2023-2024学年译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Extended reading学案（含答案）

B3U4Extendedreading学案重点词汇诠释1involvedadj.参与，有关联；耗费很多时间，关注(1)be/getinvolvedin...参与……，与……有关；专心于……(2)involvevt.牵涉，牵连；(使)参加，加入；包含，需要involvesb./oneselfin(doing)sth.使某人/某人自己参与(做)某事involvedoingsth.包括/需要做某事(3)involvementn.[U]参与；[U，C]投入❶Childrencangetalotoutofbeinginvolvedinvolunteerwork.孩子们通过参加志愿者工作能学到很多东西。❷IwassoinvolvedinmybookthatIdidn'thearyouknock.我全神贯注在看书，没听到你敲门。❸Wewanttoinvolveasmanypeopleaspossibleinthecelebrations.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。❹Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，(这份工作)需要花很多时间和学生在一起。单句语法填空①150participantsfromthreegradeswereinvolved________therace.②Carryingouttheresearchonthechimpanzeewillinvolve________(live)inthejungleforseveralyears.③Ourschoolproposesthatstudentsshouldinvolve________(they)incommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceofgrowth.④Allwhoparticipatedhavegainedapositiveoutcomefromgetting________(involve)．2creditn．[U]认可，赞扬，称赞；[U，C]贷款，借款；[U]信用，信誉；[U]赊购，赊欠；[C]学分(1)givesb.creditfor...为……而称赞某人(2)dosb.credit使某人值得赞扬(3)tosb.'scredit使值得赞扬(4)oncredit赊购❶Let'sgivehimcreditforthesuccessoftheproject.我们要将这一项目的成功归功于他。❷Yourhonestydoesyougreatcredit.你的诚实值得大大表扬。❸Tohiscredit,Jacknevertoldanyoneexactlywhathadhappened.值得赞扬的是，杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶。❹Thebankrefusedfurthercredittothecompany.银行拒绝再给那家公司提供贷款。❺Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentmayaffectyourcredit.按时支付电费账单很重要，因为逾期支付可能会影响你的信用。❻Nowadays,mostnewcarsareboughtoncredit.如今，大多数新汽车都是赊购的。❼Youmustpasstheexaminationtogetcreditsforthecourse.你必须通过考试才能获得那门课程的学分。判断下列句子中credit的含义/完成句子①Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits．________________②Wedon'tmindwhogetsthecreditaslongaswedon'tgettheblame.________________③Borrowersneedtoprovidethecredithistory,whichthelenderswilluseasthecriteriawhenevaluatingaloan.________________④值得赞扬的是，尽管天气恶劣，工人们还是设法按时完成了工程。____________________________，theworkersmanagedtocompletetheprojectontimeinspiteofthebadweather.3applyvt.应用，使用；vi.申请，请求；vt.努力学习，勤奋工作；vt.涂(1)applysth.to...把某物应用于……beappliedto...被应用于……(to为介词)(2)apply(to...)for...(向……)申请……applytodosth.申请做某事(3)applyoneself/one'smindto(doing)sth.某人致力于/专心于(做)某事(4)apply...to...把……涂到……(5)applicationn.[C，U]申请，申请表；应用applicantn.[C]申请人appliedadj.应用的，实用的❶LaterIdecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.后来我决定把我先前的经验应用到学习如何读和写上。❷Thenewtechnologyhasbeenappliedtofarming,whichhelpsincreaseagriculturalproduction.这项新技术已被应用于农业，有助于提高农业生产。❸Beforeyoutraveltoaforeigncountry,youshouldapplyforapassport.在去外国旅游之前，你应该申请护照。❹Heappliedtotwouniversitiesandwasacceptedbybothofthem.他向两所大学提出申请，都被录取了。❺Overthenextmonths,heappliedhimselftoimprovingthetechnique.在接下来的几个月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。❻Applythecreamevenlyovertheskin.判断下列句子中apply的含义/单句语法填空①BythetimeIsawthejobadvertiseditwasalreadytoolatetoapply．________________②Hewantsajobinwhichhecanapplyhisforeignlanguages.________________③Applythecreamtoexposedareaseverythreehoursandafterswimming.________________④Yoncansolveanyproblemifyouapplyyourselftoit.