专题3.4(下)语法填空之动词(时态语态及主谓一致非谓语)新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破(原卷)

专题3.4(下)语法填空之动词(时态语态及主谓一致、非谓语)2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破以上栏目见专题3.4(上)语法填空之动词(时态语态及主谓一致、非谓语)总体技巧：提示词如为动词，那么考生就要通过“一定三思”破解“动词”题。首先是“一定”：分析句子结构，定夺空格处是否作谓语；其次是“三思”：如果作谓语，就需要思考恰当的时态和语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气；如果不作谓语，就需要思考是否填非谓语动词(填空所在句中已经有谓语并且没有连词时，应填非谓语。填非谓语动词就需要思考是填不定式<有式的变化>、动词ing形式<有式的变化>还是过去分词)；如果既不作谓语成分，又不是非谓语动词，就需要思考是否为词类转换(包括现在分词、过去分词转换而成的形容词)，并根据上下文语境确定词类转换的类型(参看本系列资料专题3.3语法填空之实词词性/形转换)。具体技巧一：“依、托、析”解动词时态语态、主谓一致题。一、依“线索”，定时态1.依据上下文中明确的时间状语或时间标志词来定时态；2.依据语境，挖掘其隐含信息，弄清时间的先后顺序，确定动作是发生在过去、现在还是将来，进而定时态；3依据固定句型(参看专题3.4<上>中的有关内容)确定所要用的时态。二、托“关系”，定语态依托主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态。被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外，还有特殊用法，如主动形式表被动含义。三、析“主语”，定“一致”分析填空所在句的主语是什么，甄别这个主语所表示的意义是单数还是复数，依据三大原则定主谓一致。具体技巧二：“寻、析、依”解非谓语动词题。一、寻“主语”，定功能这里的“主语”不是指语法意义上的主语，而是指逻辑意义上的主语，即填空处所要填的非谓语动词的逻辑主语。根据这个逻辑主语与所要填的非谓语动词之间的关系来定所要填的非谓语动词在句中的功能。1.如果填空处所要填的非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，一般考查非谓语动词作状语、表语(尤其是习惯搭配中的现在分词或过去分词)或宾语(动词不定式或动名词<包括作介词宾语的动名词>)；2.如果填空处所要填的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被其所修饰的名词或代词，一般考查非谓语动词作定语；3.如果填空处所要填的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是作宾语的名词或代词，一般考查非谓语动词作宾补；4.如果填空处所要填的非谓语动词的逻辑主语要通过句意来判断，一般考查非谓语动词主语或宾语。二、析“关系”，定语态分析填空处所要填的非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系确定所要填的非谓语动词语态(是主动的还是被动的)。三、依“时间”，定形式依据填空处所要填的非谓语动词自带的时间状语或是根据填空处所要填的非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示的动作的先后关系来正确形式。另外特别提醒的是：1.注意现在分词与过去分词的拼写形式要正确；2.注意非谓语动词用法的特殊情况。如：主动形式表被动的情况，常见的已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词(短语)等；3.警惕陷阱题，防止知识负迁移情况的发生：看似熟悉的句子结构，进而用规则去套就会套出错误来。对此类题目考生一定要厘清句子结构再解题。①Theemailshehadlookedforwardto________(arrive)theotherdayatlast.②Thepollutionisgettingworseandworse;wemuststoppollution________(live)abetterlife.③Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.1.(2023·全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)___61___(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.2.(2023·全国甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,___65___(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyageoldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage___66___(intend)foreveryone.3.(2023·全国甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill___70___(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.4.(2023·全国乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully___62___(build)systemofringroads.5.(2023·全国乙卷)___66___(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I___67___(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.6.(2023·全国乙卷)Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___68___(record)everythingIdiscovered.7.(2023·全国乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,___70___(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.8.(2022·全国甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___61___(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.9.(2022·全国甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears.Cao___67___(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.10.(2022·全国甲卷)Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,___70___(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.11.(2022·全国乙卷)ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___63___(address)theopeningceremony.12.(2022·全国乙卷)Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha___66___(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.13.