北京市海淀区高三英语上学期期末质量检测试题（含解析）

北京市海淀区2021届高三英语上学期期末质量检测试题（含解析）本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Brittanywashavingoneofthosedayswhenthingsjustkeptgoingwrong.Shewastiredandstressedassheleftfootballpracticewithallthreeofherkids.Witheveryonewornoutfromthebusyday,Brittanydecidedto___1___dinnerfromtheMcDonald’sontheirwayhome.Wyattwastheteenagerworkingtherewhotookher___2___thatday.AsBrittanypulleduptothedrivethroughwindowtopay,allherkidswerecryingforonereasonoranother.Andthat’swhenit___3___Brittany:She’dleftherpurseathome.Shelookedattheyoungmanwithtearsineyesjustfrombeing___4___andannoyedandsaid,“IamsosorrybutIhavetocancelthatorder.Ileftmypurseathomewhenwewenttofootballtonight.”BeforeBrittanycouldsayanything,Wyattpulledouthiswallet,swipedhiscard,andpaidforthemeal.AsateenagerworkingatMcDonald’s,Wyattprobablydoesn’t___5___much.Yet,hefirmlydeclinedallofBrittany’s___6___toreturnandpayhimback.WhileWyatt___7___shruggedoffwhathedid,Brittanyknewthisisjustthekindofhopeourworldneedsrightnow.So,shesnappedaquickphotoandsharedherstoryonsocialmedia.“IjustwanthisparentstoknowhowKIND&PASSIONATEtheirsonwastonight!Hemademerealizethisisexactlywhatweparentsaretryingtodo—___8___greathumans,”shewrote.AfterconnectingwithWyatt’smom,BrittanydiscoveredWyattwassavingupforavehicle.Soshestartedafundraisingcampaignonlinetohelptheteenrealizehisdream.StrangersfromalloverthecountrylovedBrittany’sstory.Thehumbleteenager___9___andencouragedthem.Beforelong,Brittanycollectedover$40,000fromthefundraiser!“Idon’tknowhowtoputitintowordsbecauseofjusthowcrazyitwas,”Wyattsaid.“It’sjustasmallactof____10____andeverythingblewupandit’sjustamazingtothinkthatsomethinglikethatcangetyouthisfar.”1.A.cook B.have C.grab D.serve2.A.place B.word C.order D.bill3.A.hit B.beat C.reminded D.informed4.A.nervous B.grateful C.scared D.stressed5.A.make B.spend C.waste D.collect6.A.demands B.promises C.suggestions D.invitations7.A.jokingly B.eagerly C.humbly D.cautiously8.A.raising B.protecting C.remembering D.guiding9.A.trusted B.instructed C.supported D.inspired10.A.will B.kindness C.honesty D.courage【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。布列塔尼去麦当劳买饭时忘了带钱包，麦当劳的工作人员怀亚特帮她付了钱并且拒绝她还钱，布列塔尼被他的善举所感动。【详解】1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：忙碌了一天，大家都筋疲力尽，布列塔尼决定在回家的路上去麦当劳吃顿饭。A.cook烹饪；B.have有；C.grab吃；D.serve服务。根据“fromtheMcDonald’s”可知，此处是指去麦当劳吃晚饭。grabdinner意为“吃晚饭”。故选C。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特就是那天帮她点单的那个少年。A.place地方；B.word单词；C.order点餐；D.bill账单。根据“workingthere”可知，怀亚特是麦当劳的工作人员，所以此处是指为她点餐。故选C。3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，布列塔尼想到了这件事:她把钱包忘在家里了。A.hit突然想到；B.beat击败；C.reminded提醒；D.informed通知。ithitssb意为“某人想起某事”，此处是指列塔尼想到了她把钱包忘在家里了。故选A。4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她看着那个年轻人，眼里噙着泪水，只是因为压力和烦恼，说“对不起，取消订单”。A.nervous紧张的；B.grateful感激的；C.scared害怕的；D.stressed有压力的。前文提到她没有带钱包，且and表明此处应填和annoyed相近的词，所以是“压力大的”。故选D。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个在麦当劳工作的青少年，怀亚特可能挣不了多少钱。A.make赚钱；B.spend花时间或金钱；C.waste浪费；D.collect收集。根据“AsateenagerworkingatMcDonald’s”可知，怀亚特可能挣不了多少钱。故选A。6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他坚决地拒绝了布列塔尼要他还钱的所有承诺。