高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题一 阅读理解 第二讲 推理判断题针对训练-人教版高三英语试题

推理判断题(一)A(2015·山东潍坊市高三一模)Canyouimagineaworldwithoutchocolate？It’snotsomethingI’dliketodo，soIwasrelievedtoreadthatthere’sauniversitywithaprogrammetosafeguardthefutureofchocolate!TheUniversityofReading，inEngland，hasjustopenedanewclearinghouseforalltheworld’snewcocoavarieties.Theymustbequarantined(进行检疫)beforetheycanbegrown.Why？Cocoaproductionhitarecordhighof4.4milliontonslastyearbutabout30%ofthepreciouscropisregularlylosttopestsanddiseases.Nowwedon’twantthat，dowe?Demandforchocolatehasbeenincreasingfasterthantheworldsupplyofcocoaandresearchersthinkthatnewvarietiesarekeytosolvingthisproblem.TheUniversityofReadinghasbeenprotectingthequalityofthenewcropsince1985，afterittookoverthetaskfromtheRoyalBotanicalGardensinKew，London.Andithasimproveditsfacilities.Theleaderoftheinstitution’scocoaproject，ProfessorPaulHadley，says，“Oneofthemainissuesconcerningcocoaimprovementisthesupplyofreliablyclean，healthy，interestingcocoamaterial.”Thecocoacentrehasacollectionof400plantvarietiesandtheirgreenhouseusesalotofenergytokeepthemintropicalconditions.Afteruptotwoyearsinquarantine，cleanandsafeseedsaresenttosome20countries，includingseveralinWestAfrica.That’swhere75%ofthecocoausedforchocolateworldwidecomesfrom.Thecropisextremelyimportantforthelocaleconomy：itemploysabouttwomillionpeople.ProfessorPaulHadleysaysheworkswithasmallteamofskilledtechnicianswholookafterthecollection.Andmoreofusseemtocountonthemnow.Thescientistsays，“Thereissomeconcernwithintheindustrythatdemandisincreasingconstantly，particularlyincountrieslikeChina，wherethestandardoflivingisincreasingandpeoplearegettingatastefordifferentchocolates.”【解题导语】本文主要介绍了英国一项保护可可种子的项目。1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Safeguardingcocoaseeds.B．Plantingcocoaseedsworldwide.C．Keepingcocoaseedsingreenhouse.D．Findingthenewmarketforcocoa.解析：选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段的第二句“It’snotsomethingI’dliketodo，soIwasrelievedtoreadthatthere’sauniversitywithaprogrammetosafeguardthefutureofchocolate”及第五段中的“cleanandsafeseeds”可知，本文主要讲的是英国保护可可种子的项目，即A项正确。2．Theinstitution’scocoaprojectisto________．A．havecocoaskinremovedB．offermorejobstopeopleC．ensurethequalityofcocoaD．supplycocoafortwomillionpeople解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“Theleaderoftheinstitution’scocoaproject，ProfessorPaulHadley，says，‘Oneofthemainissuesconcerningcocoaimprovementisthesupplyofreliablyclean，healthy，interestingcocoamaterial.’”可知，这个机构是要确保可可粉的质量，即C项正确。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?A．Thetasteofchocolatesischanging.B．Demandforcocoaisincreasingcontinually.C．Peopleareconcernedaboutcocoavarieties.D．Chinesehavealonghistoryofeatingchocolates.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的关键词“demandisincreasingconstantly”可知，本段主要讲可可需求的不断增长，即B项正确。4．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Toeducate. B．Toadvertise.C．Towarn. D．Toinform.解析：选D。写作意图题。文章第一段点题，结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了英国保护可可种子的项目，属于向读者传递信息的类型，即D项正确。