(2022·全国乙卷)___68___(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,___69___(invite)twentynineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirtysixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.14.(2021·全国甲卷)It___61___(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修复).15.(2021·全国甲卷)Itispossible___63___(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.16.(2021·全国甲卷)After___64___(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!17.(2021·全国甲卷)We___66___(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.18.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourismismonlyregardedaslowimpact(影响)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee___61___(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristicsandoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopmentofthelocalareas.19.(2021·全国乙卷)Minimizetheimpactof___67___(visit)theplace.20.(2021·全国乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andacmodationsaim___70___(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.说明：为了突出本专题的重点，笔者对所选的部分试题进行了改编。1(2024上·广东深圳高三统考期末)It’saraceagainsttime.GenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademyworkedhard___56___(preserve)theartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蚀)bysandandwind.Overthepastthreedecades,theteammembers___57___(restore)the45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁画)andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof___58___lastsforaboutathousandyears“Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,___59___(be)topromotethegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,”saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.Therestorersshouldrespecttheoriginalworkwhile___60___(repair)it.Whentheyfindsomepartsofmuralsmissingorfadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreate___61___“perfect”appearanceinrestoration“Culturalrelicsare___62___(witness)ofhistory,”explainsSu“Whenyouseekthesocalledperfectlook___63___artisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning.”Caveconservationisaboutsolvingproblems___64___(continuous).Itisalongtermprocess,overamuchwidertimespanthat___65___(go)beyondourlifetimes.Butatleast,theycankeepthecurrentlookofthemuralsforaslongaspossible.2(2024上·山东聊城高三统考期末)AssoonastheweathergetscoldinnorthernChina,you’llseealotofvendorssellingadelicioustraditionaldelicacy—BingTangHuLu,orTanghulu___56___short.Thissnack,whichoriginatedinBeijingandTianjin,traditionally___57___(consist)ofhawthornfruitcoatedinhardcandy___58___skewered(串住)onabamboostick.Thestorybeginswith___59___beautifulChinesewoman.Thefavoriteconcubine(妃子)oftheSongEmperorGuangzong(11471200)fellseriouslyill.Nocourtdoctorwasabletocureher.___60___(help),theemperorissuedanappealfordoctorsfromamongtheordinarypeopletoeforwardtohelp.Acountrydoctorremendedeatingredhawthornfruitsfriedinbrownsugar,whichturnedouttobeeffective.Thus,sugarcoatedhawthornfruitbecamethefavoritesugarysnackoftheChineseimperialfamily,andcourtchefswereassigned___60___(supply)itonaregularbasis.After___62___(reserve)forthenobilityduringthelastimperialdynasty,thestickydelicacy___63___(bee)widelypopularamongordinarypeopleinmorerecenttimes.Theroundandredfruitswereseenasgoodluck,___64___(symbolize)togetherness.Withtime,it___65___(believe)thatthesnackbroughtgoodluckandwealth,henceitspopularityatfamilycelebrationsandlargemeals.So,whatcouldpossiblystopyoufromgivingitatry?3(2024·云南曲靖校联考一模)China’sfirstdomesticallymadepassengerjet(喷气式飞机)___56___(fly)itsfirstsuccessfulmercialflightonSunday,___57___(mark)amilestoneinthenation’sdecadeslongefforttopetewithindustrygiantssuchasBoeingandAirbusintheglobalaircraftmarket.TheC919plane,carryingabout130passengersontheflight,wasbuiltbythemercialAircraftCorporationofChina(AC).