A.demands要求；B.promises承诺；C.suggestions建议；D.invitations邀请。根据“returnandpayhimback.”可知，他坚决地拒绝了布列塔尼要他还钱的所有承诺。故选B。7.考查副词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特谦逊地对他的所作所为并没有多想，而布里特妮知道这正是我们的世界现在需要的希望。A.jokingly开玩笑地；B.eagerly热切地；C.humbly谦逊地；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据后文“Thehumbleteenager”（这位谦逊地青年）可知，怀亚特很谦逊。故选C。8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他让我意识到这正是我们做父母的努力——培养伟大的人。A.raising养育；B.protecting保护；C.remembering记住；D.guiding引导。根据“whatweparentsaretryingtodo”以及“greathumans”可知，此处是指父母培养伟大的人。故选A。9.考查动词辨词义析。句意：这个谦逊的青年鼓舞和鼓励了他们。A.trusted信任；B.instructed指导；C.supported支持；D.inspired鼓舞。根据“encourage”可知，此处应用和encourage词义相近的词语，且这个青年的行为让她很感动，所以是“鼓舞”。故选D。10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是一个小小的善举，一切都被放大了，想到这样的事情能让你走到这一步，真是太不可思议了。A.will意愿；B.kindness善意；C.honesty诚实；D.courage勇气。根据前文可知，怀亚特不求回报地帮助了布列塔尼，所以是善举。故选B。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Seagullsarelargeand____11____(noise)birds,monlyseenonbeachesaroundtheworld.Manypeopleliketofeedthem____12____entertainment.Itcanbeamusingtowatchthebirdsfightingoverlittlepiecesofbreadorchips.However,whenanimalsgetusedtobeingfedbyhumans,theywilllosetheirfearofthemandmaybeeaggressive.Seagullsarenotverydangerous,buttheyhavebeenknowntoattackhumans,especiallypeoplewho____13____(hold)food.【答案】11.noisy12.for13.areholding【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海鸥和人类的某种关系。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：海鸥是又大又吵的鸟，常见于世界各地的海滩上。根据空格后的名词birds可知，此处应填形容词和前面形容词large并列作定语修饰名词，noise的形容词形式为noisy，故填noisy。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：许多人喜欢把它们当作娱乐。for“供；适合于”是介词，表示对象、用途等，符合句意。故填for。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意：但据了解，它们会攻击人类，尤其是那些正拿着食物的人。根据句意可知，此处指那些正在拿着食物的人，应用现在进行时，其结构为be+动词的现在分词，因引导定语从句的关系代词who指代的先行词people为复数概念的名词，主谓一致，故填areholding。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ThenorthwesterncoastofCaliforniaisaveryattractivetraveldestination.Increasingnumbersoftouristsetothisarea____14____(hike)intheredwoodforests.Asaresult,people____15____(live)inthisareaareveryconcernedabouttheeffectsofmasstourism.Localresidentsareworriedthatifsomanytouristskeeping,thenaturalbeautyofthebeachesandforests____16____(damage).【答案】14.tohike15.living16.willbedamaged【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加利福尼亚的西北海岸是一个非常吸引人的旅游目的地，但当地居民担心过多的游客会破坏自然美景。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的游客来到这一地区在红杉林中徒步旅行。不定式作目的状语。故填tohike。15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，生活在这一地区的人们非常关注大众旅游的影响。people与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填living。【16题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当地居民担心，如果这么多游客继续来，海滩和森林的自然美景会被破坏。分析句子可知，if引导的条件从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。主语naturalbeauty与damage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填willbedamaged。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheFaultinOurStarsisanovel____17____(write)byAmericanauthorJohnGreen.Itishisfourthmajorwork,andhis____18____(popular)onesofar.Thestoryfollowsthemaincharacter,HazelGrace,a16yearoldgirlwithcancer.Sheattendsacancersupportgroup,____19____shemeetsGus,afellowteenagecancersurvivor.Theyquicklybeefriendsandbegin____20____willturnouttobeashortbutverybeautifulromance.