________________⑤Duetothe________(apply)ofthismedicaltechnology,somediseasescanbetreatedattheearlystage.⑥Weshouldapplytheory________practice;otherwise,itisnouse.⑦Thepersonwhowantstoapply________thepositionwillbeexpectedtohaveagoodcommandofEnglish.⑧Afterknockingpolitelyatthedoor,the________(apply)enteredtheofficeofthegeneralmanager.4asto至于，关于(1)asto＋WH...至于……(2)asto＋n./pron./doing至于/关于……❶Theyhavenotdecidedyetastowhowillbeinchargeoftheproject.他们还没有决定谁来负责这项工程。❷Heaskedformyadviceastowhattodonext.关于接下来要做什么，他征求了我的意见。❸Astothattechnicalproblem,Iwilldealwithitindetaillater.至于那个技术问题，我以后再详细处理。❹Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asfor/tothetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.我们在乡下度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没有遇到任何困难。完成句子①我们把它定在下周六吧。至于我们野餐的地点，由你来决定。Let'smakeitnextSaturday.________________________，it'suptoyou.②还不能确定他是否会签署这份合同。Thereissomedoubt________________________signthiscontract.③对我来说，我的母亲是我最尊敬的人。________________________，mymotheristhepersonIrespectmost.5permitvt.允许，准允；vi.&vt.允许，使有可能；n.[C]许可证(1)permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事(2)permit(one's)doingsth.准许(某人)做某事(3)weather/timepermitting天气/时间允许的话(4)permissionn.[U]许可，允许askpermission请求许可withoutpermission未经许可withsb.'spermission经某人许可❶Thesecuritysystemwillnotpermityoutoenterwithoutthecorrectpassword.密码不正确的话，安全系统是不会让你进入的。❷Hishealthdoesn'tpermithistravellingwithus.他的健康状况不允许他同我们一起旅行。❸Weather/Timepermitting,wewillhaveapicnicinthewoods.天气/时间允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。❹You'renotallowedtoparkhereunlessyouhaveapermit.除非你有许可证，否则你不能在这儿停车。单句语法填空/完成句子①Manyshopownersdon'tpermit________(park)carsinfrontoftheirshops.②WehavearrangedtoplaytennisonSaturday,weather________(permit)．③Ifyoudon'thaveapermit,youwillnotbepermitted________(drive)anewenergyvehicle.④“Eudoraisnineyearsoldandhasmy________(permit)toreadanybookshewantsfromtheshelves,childrenoradults，”Mothersaid.⑤Theyweretakentothepolicestationastheyhadenteredthearea________________________(未经允许)．⑥Eventhoughhisfatherdidn't________________________(允许他加入)theschoolfootballteam,hediditfinally.6responsibilityn．[C，U]责任，负责；职责，义务(1)asenseofresponsibility责任感(2)take/bear/shoulder/responsibilityfor...对……负责(3)takeonresponsibilities承担责任(4)Itisone'sresponsibilitytodosth.某人有责任做某事(5)responsibleadj.负有责任的，应承担责任的；有责任心的responsiblyadv.负责任地beresponsibleforsth.对某事负责(6)irresponsibleadj.不负责任的(ir­为否定前缀)❶Hefeelsastrongsenseofresponsibilitytowardshisfamily.他对他的家庭有很强的责任感。❷Aftercarefulconsideration,wethinkthatAllanhasgottotakeresponsibilityforthefailureofthedeal.经过认真的考虑，我们认为艾伦必须为交易的失败负责。❸It'sherresponsibilitytoensurethattheprojectisfinishedontime.她有责任确保工程如期完工。❹MissWangisresponsibleforit.王老师负责这件事。❺Thedrivershouldbeirresponsiblefortheaccident.司机不应该对这起事故负责。单句语法填空/完成句子①Whoisresponsible________theoperationofsuchdriverlesscarsisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumers(消费者)andlawyers.②It'snotonlyagreat________(responsible)butagreathonorforacitytobechosentohosttheOlympicGames.③AIwillsurelybeafeatureoffuturelife,butitmustbeused________(responsible)andinaproperway.④Borninatraditionalfamily,Rickwasbroughtuptovalue__________________________(责任感)．