Unit+5+Revealing+nature+Using+language+课件【知识精讲精研】高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit5RevealingnaturePastperfect1.Itwasayoungmanwho_______medicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,he___________________aletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.hadlefthadrecentlyreceived2.AfterDarwin_________sometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshe_____________.hadspenthadcollected3.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecies____________onEarthatthe

sametime,and_______________

since.hadappearedhadnotchanged4.Itseemedtheirbeaks__________accordingtowhatfoodwasavailable

onthatparticularisland.hadevolvedLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?

Insentence(a),“evolvedformacommonancestor”happenedfirst.2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?

Insentence(b),“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”happenedfirst.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Itindicatestheactionhappenedbeforeacertainpastaction.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.NowPastPastperfect过去完成时haddone一般过去时did

1)

表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。过去完成时的基本用法：a.我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrain_______________.b.我还没来得及说谢谢，他就跑开了。BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,he_______________.hadrunawayhadalreadyleftpastperfect

2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动

作，常用的时间状语有

bythen,bytheendof,bythetime。a.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2000个英语单词了。Bytheendoflastterm,we_________2000Englishwords.b.到那时为止，他们已经在那里住了十年了。They_________therefortenyearsbythen.hadlivedhadlearntpastperfect3)表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本

打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。a.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。I____________tomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.b.我原希望今年去度假，可是我离不开。I_________totakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.hadintendedhadhopedpastperfect

4)在句型

hardly...when和

nosooner…than中，主句要部分倒装，并使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。a.我刚离开就开始下雨了。

______________whenitbegantorain.b.他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。

Nosooner______________thanthetelephonerang.HardlyhadIlefthadhesatdownpastperfect（先离开，再下雨）（先坐下，铃才响）我刚学完这一单元的单词，我就忘了。HardlyhadIlearnedthevocabularyinthisunitwhenIforgotallofthem.

5)

过去完成时还可用于一些固定句型：a.It/This/Thatwas+thefirst/second...+time+that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。egItwasthefirsttimethatwe____________

toChicago.b.Itwas+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。

egItwastwoyearssincehe______________thearmy.hadrunawayhadbeenpastperfect

6)

过去完成时用于虚拟语气中，在wish,asif/asthough,if,ifonly,wouldrathersb.haddonesth.结构或从句中，常用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反的假设。a.如果我早点起来，就能赶上早班车了。

egIwouldhavecaughtthefirstbusifI___________earlier.b.

我多希望我在初中时努力学习了。IwishI___________hardinthemiddleschool.hadstudiedhadgotuppastperfectLearningtips正确运用过去完成时的关键是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对的时间，即它是相对于一个过去的时间而言的。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过时间状语体现出来，有时则可能是通过上下文来体现。命题人通常会设置一个过去的背景或过去的动作，然后在此之前又有一个动作发生，结合题干中的语境来判断两个过去的动作发生的先后顺序，较早发生的那个动作用过去完成时。Learningtips解题时要认真分析语境，深入情景，揣摩动作发生的顺序；重视题干所给暗示，如时间副词、并列或从属连词等；善于运用时态对应规律找到提示性的过去的动作或时间。浏览题干，套用固定句型来巧解考查过去完成时的题目。Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.Thesentencesareintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.Theycanhelpyoutodecidetheuseoftenses.YuanLongping_________todoresearchonhybridricebecausenaturaldisasters__________foodshortagesinthe1960s.Intheend,he___________abettertypeofrice.

beganhadledtodevelopedFirstthenledtofoodshortage→begantodoresearch→developedabettertype1.

aNaturaldisastersledtofoodshortagesinthe1960s.

bYuanLongpingbegantodoresearchonhybridrice.

cYuanLongpingdevelopedabettertypeofrice.GregorMendel__________studypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1884,he_____________importantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.2.

aGregorMendelchosetostudypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.

bGregorMendelmadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.

cGregorMendeldiedin1884.chosetohadmadeCompletetheonlineencyclopedia(百科全书）entrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.LonesomeGeorgeBeforecompleting,viewatraveler’svlogtogetsomeinformationaboutPintaIslandtortoise.competedeclineeatliveintroducearrive

LonesomeGeorgeLonesomeGeorgewasthelastPintaIslandtortoise.Hediedin2012.AfterGeorge’sdeath,thePintaIslandtortoisewasdeclaredextinct.TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.Beforehumans1_______ontheisland,thespecies2___________inisolationand3__________theplantsthatnaturallygrewthere.arrivedhadlivedeatenGeorgewasdiscoveredmanyyearsaftertheirarrival,andbythenhumans4________________newspeciesthat5__________forthefoodthetortoisesate.Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulation6________.Eventually,onlyGeorgeremained.hadinroducedcompeteddeclinedcompetedeclineeatliveintroducearrive