【答案】17.written18.mostpopular19.where20.what【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对美国作家约翰·格林写的一部小说《星运里的错》作了详细说明。【详解】1.考查过去分词。句意：《星运里的错》是美国作家约翰·格林写的一部小说。句中已有谓语动词is，此处用非谓语形式。动词write（写作）和逻辑主语novel（小说）构成被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。2.考查形容词最高级。句意：这是他的第四部主要作品，也是迄今为止最受欢迎的作品。根据sofar可知，此处是指这本小说是他迄今为止最受欢迎的作品，应用最高级形式。故填mostpopular。3.考查定语从句。句意：她参加了一个癌症互助小组，在那里她遇到了同为青少年癌症幸存者的格斯。关系词指代先行词acancersupportgroup并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。4.考查名词性从句。句意：他们很快成为了朋友，开始了一段短暂但非常美丽的罗曼史。begin后的宾语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以用what。故填what。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ASubscription:HowItWorksMagazineHowItWorksisascienceandtechnologymagazineburstingwithexcitinginformationaboutouruniverseandeverythinginit.Coveringawiderangeoftopicssuchasspace,nature,science,animalsandtechnology,themagazineisjampackedwithincredibleandbreathtakingfactsreadytoexciteyourwildestcuriosity.Whatisinside?•GlobalEye—thelatestnews,developmentsandeventsfromtheworldofscienceandtechnology•AmazingImages—eachissueisloadedwithfantasticcutaways,illustrationsandphotography•Features—ourindeptharticlesexplaintopicsinanexcitingandengagingwaythateveryonecanunderstand•BrainDump—gettheanswerstoallyourburning“howandwhy”questionsinourreaderQ&Asection•HowTo—yourguidetofunexperimentsandprojectstotryoutathomeWhytosubscribe?•BigSavingsAsasubscriber,you’llenjoybigsavingsonshoppricesandthehugeconvenienceofhavingeveryissuedeliveredhotoffthepress.Therearenohiddencostsandallpostageanddeliverycostsareincludedinourprices.•TreatYourselforFamily&FriendsAsubscriptionmakesathoughtfulgiftforbothfamilyandfriendsstraighttotheirdoor.Thisscienceandtechnologymagazinehelpsexplorethefascinatingworldaroundus.•NeverMissanIssueYoursubscriptioncanbecancelledatanytimewithin14daysofthedateofpurchase.Allmemberscanmanagetheirsubscriptionsviaourselfservicewebsitepocketmags.Chooseyourpreferredsubscriptionpackage:Print:$8.93perissue,$116.00annually/13issuesDigital:$2.20perissue,$28.00annually/13issuesPrint+Digital:$9.31perissue,$121.00annually/13issuesWheretoreadthedigital?Yourpurchasehereatpocketmagscanbereadonanyofthefollowingplatforms.Youcanreadhereonthewebsiteordownloadtheappforyourplatform,justremembertologinwithyourPocketmagsusernameandpassword.Ourpromisetoyou:Bestpriceguarantee:We’llrefundthedifferenceifyoufinditcheaperelsewhere.You’reincontrol:Manageyoursubscriptiononlineviaourdedicatedselfservicesite.21.Inwhichpartofthemagazinecanyoufindinstructionsonexperiments?A.GlobalEye. B.Features.C.BrainDump. D.HowTo.22.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakeayearlysubscriptioninprint?A.$121. B.$116.C.$28. D.$8.93.23.Accordingtothepassage,subscribersofthemagazinecan_______.A.purchasethemagazineontheAppStoreB.beinformedofthelatestnewsinhumanityC.canceltheorderwithin14daysofitspurchaseD.getafullrefundiftheyfinditcheaperelsewhere【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】这一则广告。