⑤Tobesuccessful,thefirstthingyouneedtodois________________________(承担……责任)youractions.7declarevt.宣布，公布；宣称，表明(1)declarewaron...同……宣战(2)declarefor/against...声明支持/反对……(3)declare(that)．..声称/宣判……(4)declaresth./sb.(tobe)＋n.宣布某物/某人为……(5)declaresth./sb.＋adj.宣布某物/某人……❶Thecourageouscitizenshavedeclaredwaronthedeadlydisease.英勇的市民已经向这一致命的疾病宣战。❷Ourgovernmentdeclaredforthisplan.我们的政府声明支持这项计划。❸Shedeclared(that)itwasthebestchocolatecakeshehadevertasted.她说那是她吃过的最好的巧克力蛋糕。❹Theareahasbeendeclared(tobe)anationalpark.这个地区已宣布为国家公园。❺Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.主席宣布仪式开始，我们在场的所有人都欢呼雀跃。单句语法填空①Thebirthratewasexpectedtoincreaserapidlyafterthe________(declare)oftwo­childpolicy,butitdidn'tchangesignificantly.②DoyouknowwhenBritaindeclaredwar________GermanyduringWorldWarⅡ？③It'slikelythathewilldeclare________theproposal,becausehethinksitwillthreatenpeople'sinterests.④TheheadteacherdeclaredWangFei________(be)monitoroftheclass.8putforward提出(计划，建议)；推荐，举荐；拨快(时针指针)；将……提前(1)putforwardaplan/asuggestion/aproposal提出计划/建议(2)putaway将……收起，把……放回原处putaside储存putdown放下；写下，记下putoff推迟，延迟putout熄灭，扑灭；公布puton穿上，戴上；上演；增加体重；抹，搽，擦putupwith容忍，忍受putup提升；张贴；搭建❶Johnputforwardhissuggestionthatweshouldtakeathree­dayholidayaftertheexamination.约翰提出了他的建议：我们在考试结束后应放三天假。❷Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort­listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.”她说：“我们不知道是谁推荐了(外)祖母。当我们接到电话说她被列入候选名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。”❸Putyourwatchforward；itisfiveminutesslow.把你的表往前拨，它慢了5分钟。❹We'veputforwardthedateofourweddingbyoneweek.我们已把婚期提前了一周。判断下列句子中putforward的含义/用put的相关短语完成下面情景①Iwassurprisedtolearnthatmymanagerwasputtingmeforwardforthepromotion.________________②Thenewlyelectedmayorhasputforwardanumberofplanstodealwiththehousingcrisisinthecity.________________③Theyputthemeetingforwardfrom4：00p．m.to2：30p．m.________________④Hearingthatthebuildingwasonfire,themayor________thephone,________hiscoatandwenttothesiteofthefire.Therethefirefightersweretryingtheirbestto________thefire.Butsomeexperts________asuggestionthatthefirefightersshouldn'tbeallowedtogettooclosetothefire.Becauseofthebigfire,themayorhadto________severalimportantmeetings.重点句型解构(教材原句)Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone.科学的第一个价值是大家都熟知的。[句式分析]此句中“ofvalue”为“of＋名词结构”“of＋名词”结构“of＋名词”结构可在句中作表语、后置定语和宾语补足语。该结构可分为两类：(1)可以转化为同根形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value,use,importance,help,significance,benefit,beauty等。名词前可用no,some,any,little,much,great等词修饰，用来表示程度。❶Dictionariesareofgreathelp(＝veryhelpful)toEnglishlearners.词典对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。❷Infact,sportscanbeofgreatbenefit(＝verybeneficial)toourhealth.事实上，运动对我们的健康会很有益。(2)不可以转化为形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有color,size,age,height,weight,shape,type,kind,price,quality等，名词前可用different,thesame,a(n)等来修饰。❸Coinsmaybeofdifferentsizes,weights,shapes,andmetals.硬币可能在大小、重量、形状和(铸造所用的)金属方面有所不同。❹Thesepensareofmanydifferentcolors.这些钢笔有许多不同的颜色。❺Thetworoomsareofasize/ofthesamesize.这两个房间大小一样。❻TomandIareofthesameage.我和汤姆一样大。结合“of＋名词”的用法完成句子①当你周游上海时你会发现这张地图对你很有用。