___58___(operate)bystateownedChinaEasternAirlines,thejettook___59___onSundaymorningfromShanghaiHongqiaoAirportandlandedlessthantwohourslaterinBeijing.Passengersreceivedspecialredboardingpasses___60___enjoyedathemedmealtomemoratetheflight.“I’mconfidentabouttheplane.Theflightwassmootherthan___61___(expect),”oneofthepassengerssaid.TheflightesasACseeks___62___(break)intothejetmarketinadirectchallengetoAirbusandBoeing.Airbus’sA320andBoeing’sB737jetsarethemostpopularaircrafttypically___63___(use)ondomesticandregionalroutes.TheC919,___64___hadbeenindevelopmentfor16years,hasamaximumrangeofabout5,630kilometersandisdesignedtocarrybetween158and168passengers.Itmadeitsfirstflightin2017and___65___(conduct)numeroustestflightsbeforeSunday’sfirstmercialflight.Thepanyplanstobuild150C919planeseachyearinthenextfiveyears.Over1,200C919jetshavebeenordered,ACsays.4(2024·广东华南师大附中校考模拟预测)Consideredas“oneofthebestever”,the19thAsianGamesinHangzhouhasbeenhighlypraised.“Technically,we___56___(have)oneofthebestAsianGamesever,”saidVinodKumarTiwari,actingdirectorgeneraloftheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA).“Wehaveabout12,000athletesparticipatingintheGames.Thenumberofofficialsandthetechnicalofficials___57___(be)4,975and4,700,respectively,andover12,000mediapersonnelhaveattended.”Tiwarisaid.Atotalof478goldmedalshavebeenproducedinvariousevents,___58___saw15worldrecordsbroken,28Asianrecords___59___(renew),and150AsianGamesrecordsbettered,accordingtoXuDeqing,chiefspokespersonoftheHangzhouAsianGames.“We___60___(achieve)themostsuccessfulAsianGamesinhistorybyfar,”saidChenWeiqiang,executivesecretarygeneraloftheorganizingmittee.“ThiseditionoftheAsiad___61___(integrate)Hangzhou’srichhistoricalheritage,surging___62___(innovate),vitalityanddistinctvaluepursuitintovariousaspects.”Chensaid,“theAsiadhasalsoperfectlybinedart___63___technology,andithasshowcasedthebeautyofHangzhou’slandscapesandtechnologicalconfidencetotheworld.”WeiJizhong,honorarylifevicepresidentoftheOCA,said,“MorethanthreemillionticketshadbeensoldasofSaturday,___64___(generate)morethan600millionyuan($82.5million)inrevenue.Wedon’trankGamesagainstoneanotheronwhichwasthebest.___65___,intermsoftheGamesinChina,Igiveitamarkof100.”5(2024上·辽宁高三朝阳市一高联考期末)NewYearpicturesareanancientChinesefolkart.___56___(date)fromtheSongDynasty,theyreflectthecustomsandbeliefsofthepeople.NewYearpictures,astheirnamesuggests,___57___(create)especiallytocelebratetheLunarNewYearholiday.Thecustomispopularwiththepeopleinthecountryside,___58___willbebusycleaningthewholehouseandsticking___59___(vary)picturesontheirdoors,windows,walls,andstovesattheSpringFestival.Theyareoften___60___(update)annually,meaning“saygoodbyetothepastandwelethefuture”.TraditionalNewYearpictures,famousforsimplelines,brilliantcolorsandscenesofprosperity,havethefeaturesofbothwoodcutprintsandChinesepaintings,___61___(make)aspecialbranchintraditionalfolkart.NewYearpicturesareproducedinallregionsinChinawithdifferentlocalcharacteristics___62___(meet)thespecificneedsofthevastruralpopulation.Besides,viewed___63___thesymbolofgoodluckandhappiness,NewYearpicturescover___64___widerangeofthemes,butthemessageinallpicturesisrelatedtonicethingsinthewishofthepeople.TherearemoreandmorenewmaterialsforNewYearpictures.Meanwhile,NewYearpictures___65___(bee)ahotcollectors’itemforbothChineseandforeignersinrecentyears.6(2024上·江西上饶高三阶段练)InaspeciallydesignedstudiotheaterinHangzhou,NewDragonGateInn,atraditionalShaoxingOperaperformance___56___(bring)tolife.Recreatedfromthe1992filmofthesamename,theoperapresentationshowsamazingartisticperformance,successfullyattractingtheinterestofyounger___57___(generation)bymixingtraditionalChineseoperawithmoderntheatermodelsanddramatic(戏剧性的)ideas.