B(2015·江西南昌市一模)Eveniftreescannotwalk，theyarestillonthemove.InpartsoftheArctic，entireforestsaremovingnorthward.AcrosstheArctic，temperaturesarerisingfasterthananywhereelseintheworld.Asthathappens，thetreelinethatmarkswhereforestsstopandthetreelesstundra(冻原)startshasbeenshiftingnorthward.Treesgrowingalongthetreelinemustprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind.Todothis，plantstendtogrowhorizontal(水平的)brancheslowtotheground.Theenergyittakesfortreestogrowthiswaymeanstheydon’thaveenoughenergytomakeseeds.ButasEarth’sclimatehasbeenwarming，treesnolongerhavetojustgrowhorizontally.Manycaninsteadgrowuptowardthesky.Thistakeslessenergy.Andwithallthatleftoverenergy，thesetreeshavestartedproducingmoreseeds.Thishappensespeciallyinplaceswherewhitespruce(白云杉)grows.Whitespruce，whichisaNorthAmericantree，isquiteabletoproducealotofseeds，whichcanmovelongdistancesinthewind.Whenwind­blownseedsenduponthetundrabeyondthetreeline，theyeventuallycansprout(发芽)newtrees.Thisexplainshowaforestcanmove.Ofcourse，theprocesswouldworkonlyifthetundrawerewarmenough.Butinrecentyears，thewholeplanethasbeenwarming.Newtreeswillprovidesheltersforsomesnow.Keepingthesun’sraysfrommakingthewhitesurfacedisappear.Instead，thetreesabsorbthesun’sheat.Thiswarmsthesurroundingair.Theextrawarmthencouragesevenmoretreestoproduceseeds.Thatfurtherboostsaforest’sabilitytoexpand.Inaddition，moretreeswilltrapmoresnow，preventingmuchofitfrombeingblownaway.Snowcantrapheatinthesoilbelow，whichencouragestreestogrow.Therecentriseoftemperatureshashelpedmoretreesgrowpastthetreeline.Peopleworryaboutimpactsontheanimalsthatdependonfrozenconditionsforfoodandshelter.【解题导语】本文是一篇科研报告，主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。5．WhatisthemaincauseofthetreesintheArcticmovingnorthward?A．Theshrinkingofnortherntundra.B．Therisingtemperature.C．Thefierceandcoldwind.D．Theabundantresourcesinthenorth.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“AcrosstheArctic,temperaturesarerisingfasterthananywhereelseintheworld”以及本段的整体内容可知，不断上升的气温是北极圈树木北移的主要原因，即B项正确。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2mean?A．Toproducemoreseeds.B．Tomovenorthward.C．Torespondtotheclimatechange.D．Toprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind.解析：选D。代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Treesgrowingalongthetreelinemustprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind”可知，画线词this指代的是本句中的“protectthemselvesfromthecoldwind”，即D项正确。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Newtreescantrapthesnow，whichmaymakethesoilcolder.B．Thetrappedsnowpreventsnewtreesfromproducingmoreseeds.C．Newtreescanmakethesurroundingairwarmer.D．Newtreescanbringmorefoodandshelterforlocalanimals.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Newtreeswillprovidesheltersforsomesnow.Keepingthesun’sraysfrommakingthewhitesurfacedisappear.Instead，thetreesabsorbthesun’sheat.Thiswarmsthesurroundingair”可推知，新树会让周围的空气更加温暖，即C项正确。8．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________．A．asciencereportB．ahealthreportC．afashionmagazineD．achildren’smagazine解析：选A。文章出处题。根据文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要研究的是气候变暖对北极圈植物的影响，故该文应选自科研报告，即A项正确。