You'llfindthismapis________________________toyouwhenyouaretravelingaroundShanghai.(value)②这种新药物的发现对心脏病患者来说非常重要。Thediscoveryofthenewdrugis________________________________topeoplewhosufferfromhearttrouble.(importance)③请把这些东西捐给慈善机构。它们对我没有用了。Pleasedonatethesethingstocharities.Theyare________________________tome.(use)④他们的产品质量很好，销往全国各地。Theirproductsare________________________andaresoldalloverthecountry.(quality)⑤这对双胞胎身高相同，但体重不同。Thetwinsare__________________________________，butdifferentinweight.(height)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Accordingtoourrules,smokingisnotp________inouroffice.2．Thescientistwasdeterminedtomakeagreatbreakthroughin________(科学的)research.3．Sometimes,peopledon'tlikeaskingquestionsforfearofappearingstupidand________(无知的)．4．RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhe________(出版)hisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.5．Thevolunteers'primary________(责任)istohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestorealizetheirownimportance.6．Inourcountry,everyonehastherightand________(自由)toexpresshisthoughtsandideas.7．IntraditionalChineseculture,________(婚姻)decisionsweremadebyparentsfortheirchildren.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．—Wouldyoupermitme________here?—Sorry,wedon'tpermit________inthelibrary.(smoke)2．Yourdadwillgobananasifheknowsyouoftendrivehiscarwithout________(permit)．3．Itake________forgrantedthatyouhavealreadychecktheanswer.4．Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytoget________(involve)invariousactivitiesonEarthDay.5．Thebestwaytoencourageyourkidstoenjoymealsistoinvolvethem________preparingthem.6．________hiscredit,MrGreenmanagedtogettheimportantceremonyorganizedevenifthetimewassolimited.7．Alargenumberofpeoplehavesentoff________(apply)forthejob.Someofthe________(apply)maybedisappointedbecauseonlyonethirdapplying________ithavethechancetobeemployed.8．Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.9．Itwas________fineweatherthattheyallwentswimming.10．I'mresponsible________thesaleofalltheproducts.Inotherwords,Ishouldtake________forthesaleofalltheproducts.(responsible)Ⅲ.完成句子1．科学家向艾滋病宣战以求在治疗艾滋病方面取得突破。Scientists________________AIDSinordertomakeabreakthroughintreatingit.(declare)2．弗兰克实在拿不准这工作是不是适合他。Frankwasveryuncertain__________________．(asto)3．经理提议我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。Themanager______________________________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(put)4．——你如果不给露西带生日礼物，会让她失望的。——谢谢你提醒我。今晚我一定给她买一份。—Ifyoudon'tbringabirthdaypresenttoLucy,youmay________________．—Thankyouforremindingme.SurelyI'llbuyheronethisevening.Ⅳ.课文语法填空Whatisthevalueofscience?Thefirstvalueisthatscientificknowledgeenablesus1.________(do)andmakeallkindsofthings.Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad—2.________itdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpower3.________(have)obviousvalue.Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectualenjoymentitcanprovideus4.________.Thankstothescientificeffort,wehavebeenledtoimagineall5.________(sort)ofthingswhicharemorefantasticthanpoetsanddreamersofthepastevercould.Let's