文章为订阅HowItWorks杂志做广告。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Whatisinside?部分最后一句“HowTo—yourguidetofunexperimentsandprojectstotryoutathome”可知，如何——引导你在家里尝试有趣的实验和项目。由此可知，在HowTo部分可以找到实验指导。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Chooseyourpreferredsubscriptionpackage部分“Print:$8.93perissue,$116.00annually/13issues”可知，印刷版：每期，每年，共13期。由此可知，订阅一年需要付116美元。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Whytosubscribe?部分NeverMissanIssue部分的第一句“Yoursubscriptioncanbecancelledatanytimewithin14daysofthedateofpurchase.”可知，你的订阅可在购买之日起14天内随时取消。由此可知，该杂志的订阅者可以在购买后14天内取消订单。故选C。BManypeoplehavefeltisolatedandafraidduringthepandemicthisyear,andtheWeberfamilyisnodifferent.But11yearoldEmersonWeberhasahobbythathasturnedintoaremarkableantidote.Emersonwritesletters—lotsofletters.Onedaylastspring,sheevenwrotetoDoug,hermailcarrier.“Iwanttothankyoufortakingmylettersanddeliveringthem,”shesaid.“Youareveryimportanttome.”Innotimeatall,Emerson’ssimplethankyounotewassharedaroundtheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS).Manyoftheworkerswhoreaditwroteherback.HerfatherwassomovedbytheresponsethathetooktoTwittertosharehisappreciationfortheoutpouringoflove.“Emerson,my11yearold,isonabitofawildridewiththeUSPSandourlocalmailcarrier,Doug.”ThenextdayafterEmersongaveDougtheletter,apackagearrivedwithtwoletters.DoughadsharedEmerson’sletterwithhissupervisor,Sara,andtheybothwantedtosharehowtouchedtheywere.Thenextweek,theygotaletteraddressedto“Mr.andMrs.Weber”.ItseemedthatSarahadsharedEmerson’snoteasa“TokenofThanks”intheinternalUSPSnewsletter,andtherewerepostalfolksthatwantedtothankher.Thatday,thefamilysawDouggettingoutofthetruckwithtwoBOXESoflettersfromaroundthecountry.Theselettersweresodeeplyhuman.Theywerefilledwithfamily,pets,hobbies,munity,andanoverwhelmingsenseofkindness.Buttherewassomethingmoreintheseletters.Peoplefeltseen—someforthefirsttimeinalongtime.“Iworkaloneinasmallruralpostoffice...”“Mykidsalllivefaraway...”“Notalotofpeoplethinkabouthowhardwework...”Onewrote,“Ican’ttellyouhowmuchitmeanstoreadyourletter...”Withdozensofnewpenpals,Emersondidwhatshedoesbest.Shewrote.SheacknowledgedthatthereWEREalotofletters,butshereadthemall.“I’mnotsharingthisbecauseI’maprouddad,”herfatherwroteonTwitter.“I’msharingitbecauseitisrelativelyeasy,ifwetakethetime,togiveotherstheonethingtheyneedtobewell—humanconnection.Emersondoesthisboldly.Herlessontomewassimple:It’sthesmallthingsthatmattermost.”Sendaletter.Makeacall.Takeastepofboldness.Foryourselforforothers.24.Mr.WebersharedEmerson’sstoryonTwitterbecause________.A.hewasmovedbythereaders’responseB.hewantedmorepeopletoreadtheletterC.hetookgreatprideinbeingEmerson’sfatherD.hewasthankfultoDougfordeliveringletters25.Whatdothelettersinthepassagesymbolize?A.Asenseofmunity.B.Thepanyoffamily.C.Abondbetweenpeople.D.Theoutpouringofcourage.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeEmerson?A.Selflessandpatient. B.Smartandmature.C.Determinedandproud. D.Lovingandgrateful.【答案】24.A25.C26.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在流感大流行期间，许多人都感到孤独害怕的时候，EmersonWeber用写信的方式给人们传递温暖和力量。