C(2016·河北七校高三联合考试)Highheels，coffeecupsanddogshavebeenregardedasthreeofthemostdangerousthingstohaveinacar.Whilemenwereresponsibleforthegreaternumberofaccidentsreported，womenplayedtheirpartbydrivinginhighheels.Puttingfashionoverfunctionmeant44percentoffemalemotoristshadbeenpreventedfromusingthepedalscorrectlybytheirhighheels.Beingkeenonacaffeinekickwhiledrivingcanalsocreateanaccidentiftheyleaveemptycoffeecupslyingaroundtheirvehicles.Twentypercentofthosesurveyedadmittedtheyhadcrashedtheircarsorhadanearmissafteradesertedcoffeecuporanemptydrinkbottlerolledundertheirbrakepedals.However，itisnotjustwearingandeatingthatcauseathreatfrominsidethecar;man’sbestfriendcouldalsocauseacatastropheifnotsafelysecured.Oneineightmotoristsclaimedtohavehadascrape(擦伤)ormissontheroadduetotheirdogs’wanderingfreely，climbingintothefrontseatortryingtoescapethroughthewindows.Theaccidentsmeantdriverstooktheireyesofftheroadformorethanthreesecondseachtime，accordingtothepollof2，000Britishmotorists.Thesurveyhasfounddriverswillpickupanaveragebillof￡261.47forthedamagecausedbyeverycrash.LondonerswerethemostatriskofanaccidentcloselyfollowedbymotoristsintheWestMidlandsandWales.JanetConnor，amanagingdirector，saidmanyaccidentscouldbeavoidedifpeoplecleanedtheircarsregularly，asoneintendriversinvolvedincrashesadmittedtodrivinginsideamountainofwastematerials.Shesaid，“Thepossibledangersanddistractionsoutsidethecararewell­knownbutastheevidencesuggests，thosewithinthecarareoftenforgotten.”【解题导语】本文介绍了开车时最危险的三种东西：高跟鞋、咖啡杯以及狗，并告诉我们在开车时应该多关注这些危险的东西。9．Whatmistakedowomendriversmostprobablymakewhiledriving?A．Theywearexpensiveclothes.B．Theywearshoeswithhighheels.C．Theydrinktoomuchcoffeeincars.D．Theytaketheirdogswithouttyingthem.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“womenplayedtheirpartbydrivinginhighheels”可知，女性驾车所犯的错误是穿高跟鞋，故选B项。10．Thosewholikedrinkingcoffeeoftenhaveaccidentsbecause________．A．thecoffeemaymakethemfeelfaintB．thecoffeemaymakethecarsmellterribleC．emptycoffeecupsmaymakethebrakefailD．desertedbottleslookthesameasbrakepedals解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Twentypercentofthosesurveyedadmittedtheyhadcrashedtheircarsorhadanearmissafteradesertedcoffeecuporanemptybottlerolledundertheirbrakepedals”可推知，空的咖啡杯可能造成刹车失灵，故选C项。11．Whyshouldn’tdriversputtheirdogsinthecarwhiledriving?A．Dogsmaybarkloudlyifseeingtrafficlights.B．Dogsmaywalkaroundoreventrytoescape.C．Dogsmaybreakthewindowstogetfreshair.D．Dogsmaymaketheinsideofthecardirty.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Oneineightmotoristsclaimedtohavehadascrape(擦伤)ormissontheroadduetotheirdogs’wanderingfreely，climbingintothefrontseatortryingtoescapethroughthewindows”可知，狗可能到处走动或从窗户逃跑，故选B项。12．Wecanmainlylearnfromthepassagethat________．A．peopleoftenneglectthedangersoutsidethecarB．accidentswillbeavoidedifcarsarecleanedregularlyC．dangerswithinthecarshouldbegivenmoreattentiontoD．only10%ofthedriversremembertokeeptheircarsclean解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thepossibledangersanddistractionsoutsidethecararewell­knownbutastheevidencesuggests，thosewithinthecarareoftenforgotten”可推知，车内的这些潜在的危险和使人分心的事情也是事故发生的原因，但是经常被人们忘记，所以需要我们给予更多的关注，故选C项。(二)A(2016·河北唐山市高三统一考试)Hybridcars(混合动力车)arecarsthatrunonpetrolandelectricity.Theyhaveasmallstandardpetrolengineandabattery(电池)electricmotortoprovideelectricpower.Therearesomedifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsofhybridcars，butthegeneralprincipleisthatthecarrunsonpetrol，andtheelectricmotorkicksinwhenadditionalpowerisrequired，forexample，whengoinguphilloraccelerating.Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded，forexamplewhenthecarhasstoppedattrafficlights，keepingonlytheelectricenginerunning.Conventionalcarshavelargeenginestodealwithdrivinguphillandaccelerating.Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines，improvedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded，sotheyuselesspetrol.Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof“regenerative(再生的)braking”．Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar，ratherthanconventionalbrakes.Theenergyproducedbyslowingthecarischangedintoelectricalpower，whichisautomaticallystoredinthebattery.Ineffect，thebatteryrechargeswhenyoubrake.Inconventionalcarstheenergyproducedwhenbrakingiswasted.In1928，FerdinandPorschebuiltanexperimentalhybridcar.Thefirstmass­producedhybridcar，theToyotaPrius，cameoutinJapanattheendof1997.However，hybridcarsbecameavailable—intheUSAonlyin1999.Astheyuselessfuel，hybridcarsarecheapertorun.Therearealsomanyvoicesinplacetoencouragepeopletobuythem.Insomecountries，hybridcarownerspayalowerrateoftax，anddon’thavetopayoncertainroads.Insomecities，hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree.【解题导语】文章介绍了以汽油和电为动力的混合动力车，它是一种节约能源的汽车。1．Hybridcarsconsumelessenergythanconventionalcarsbecausehybridcars________．A．havelargeenginestodealwithacceleratingB．haveconventionalbrakestoslowdownthecarC．havenoenergyconsumptionwhenstoppingD．haveelectricpowertoassistwhenneeded解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句“Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines，improvedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded，sotheyuselesspetrol”可知，混合动力车必要时有电力支持，所以消耗较少的能源。2．Inregenerativebraking，________．A．theconventionalbrakesareusedtoslowdownthecarB．energywastedinconventionalcarsisstoredinthebatteryC．thebatterychargesitselfwhenthecarisacceleratingD．thepetrolengineisusuallyturnedoffautomatically解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，混合动力车用电动马达减速而不是用传统的刹车，电动马达降低车速时产生的电能会被自动储存在电池里，而传统汽车浪费了刹车时产生的能量，由此可知B项表述正确。3．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthathybridcars________．A．willgainmorepopularityB．werefirstavailableintheUSAC．freetheirownersfromtaxD．arefreetoparkanywhereinthecity解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Astheyuselessfuel，hybridcars...forfree”可推知，使用混合动力车有很多好处，所以混合动力车会很受欢迎。4．Themainpurposeofthistextisto________．A．showhowhybridcarsslowdownB．encouragepeopletobuyhybridcarsC．informpeopleofakindofenergy­savingcarD．explainwhyhybridcarsuselessenergy解析：选C。写作意图题。该文主要介绍了一种节约能源的车——混合动力车，应选择C。B(2015·河南郑州市第二次质检)Beautyisonlyskindeep.Thisexpressionmeansthatbeautyisonlyatemporarysurfacequality.Somebeautyproductscancauselastingdamagethatgoesfarbelowthesurfaceoftheskin.InAmerica，manypeopleusesunlightandnon­naturallighttodarkentheirskin.Healthexpertsadvisepeopleagainstwhatiscalled“tanning”becauseofitslinkstoskincancer.IntheAfricancountryofSenegal(塞内加尔)，somewomentakehealthriskstryingtodojustthe_opposite．AnaveragebeautysupplyshopinDakarhasmanykindsofskin­lighteningcreamsandsoaps.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthat25%ofSenegalesewomenuseskin­lighteningproductsonausualbasis.Theseproductscancontainchemicals，likemercury(汞)，hydroquinone(对苯二酚)，etc.Thesearedangerousingredientsthatcancausecancerandpossiblyotherphysicaldamagetotheskin.Theycanactuallyburntheeyesandskin.ShopworkerAdamaDiagneadviseshervisitorstoavoidthestrongerproductsthatpromisefastresults.Sheusesacreamthatismadefromcarrots，notthestrongchemical，hydroquinone.Shesaysthatitisapersonalchoiceandthatnoonepressuresher.Somewomenwanttobeblackeveryday，butforher，shelikestobeashadeofbrown.WomeninSenegalsaytheylightentheirskinforthesamereasonthatwomenallovertheworldmakechangestotheirappearance.Theysaytheywanttolookbeautiful，tofindahusband，tostandoutinacrowdorsimplytolookgreatforaspecialevent.ThisthinkingtroublesSenegalesefilm­makerKhardiataPouyeSall.So，shemade“ThisColorThatBothersMe”，afilmaboutthesubjectofskinlightening.Shesaid，“Iusedthemostshockingimagessothatwomenwouldseethedangers.Itishardtounderstandwhyawomansaysthatdarkskinisnotbeautiful.Itisintheirheads.Theywanttopleaseaman，tobelovedortheywanttopleasesociety，tosucceed.”Ms.Sallsaysthatthegovernmentneedstobettercontrolthemarketingandthesaleofskin­lighteningproducts.Butsheaddsthateducationisthebestwaytopersuadepeopleagainstusingthem.【解题导语】塞内加尔的女性为了美使用一些化学产品带来了极大的危害。5．Theunderlinedpart“theopposite”inParagraph2meanssomeSenegalesewomen________．A．usesunlighttodarkenskinB．trycreamstopreventskincancerC．useproductstolightentheirskinD．takehealthriskstobecomebeautiful解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句“InAmerica，manypeopleusesunlightandnon­naturallighttodarkentheirskin”可推知，塞内加尔的一些女性正好和美国人相反，与“darkentheirskin”相反，故C项正确。6．AccordingtoAdamaDiagne，womenshouldn’tbelieve________．A．beautyisjustapersonalchoiceB．acreamfromcarrotsishealthierC．itisbeautifultobeblackeverydayD．aproductcanmakeyoubeautifulquickly解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“ShopworkerAdamaDiagneadviseshervisitorstoavoidthestrongerproductsthatpromisefastresults”可知，AdamaDiagne不赞同人们用快速见效的美容产品，即D项正确。7．WecaninferthatwomeninSenegal________．A．attractattentionwithshockingimagesB．don’tconsiderdarkskintobebeautifulC．findithardtounderstandthetruebeautyD．putbeautyinthefirstplaceintheirheads解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第六段的“Itishardtounderstandwhyawomansaysthatdarkskinisnotbeautiful”可推知，塞内加尔的女性并不认为黑皮肤是漂亮的，即B项正确。8．WhatisMs.Sall’sattitudetowardsskin­lighteningproducts?A．Unsupportive. B．Casual.C．Responsible. D．Positive.解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第六段的“Iusedthemostshockingimagessothatwomenwouldseethedangers”以及最后一段的内容可推知，Ms.Sall对亮肤的产品持不赞成的态度，即A项正确。C(2016·辽宁沈阳市第一次教学质量检测)Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%，accordingtonewUCLresearchcarriedoutaspartofthePublicHealthResearchCentre.Thestudy，publishedinJAMAPsychiatry，foundatwo­wayrelationshipbetweendepressionandphysicalactivity.Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptomsbutthosewithmoredepressivesymptomswerelessactive，particularlyatyoungerages.Researchersfollowed11，135peoplebornin1958upuntiltheageof50，recordingdepressivesymptomsandlevelsofphysicalactivityatregularintervalsinadulthood.Theyfoundthateachadditionalactivityperiodperweekreducedoddsofdepressionby6%.InEngland19%ofmenand26%ofwomenarecurrentlyclassedas“inactive”，andthisstudysuggeststhatactivitycouldsignificantlyimprovetheirmentalaswellasphysicalhealth.“Assumingtheassociationiscausal，physicalactivityhasaprotectiveeffectagainstdepression.Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisn’tphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweek，hewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%，”saidDrSnehaloftheUCLInstituteofChildHealth，leadauthorofthestudy.ProfessorMark，DirectorofthePublicHealthResearchCentre，said：“Manypeoplearealreadyawareofthebenefitsofphysi