Actoutarole-playaboutGeorgeusingtheinformationinActivity3.Usethepastperfecttensewhereappropriate.Workinpairs:thekeeperofLonesomeGeorgethereporter1.He___________(learn)3000wordsbeforehewenttoEngland.2.Theoldmantoldusthathe____________(travel)tomanyplaces.3.Itwasthethirdtimethathe___________(see)suchalargeanimal.4.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplane____________(takeoff)5.Marydidherhomeworkand_______(wash)thedishes.hadlearnedhadtravelledhadseenhadtakenoffwashedExercise过去的过去宾语从句Itwasthefirsttimethat过去动作的完成SheaskedmewhetherI_____________(return)thebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.Researcherswerepuzzledovertheresults,whichwerecompletelyoppositetowhatthey________________________(expect)．JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_________________(leave)mybookinthecafe.I________(ask)younottomovemydictionarythismorning—nowIcan'tfindit.hadreturnedhadexpectedhadleftaskedIwishI__________________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.Emmawasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinewhichshe____________(repair)wentwrongagain.BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay________________(be)onfornearlyhalfanhour.Ifthenewsafetysystem____________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.John___________(plan)tomakeacompromise,butsomehowhechangedhismindatthelastminute.hadbeenhadrepairedhadbeenhadbeenputhadplannedTranslation她一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。Nosoonerhadshesteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadtakenpartinanEnglishspeechcontest.1.Hesaidthathe________(see)youbefore.2.Byyesterdaythey___________(work)forsixdays.3.WhenIcametoGuangzhou,he________(be)thereforalongtime.4.Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.5.Whenshegothomeherchildren_______(sleep).6.Beforetheyarrivedherethefilm____already______(start).hadseenhadworkedhadbeenhadslepthadlivedhadstarted7.I____________(intend)tomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.8.MrSmith_________(die)yesterday.Hehad

beenagoodfriendofmine.9.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhe_______(go)

awayagain.10.Itwasthethirdtimethathe___________(be)

outofwork.11.Heenteredtheroom,__________(turn)on

thelightandreadaneveningpaper.12.IfonlyI___________________(buy)the

book.Thereisnoneinthebookshop.hadintendeddiedwentturnedhadbeenhadboughtBytheendoflastyear,he____________(collect)morethan100foreignrecords.Heonce_______(work)asalecturer,butnowheisamanager.JohnandJane__________h(know)eachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.Hesaidthatgreatchanges_________h(take)placeinhishometownsince1990.He____l(leave)schoolthreeyearsago.I_________(live)inBeijingforoneyear.Hisbrother_________(be)theconductoroftheorchestraformanyyears.Thiswasthesecondtimethatthemusician__________(tour)Europe.hadcollectedworkedhadknownhadtakenlefthavelivedhasbeenhadtouredCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsandphrasalverbsinbrackets.Jane____________(watch)anaturefilmonTVwhensomeoneknockedonthedoor.OnourtriptoAfricalastyear,we__________(see)lionssittinginthetallgrasswatchingus.Thegirl,when_________(question)whyshe___________(cheat)intheexam,justloweredherheadandkeptsilent.Theboy_________(cry)loudlybecausehe_________(lose)hiswayinthejungleandthoughthecouldn’tgobackhome.Theyoungmaninsistedhe_________(do)nothingwrongandthatthepolice_________(release)him．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewhospital_____________(complete)inourcity.Igotane­mailfrommyoldfriendlastSunday.Untilthen，we_________(keep)intouchfornearly3years.waswatchingsawquestionedhadcheatedcriedhadlosthaddonereleasehadcompletedhadkept◆单句语法填空（1）Bytheendoflastyear,he

（collect）morethan10foreignrecords.（2）I

（finish）myhomeworkbeforeIhadsupper.（3）JohnandJane

（know）eachotherforalongtimebeforetheygotmarried.（4）Hesaidthatgreatchanges

（take）placeinhishometownsince1990.（5）Itwassixandhewastiredbecausehe

（work）sincethedaybroke.（6）Whenthepolicefoundhim,thecriminal

（be）inthecavefornearlyamonth.（7）They

（want）tohelpbutcouldn’tgetthereintime.（8）He

（hope）tocatchthe8:00bus,buthefounditgone.◆完成句子（9）Whenhereachedthenearbyshop,it

（已经关门了）.（10）I

（原本想做一个蛋糕）,butIranoutoftime.（11）They

（原本计划休息）inthecafé,butsomethingunexpectedhappened.hadcollectedhadplannedtohavearesthadfinishedhadknownhadtakenhadworkedhadbeenhadwantedhadhopedhadalreadybeenclosedhadintendedtomakeacake◆单句语法填空（1）Thiswasthesecondtimethatthemusician

