekingfame〔追求名利〕.thatwhetherWhatthatwhothatCooperationinwritingIIPleasefinishthefollowingpassage,choosingwordsfromthat,if,whether,what.Idon’tknow(1)_____________youhavenoticedthatsomestudentsdon’twanttowalktoschool.Itcanbeseeneveryday(2)______theirparentsdrivethemtoschool.Butnowadays,(3)_____weshouldrealizeis(4)_____theairisseriouslypolluted.Doyouknow(5)_______wecandoaboutit?Ithinkitimportant(6)_______weshouldtakeactionrightnow.whether/ifthatwhatthatwhatthatHereIhaveasuggestion(7)______werideonourbikestoschool!(8)______wecandoitwillnotonlyhavesignificantbenefitsforourhealth,butalsohelpimproveourenvironment.(9)_________wewillhaveabetterenvironmentdependson(10)_______wecandoforourselvesandfornature.thatThatWhetherwhatAtest！名词从句与定语从句的一些对应：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.2.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.________Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.___________breaksthelawistobepunished.

all

thatAll

thatAnyone

whoanyone

who4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoever

needsifmost.Hewillgivethedictionaryto___________needsitmost.5.We’llrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.We’llremember________________weturnedtoforhelp.6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo______________hewantsthemtodo.anyone

(whom)anything

thatWhatever(＝Nomatterwhat)youmaythink，I’mgoingaheadwithmyplans.Takewhateveryouneedandleavemealone.preparatorysubjectitModule3Unit2GrammarandUsage形式主语itThatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.有时为了使句子结构平衡，防止“头重脚轻”，可用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。Itdependsontheweatherwhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.他们今天逛不逛街取决于天气。(dependon)

1)It+be+名词/词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.it作形式主语的四个主要句型2)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.4)It+不及物动词(seem,happen等)+that从句ItseemedthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itturnedoutthat... 结果是…Ithasbeenprovedthat... 已经证明…Itiswell-knownthat... 众所周知…Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出…Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.It’spossible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的/必要的/很清楚的是……It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens…that…显然、明显、碰巧…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonsaying…that…〔俗话说〕形式宾语it如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，那么必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.Ithoughtitimpossiblethathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohours.Heleftittomyjudgmentwhetherweshouldcontinuethisproject.将“Itis/was…that…”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是强调句,否那么是that引导的主语从句。如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItwasJohnthatbrokethewindow.it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用①.Itissuggested/advised

/proposed/recommended/ordered

/desired

/

requested…that+(should)+V原形②.Itisnecessary/essential/important/natural/desirable/advisable/strange/surprising…that+

(should)+V原形

③.Itisapity/ashame/nowonder…that+(should)+V原形Itisdesiredthatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.Itisnecessarythatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapitythatyoushouldbe

socareless.

2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用在以下动词后接的宾语从句中,谓语动词用〔should〕+V原形。

记住以下口诀：1坚持：insist(坚持要求)2命令：command,order4建议：suggest(建议),advise,propose,recommend4要求：require,desire,request,demandHedemandedthatwe(should)arriveontime.Werequiredthatthework(should)bedonerightnow.补充：suggest当表示“暗示、说明”讲时，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时，应用陈述语气。Wesuggestedthatthemeeting______________________________(putoff).Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_______(be)ill.Theyinsistedthattheboy_____________(go)withthem.Themaninsistedthathe________________(notsteal)themoney.Themaninprisoninsistedthathe__________(do)nothingwrongand__________________(setfree).(should)beputoffwas(should)gohadn’tstolenhaddoneshouldbesetfree3.

虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用order/suggestion/advice/proposal/

recommendation/requirement/request/demand等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语要用“(should)＋动词原形”。Myadviceisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Weallagreetohissuggestionthatwe(should)startearly.HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)

becalmnow.Itwassuggestedthatmoreteachersshouldbesenttheretohelpthem.Tominsistedthathisleadershipberecognizedbyalltheboys.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.Thesmileonhisfacesuggested

thathehadpassedtheexamination.Mysuggestionisthatwe〔should〕startearlytomorrow.Thisisouronlyrequest

thatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.

Thegeneralgavetheorder

that

thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatonce.Bob’sdoctorsuggeststhathe(should)restforafewdays.Hersuggestionwasthatthey(should)carryontheirconversationinFrench.其它问题主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数。what引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数。Whatheneedsisthatbook.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.Whatweneed

arebooks/iswater.Whenandwherewe’llgo

isn’tdecided.doubt&besure后接宾语从句doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否认结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否认句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。Wedoubtwhether/ifhecanwinthegame.

Idon’tdoubt/amsurethathewillwinthegame.Testyourselves!1.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.why2._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.ThepersonC.Whoever D.Who3.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____Idisagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how4.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand_____theyinsistongoingbymotorbike.A.why B.whether C.when D.how5.Itlooks_____heisunhappytoday.A.thatB.if C.asif D.whether6.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_____Icantosavethem.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever7.Theoldwomanwasshockedby_____hadhappenedtoherdaughter.A.whom B.whichC.that D.what8.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.either B.that C.weather D.whether9.

Wedon'tknow_____theydidit.A.how B.who C.what D.which10.Theteacherasksus_____Jimcancomebackontime.A.that B.if C.whenD.whattime11.Doesanybodyknow_____ornotwewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekend.A.if B.where C.whether D.that12.Pleasetellme_____.A.whatdoeshelike B.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikes D.whathelike13.Couldyoushowme_____?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation14.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_____.A.whoishe B.whoheisC.whoisit D.whoitis15.Couldyoutellmehowlong_____?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina16.Hesaysthatifit_____tomorrow,he_____fishing.A.willrain;won'tgo B.rained;wasn'tgoC.r