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“HerfatherwassomovedbytheresponsethathetooktoTwittertosharehisappreciationfortheoutpouringoflove.(她的父亲被这些回复深深打动，他在推特上分享了他对这份爱的感激之情)”可知，Mr.Weber在推特上分享Emerson的故事是因为被读者的回复打动了。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据本文第一句“Manypeoplehavefeltisolatedandafraidduringthepandemicthisyear,andtheWeberfamilyisnodifferent.(在今年的流感大流行期间，许多人感到孤立和害怕，Weber一家也不例外)”以及后文Emerson的行动可知，Emerson用写信的方式让人们在流感的孤立害怕时期感到了人与人之间的温暖，再根据最后一段Emerson的父亲在推特上所说“I’msharingitbecauseitisrelativelyeasy,ifwetakethetime,togiveotherstheonethingtheyneedtobewell—humanconnection.(我分享它是因为，如果我们花时间，给别人他们所需要的东西是相对容易的——那就是良好的人际关系)”可推知，这些信就是人与人之间的联系纽带。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Emerson信中所说的“Iwanttothankyoufortakingmylettersanddeliveringthem(我想感谢你收下我的信并把它们寄出去)”和后文所说他的感谢信被广泛分享，以及他写的那么多信给人们送去关心和温暖可知，Emerson是个充满爱心和感恩心的孩子。故选D项。CWhatdoesitmeantoliveagoodlife?Thisquestionhasbeendebatedforcenturies.Inthefieldofpsychology,twomainconceptsofthegoodlifehavebeenquitepopular:Ahappylifefullofpleasureandpositiveemotions,andameaningfullifefullofpurposeandsacrifice.Butwhatifthesearen’ttheonlyoptions?Inrecentyearsalongneglectedversionofthegoodlifehasbeenreceivinggreaterattention:thepsychologicallyrichlife.Itisfullofplexmentalengagement,awiderangeofintenseanddeepemotions,anddiverse,novel,surprisingandinterestingexperiences.Sometimestheyareneitherpleasantnormeaningful.However,theyarerarelyboringormonotonous.Afterall,bothhappyandmeaningfullivescanbeemonotonousandrepetitive.Apersonwithasteadyofficejob,marriedwithchildren,maybesatisfiedandfindhisorherlifemeaningfulandstillbebored.Also,thepsychologicallyrichlifedoesn’tnecessarilyinvolveeconomicrichness.Forinstance,considerHesse’scharacterGoldmund,whohasnomoneybutpursuesthelifeofafreespirit.Researchhasfoundpsychologicalrichnessisrelatedto,butpartiallydistinctfrom,bothhappyandmeaningfullives.Psychologicalrichnessisrelatedwithopennesstoexperienceandexperiencingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsmoreintensely.Butisthepsychologicallyrichlifeonethatpeopleactuallywant?Inanewstudy,Oishiandhiscolleaguesaskedpeopleinninecountriesthedegreetowhichtheyvalueapsychologicallyrichlife,ahappylifeandameaningfullife.Theyfoundmanypeople’sselfdescribedideallivesinvolvepsychologicalrichness.Whenforcedtochoosealife,however,themajoritychoseahappylifeandameaningfullife.Evenso,aminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthepsychologicallyrichlife,rangingfrom6.7%inSingaporeto16.8%inGermany.Thesenumberswentupwhenthedesireforapsychologicallyrichlifewasmeasuredindirectly.Tounderstandwhatapersonwishestheirlivesmighthavebeen,itisimportanttoexplorewhatpeoplewishtheyhadavoidedintheirlives.Whenaskedwhattheyregretmostandwhetherundoingthiseventwouldhavemadetheirliveshappier,moremeaningfulorpsychologicallyricher,about28%ofAmericanssaidundoingtheregrettableeventwouldhavemadetheirlivespsychologicallyricher.