（tour）Europe.（2）Theaudiencehadhardlybeenseated

thesaxophonesolostarted.（3）Ifhe

（take）youradvice,hewouldhavepassedthedrivingtest.（4）Iwouldratheryou

（be）hereyesterday.◆句型转换（5）Ihadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.=

（hardly...when...）=

（倒装句）hadtouredwhenhadtakenhadbeenIhadhardlyfinishedtheworkwhenthelightwentout.NosoonerhadIfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.◆单句语法填空（1）MyfriendAndrew

（live）inaforeigncountryformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.（2）Heonce

（work）asalecturer，butnowheisamanager.（3）［词汇复现］Hisbrother

（be）theconductoroftheorchestraformanyyears.（4）He

（learn）mathsallbyhimselfbytheageoffourteen.◆完成句子（5）Andrew

（犯了一个大错误）becausehehadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.（6）Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forI

（没有好好学我的功课）.◆翻译句子（7）他们5点钟已经完成了他们的作业。 ______________________________________________（8）他们是5点钟完成的作业。 ______________________________________________hadlivedworkedhasbeenhadlearnedmadeabigmistakehadnotstudiedmylessonwellTheyhadfinishedtheirhomeworkbyfiveo’clock.Theyfinishedtheirhomeworkatfiveo’clock.

LastSunday,I(1)_____________(intend)togoforanouting,butit(2)________(begin)torainearlyinthemorning.SoIwenttothemovieswithmyboyfriend.BythetimeI(3)_______(get)up,mydog(4)___________(eat)allmybreakfastonthetable.ThenIwenttoseethefilm,hungry,butwhenI(5)________(arrive)atthecinema,thefilm(6)__________(be)onfor20minutes.AhadintendedbegangothadeatenarrivedFillintheblanks.hadbeenItwasthefirsttimethatI(7)__________(see)afilmwithmyboyfriendanditwasthemostinterestingmoviethatI(8)____________(watch)!Hardly(9)______I_______(get)outofthecinemawhenImetsomefriends.Wehaddinnerandtalkedhappily.ButwhenIwasgoingtopay,Ifoundmywalletandmobilephone(10)______________(steal).Whatanunluckyday!hadseenhadwatchedhadgothadbeenstolenBHardly(1)______I_____(get)upthismorningwhenIhadastrangefeelingthatitwasn’tgoingtobemyday.I(2)______________(intend)tohaveabigbreakfast,butIhadnotime.IgotupsolatethatIhadtohurrytothebusstoptocatchmybus.Unfortunately,I(3)__________(step)onabananapeelandfellonmybackside.hadgothadintendedsteppedWhat’sworse,bythetimeIgottothebusstop,thebus(4)_________(leave).Ihadnochoicebuttorun.ItwasthefirsttimethatI(5)__________(run)toschool.WhenIgottotheclassroom,IsuddenlyrealizedthatitwasSunday.ItistheworstdaythatI(6)___________(have)inthepastfewyears.hadlefthadrunhavehadBiodiversity1.Biodiversityisimportant.2.Bacteriaarealwaysharmfultohumans.3.Somespeciesofbacteriaareusedinfoodproduction.4.Manyspeciesofbacteriarecycledeadorganic

matter.5.Ourimmunesystemsareabletofightoffallgerms.Listentothepodcastandchoosethestatementsthataremade.(P71)Listenagainandcompletethefactsheet.P71Cells•Everylivingthingis1______________.Theyarelike2______________________________.•Inthehumanbodythereareabout3_____________

humancellsandaround4________________bacteriacells.Bacteria•Mostbacteriainthehumanbodycan5_________________.•Inthefoodproductionprocess,bacteriacan6__________deadorganicmatter.breakdownhelpwithdigestionthirty-ninetrillionthirtytrillionbricksthatareusedtobuildhousesmadeupofcellsChecktheanswersDoyouknowabout…?

Haveyouheardof…?By

theway,…Actually,…Infact,…Speakingofwhich,…AddinginformationCompletetheboxeswiththeexpressionsfromthepodcast.(P54)Checkingbackgroundknowledge1.

Whatspeciesare

mentionedand

what

isspecialaboutthem?2.Whatotherunusual

lifeformsdoyou

knowof?Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.2.Whatotherunusuallifeformsdoyouknowof？Twospeciesarementioned:thebluewhale

andthewaterbear.

1.

Whatspeciesarementionedandwhatisspecialabout

them?Thewaterbearis

probablythetoughests