___58___(pare)withtraditionalstages,thetheaterisdesignedasaninn,___59___theaudiencesbeingguests.Theaudiencesitsveryclosetotheactorsandactresses,offeringthem___60___uniqueandfascinatingviewingexperience.Uponleavingthetheater,theseaudiencemembersfeelasenseofsatisfactionthatdrivesthemtowillinglyshareshortclipsoftheperformanceonline,___61___(promote)itspopularity.Astheplaygainspopularityinthepastweeks,ChenLijun,___62___playstheimportantsupportingroleofJiaTing,___63___(bee)asocialmediahit.Shesaidthisshowrepresentsoneofthe___64___(challenge)skillsintheoperaworld.Ittestsnotonlythephysicalstrengths,vocalskills,and___65___(act)abilitiesofactorsandactressesbuttheirwillpoweranddetermination.7(2024上·河北张家口高三统考期末)LocatedintheYangtzeRiverBasin,thearchaeological(考古的)ruinsofLiangzhudatebackto3,300~2,300BC．Theruinsrevealanearlystatewithaunifiedbeliefsystembasedonricecultivation(种植),andthisstate___56___(offer)evidencethattheChinesecivilizationstarted5,000yearsago,1,000yearsearlierthanpreviously___57___(estimate).Theseruinsare___58___outstandingexampleofearlyurbancivilization.ChenMinghui,archaeologistanddirectoroftheLiangzhuWorkstation,hasanawfullytightscheduleeverydayashenotonlyhas___59___(deal)withresearchworkinLiangzhuandLishui,butalsoneedstohelpreviewEnglishversionbooksabouttheLiangzhucivilization,which___60___(release)soon.HavingworkedinLiangzhufor11years,Chenisalways___61___(confidence)thatLiangzhu’s5,000yearhistoryisunquestionableasithasallthenecessaryelementscharacterizinganancientcivilization,whicharealsokeyfactorsthathelpedLiangzhu___62___(list)byUNESCO.“Wemustshareourresearchresultswiththeworld,___63___(let)peoplefromallovertheworldlearnfromandunderstandChina’sLiangzhucivilization,”the35yearoldarchaeologistsaid.___64___Chenhopesistobringculturalrelics(文物)___65___life,detailingalltheexcitingfindingsaboutLiangzhurelatedresearchforpeopleallovertheworld.8(2024·湖南岳阳统考一模)Researchershavebeenapplyingartificialintelligence(AI)tomonitorbiodiversityandenhanceeffortstoprotectsomespeciesfrom___56___(threaten).Unlikeconventionalmethods,AIhasthecapacity___57___(analyze)massiveamountsofdataeffectively.Speciesaredisappearing___58___aratemuchfasterthanthatmillionsofyearsago,withuptoonemillionspeciesontheedgeof___59___(extinct).Inresponse,theUnitedNationssetagoalin2020tosafeguardatleast30%ofEarth’slandandoceans.“Alisimperfect___60___couldpromoteimportantdiscoveries.”saysNicolasMiailhe,ParisbasedfounderoftheFutureSociety,aninternationalnonprofitorganization___61___aimstobettergovernAI.“Webadlyneedhumanpractitionerstodesignmodelsandinterpretdata.”Besidesmonitoringbiodiversityinrealtime,AIcanalsobeusedtomodeltheimpactsofhumanactivitiesonanecosystem.Althoughit___62___(document)thathumanactivitieshaveresultedinbiodiversityloss,littleisknownaboutwhichenvironmentalfactorshave___63___(large)impact.“Longtermstatisticswillplay___64___essentialroleinconnectingchangesinbiodiversitywithenvironmentalchanges.”saysLuisaOrsini,who___65___(study)evolutionarybiosystemsattheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.9(2024·广东茂名统考一模)Recently,Chinesenetizensexpressedamazementatamapfullofdottedsigns.WuYunjieisthemapmaker,whoispassionateaboutculturalrelics.Clearly___56___(mark)thecountry’shistoricsiteswasoncehispursuit,andnowwithperseveranceandmitments___57___(e)thegreatmomenthelooksforwardto.In2020,Wustartedcollectinginformation.Manyhistoricalsitescannot___58___(locate)specificallyandsomeinformationisnotfullydisclosed,for___59___hespentmuchtime