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilemostpeoplestrivetobehappyandhavemeaningintheirlives,asizablenumberofpeoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.AsOishiandhiscolleaguesconclude“Webelievethattakingthepsychologicallyrichlifeseriouslywilldeepenandenrichourunderstandingofwellbeing.”Attheendoftheday,thereisnoonesingularlyacceptablepathtothegoodlife.Youhavetofindapaththatworksbestforyou.27.Accordingtothepassage,thepsychologicallyrichlife_______.A.meanslivingaluxuriouslifeB.involvesvariousintenseemotionsC.binespleasurewithpurposeD.emphasizesopennessandrepetition28.WhatdoesOishi’sresearchindicate?A.TheGermanspreferpsychologicalrichnesstoahappylife.B.Undoingregrettableeventshasenrichedmanypeople’slives.C.Ahiddendesireforpsychologicalrichnessexistsamongsomepeople.D.Peoplewithpsychologicalrichnesstendtodescribetheirlivesasideal.29.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.purposeoutweighspleasureintermsofsignificanceB.thechoiceofagoodlifediffersfrompersontopersonC.apositivemindsethelpsusunderstandourwellbeingD.weshouldneverbecontentandalwaysstriveforthebest30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Toparedifferentconceptsofagoodlife.B.Toexplainhowtoliveapsychologicallyrichlife.C.Topersuadepeopletoattainpsychologicalrichness.D.Todrawattentiontoalessfamiliarversionofagoodlife.【答案】27.B28.C29.B30.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出除了传统观念的好的生活之外，另一种好生活——心理丰富的生活应该得到关注。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Itisfullofplexmentalengagement,awiderangeofintenseanddeepemotions,anddiverse,novel,surprisingandinterestingexperiences.”（它充满了复杂的心理参与，广泛的强烈和深刻的情感，以及多样的、新奇的、惊奇的和有趣的体验。）可知，心理丰富的生活包含了各种强烈的情感。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据倒第二段“Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilemostpeoplestrivetobehappyandhavemeaningintheirlives,asizablenumberofpeoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.”（这些发现表明，虽然大多数人努力让自己快乐，让自己的生活有意义，但仍有相当数量的人仅仅满足于心理上丰富的生活。）可知，Oishi的调查显示在一些人当中，隐藏着一种对心理丰富的渴望。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“Whenforcedtochoosealife,however,themajoritychoseahappylifeandameaningfullife.Evenso,aminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthepsychologicallyrichlife,rangingfrom6.7%inSingaporeto16.8%inGermany.”（然而，当被迫选择一种生活时，大多数人选择了幸福的生活和有意义的生活。即便如此，仍有一小部分人青睐心理富裕的生活，从新加坡的6.7%到德国的16.8%不等。）可知，对于好的生活的选择因人而异。故选B。4.推理判断题。文章第一段中提出问题“Whatdoesitmeantoliveagoodlife?”（过好生活意味着什么?）并指出“Inthefieldofpsychology,twomainconceptsofthegoodlifehavebeenquitepopular:Ahappylifefullofpleasureandpositiveemotions,andameaningfullifefullofpurposeandsacrifice.”（在心理学领域，关于美好生活的两个主要概念一直很流行：一个是充满快乐和积极情绪的幸福生活，一个是充满目标和牺牲的有意义的生活。）然后提出问题“Butwhatifthesearen’ttheonlyoptions?”（但如果这些不是唯一的选择呢?）所以文章的目的是想提出一种不与传统概念相同的另一种好的生活的选择，并在第二段中提出“Inrecentyears,alongneglectedversionofthegoodlifehasbeenreceivinggreaterattention:thepsychologicallyrichlife.”（近年来，一个长期被忽视的美好生活的版本越来越受到关注：心理丰富的生活。）可知这篇文章的主要目的是让人们注意到不太熟悉的美好生活。故选D。DOnAugust28th,atapresentationovertheInternet,Mr.Muskshowedofftheprogressofhisfirm,Neuralink.ThehighlightwastheappearanceofGertrude,apigwithachipimplanted(植入)intoherbrain.Readingthebrain’selectricalsignals,atechniquecalledelectroencephalography(EEG),startedover100yearsagoandisnowroutine.Itgenerallyinvolvesplacingnoninvasiveelectrodes(非侵入式电极)onthescalp(头皮),thoughitsometimesrequirestheinvasiveinsertionofwiresintothescalporthebrain.NoninvasiveEEGprovidesusefulinformation,andcanevenbeusedtodothingslikeplayingputergames.InvasiveEEGoffersmoreaccuratereadingsfromthenervecellsinthebrain,thoughatgreaterriskbecauseofthesurgeryinvolved.ThedeviceGertrudecarries,knowntechnicallyasabrainputerinterface(接口),carriesinvasivenessonestagefurtherbymakingtheEEGrecorderapotentiallypermanentimplant.Alongwiththisimprovedinterface,Neuralinkhasbuiltarobotthatwillimplantit.Todoso,therobotfirsttakesahighresolutionscanoftherecipient’sbrain.Usingthis,itisabletosewtheelectrodethreadsintoplacewithaprecisionthatavoidsanybloodtubesinthearea,whichreducestheriskofdamageduringsurgery.Therobotcanputtheinterfaceinplaceinlessthananhour.Generalanesthesia(麻醉)isnotneededfortheprocedure.Onechallengethefirmwantstotackleissendingelectricalsignalsintothebrain.Mr.Musksaysthiswillrequirearangeofinputsincludingdelicatestimulationandlargeamountsofcurrents.Thepointofdoingsowillbetoestablishtwowaymunications.Thiscouldallowentirelynewareasoftreatmenttobeexplored.Besidesepilepsy(癫痫)prevention,suchbrainstimulationmightalsoworktotreatdepression.Moreimportantinthelongrun,itisalsoessentialtoMusk’svisionofwidespreadengagementbetweenpeopleandmachines.This,hehopes,willresultinafuturewherememoriescanbedownloadedandstoredelsewhere,andhumanscanformarelationshipwithAIthatismutuallydependentandbeneficial.Noteveryoneisimpressed.CriticsworrythatNeuralinkistoosecretive,andthatMr.Musk’svisionpromisesmorethanhecandeliver.Hedoes,though,havearecordofdoingwhathesaysheisgoingto,despitethefactthatsometimesnotasrapidlyashesayshewill.Hemoreorlesssinglehandedlyintroducedbatteryelectriccarstothemarketandhebuiltasuccessfulspacerocketbusinessoutofnothing.Brainsarealotmoreplicatedthancars,andeventhanrocketscience.ButdonotbetagainsttheingintobeingatsomepointoftheMuskvisionofbrainsandputersworkingtogetherdirectly.31.WhatcanwelearnaboutEEG?A.EEGrequirestheinsertionofelectrodes.B.NoninvasiveEEGissuperiorinsafetyandspeed.C.InvasiveEEGfunctionsbetterinreadingnervecells.D.EEGcanbeupdatedbyusingthebrainputerinterface.32.InParagraph3,theauthordescribestheimplantationtoshow_______.A.theadvantagesofusingtherobotB.thesimplicityoftheprocedureC.theimprovementoftheinterfaceD.thepossiblerisksofthesurgery33.Accordingtothetext,_______.A.MuskachievesmoreinbrainstudythaninrocketscienceB.brainstimulationiscrucialforpeoplemachineinteractionC.newmethodsoftreatmenthavebeenresearchedandcreatedD.thefirmhasdifficultyfindingtherightkindofinputforbrains34.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsMusk’svision?A.Positive. B.Negative.C.Doubtful. D.Neutral.【答案】31.C32.A33.B34.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马斯克的公司正在利用脑电图（EEG）的技术向大脑发送电子信号，他希望人类可以与人工智能建立一种相互依赖和有益的关系。但这一愿景想要实现很困难。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四句“InvasiveEEGoffersmoreaccuratereadingsfromthenervecellsinthebrain,thoughatgreaterriskbecauseofthesurgeryinvolved.(侵入性脑电图可以从大脑中的神经细胞获得更精确的数据，但由于涉及到手术，风险更大)”可知，EEG侵入性脑电图在读取神经细胞时功能更好。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后三句“Usingthis,itisabletosewtheelectrodethreadsintoplacewithaprecisionthatavoidsanybloodtubesinthearea,whichreducestheriskofdamageduringsurgery.Therobotcanputtheinterfaceinplaceinlessthananhour.Generalanesthesia(麻醉)isnotneededfortheprocedure.(使用这种技术，它能够精确地将电极线缝合到合适的位置，避免任何血管进入该区域，从而降低了手术中损伤的风险。这个机器人可以在不到一小时的时间内安装好接口。手术过程中不需要全身麻醉)”可推知，作者描述了植入是为了描述使用机器人的好处。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段五六两句“Besidesepilepsy(癫痫)prevention,suchbrainstimulationmightalsoworktotreatdepression.Moreimportantinthelongrun,itisalsoessentialtoMusk’svisionofwidespreadengagementbetweenpeopleandmachines.(除了预防癫痫，这种大脑刺激也可以治疗抑郁症。从长远来看，更重要是，这对马斯克实现人与机器广泛接触的愿景也至关重要)”可知，脑刺激对人机交互至关重要。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后三句“Hemoreorlesssinglehandedlyintroducedbatteryelectriccarstothemarketandhebuiltasuccessfulspacerocketbusinessoutofnothing.Brainsarealotmoreplicatedthancars,andeventhanrocketscience.ButdonotbetagainsttheingintobeingatsomepointoftheMuskvisionofbrainsandputersworkingtogetherdirectly.(他或多或少是单枪匹马地将纯电动汽车引入市场的，他白手起家建立了一个成功的太空火箭企业。大脑比汽车复杂得多，甚至比火箭科学复杂得多。但不要打赌，人脑和计算机直接合作的“麝香愿景”会在某个时刻出现)”可推知，作者的态度是积极的。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PoorSleepandLoneliness:AViciousCycle?Thefeelingofbeinglonelyisthesensethatyouhavelesssocialcontactwithothersthanyouwant.Itisnotquitethesameastheamountofsocialcontactyouhave.Somepeopledon’tengagethatoftenwithothers,buttheyareperfectlyfinewiththat,andsotheydon’tfeelalone.____35____Beinglonelyisassociatedwithpoorerpsychologicalhealth.Oneareaofresearchhasfocusedspecificallyontherelationshipbetweenlonelinessandsleep.Thereareseveralinterrelatedquestions:Isfeelinglonelyrelatedtothequalityofpeople’ssleep?Whataspectsofsleeparerelatedtoloneliness?Anddoeslonelinesscausesleepproblems,ordodifficultieswithsleepingleadtofeelingsofloneliness?___36___TherelationshipbetweenlonelinessandsleepwasexploredinapaperbyMelanieHomandCaolChuintheSeptember2020issueofClinicalPsychologicalScience.Theyanalyzedthedataofpreviousstudiesrelatingsleepqualitytofeelingsofloneliness.____37____Thisrelationshipisstrongerforinsomnia(失眠症)thanforsleepplaintslikenightmares.Inaddition,themorelonelinesspeopleexpress,thelesseffectivetheythinktheirsleepis.Althoughpoorsleepandlonelinessarecloselyrelated,itishardtodeterminewhetherlonelinesscausessleepdifficultiesorthereverse(相反).___38___Itisbecauseyoucanlooktoseewhethersleepdifficultiesatonetimepredictlaterfeelingsoflonelinessorwhetherlonelinessearlyonpredictslatersleepdifficulties.Interestingly,sleepproblemspredictedlaterlonelinessandlonelinesspredictedlatersleepdifficulties.However,theconnectionbetweenearliersleepdifficultiesandlaterlonelinesswasgenerallystrongerthanthatbetweenearlierlonelinessandlatersleepdifficulties.Thispatternsuggeststhattheremaybeaviciouscycle,though,inwhichpoorsleepcanincreasefeelingsofloneliness,whichcaninturnincreasesleepdifficulties.Ifyouaresomeonewhohastroublesleeping,beawarethatpoorsleeplowersyourresilience(复原力)overall.Amongotherthings,itmaymakeitharderforyoutoappreciatethesocialcontactsyouhave.____39____Thataddedsocialengagementjustmighthaveapositiveimpactonyourfuturesleep.A.Longtermstudiestha