适用于新高考新教材广西专版2025届高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题一名词数词形容词副词课件新人教版

语法专题突破专题一名词、数词、形容词、副词英语增素能精准突破一、名词的数及名词之间的转换【真题语境】◆名词的数1.(2023·全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethat/whichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural

(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive

(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.

3.(2022·全国甲卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.

wonders

interviews

populations

4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe

(human)are.

5.(2021·全国乙卷)

(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

6.(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.

humansActivities

watchtowers

7.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_________

(cause).

8.(2018·浙江卷)FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese

(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.

causes

dishes

◆名词之间的转换9.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma

(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

scientist【用法点拨】1.名词的复数变化规则①一般情况下在单数形式后面加-s或-es,例如:map—maps,book—books,girl—girls,day—days②以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,例如:family—families,baby—babies,army—armies,body—bodies③以元音字母加y结尾的名词或以y结尾的专有名词后面加-s,例如:boy—boys,toy—toys④以f或fe结尾的词,变f和fe为v再加-es或-s,例如:knife—knives,wife—wives,leaf—leaves,thief—thieves,half—halves,loaf—loaves,shelf—shelves⑤少数以-f或-fe结尾的词加-s,例如:belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs⑥以s,x,ch,sh等结尾的名词后加-es,例如:class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes⑦以元音字母加o结尾的名词,一般加-s,例如:radio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos⑧以辅音字母加o结尾的名词加-es,例如:hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes⑨以th结尾的名词加-s,例如:truth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths2.名词复数的不规则变化①改变名词中的元音字母,例如:man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,tooth—teeth②在词尾加-en或-ren,例如:child—children,ox—oxen③单复数相同,例如:species,sheep,deer,fish,series,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss④只有复数形式,例如:trousers,clothes,goods⑤一些集体名词用作复数,例如:people,police⑥部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员),例如:audience,class,family,group二、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级【真题语境】◆形容词、副词的比较级1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the

(hot)thespring!

2.(2021·全国甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!

3.(2021·浙江卷)Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch

(small)thanitistoday.

hotter

better

smaller

4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare

(high)thantheyactuallyare.

5.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears

(long)thannon-runners.

6.(2018·浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordablebutdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven

(high)costonyourhealth.

7.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)Even

(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.

higher

longer

higherworse

8.(2017·浙江卷)Sixteenyears

(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.

earlier

◆形容词、副词的最高级9.(2022·全国甲卷)Andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s

(high)mountain.

10.(2022·全国乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe

(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

11.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir

(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.

highest

largest

finest【用法点拨】形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成1.规则变化①单音节词一般在词尾直接加-er或-est,例如:small→smaller→smallestgreat→greater→greatesthard→harder→hardest②以e结尾的单音节词和少数以ble结尾的双音节词在词尾加-r或-st,例如:fine→finer→finestable→abler→ablest③重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est,例如:thin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottestbig→bigger→biggest④以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er或-est,例如:happy→happier→happiestearly→earlier→earliest⑤多音节和部分双音节的形容词和副词,在原级前加more或most,例如:careful→morecareful→mostcarefuldifficult→moredifficult→mostdifficult2.不规则变化

原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest三、词性转换(一)名词与形容词之间的转换

【真题语境】◆名词转换为形容词1.(2023·全国甲卷)

(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)...Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand

(confidence)speakingEnglish.

3.(2022·全国甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore

(meaning).

Different

confident

meaningful

4.(2021·全国乙卷)Provide

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.

5.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Itoldhimhow

(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.

6.(2021·全国甲卷)...westoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

(day)routines.

7.(2020·北京卷)Oliversaysifyou’re

(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit’spossible.

financialharmful

daily

lucky

8.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The

(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.

9.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,

(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.

10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)“...Wearesoproudofher.It’s

(wonder).”

11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany

(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.

12.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways___________

(energy).

beautiful

wealthy

wonderful

traditional

energetic

◆形容词转换为名词13.(2022·全国乙卷)Chinahasa

(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

14.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular____________

(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)...

15.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filledwith

(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

16.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Historical

(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

responsibilityinterest

curiosity

accuracy【用法点拨】1.名词转换为形容词的常见后缀-ialoffice→official官方的;society→social社会的-almusic→musical音乐的;person→personal私人的;nation→national国家的;education→educational教育的;tradition→traditional传统的-yrain→rainy多雨的;wealth→wealthy富裕的;sun→sunny晴朗的;health→healthy健康的-ful/-lesswonder→wonderful精彩的;beauty→beautiful漂亮的;home→homeless无家可归的;meaning→meaningful有意义的/meaningless无意义的-aryrevolution→revolutionary革命的-ablereason→reasonable有道理的;comfort→comfortable舒适的其他science→scientific科学的;energy→energetic精力充沛的;fool→foolish愚蠢的

2.形容词转换为名词的常见后缀

-ityresponsible→responsibility责任;curious→curiosity好奇心-cyfluent→fluency流利;private→privacy隐私,私密;accurate→accuracy精确;efficient→efficiency效率,功效-nesshappy→happiness快乐;kind→kindness仁慈-domfree→freedom自由;wise→wisdom智慧-thtrue→truth真相;warm→warmth温暖;wide→width宽度;deep→depth深(度);strong→strength力量;long→length长度-tysafe→safety安全;cruel→cruelty残酷,残暴-yhonest→honesty诚实;difficult→difficulty困难-encedifferent→difference不同(之处);silent→silence寂静;patient→patience耐心;absent→absence缺席;present→presence出席;confident→confidence信心;convenient→convenience方便-anceimportant→importance重要(性)(二)动词与名词间的转换

真题语境】◆动词转换为名词1.(2023·全国甲卷)However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty__________

(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe

(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing...

3.(2022·全国甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental

(protect).

warning

arrival

protection

4.(2021·全国乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourism...andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

(develop)ofthelocalareas.

5.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Acompany

(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingovertheplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.

6.(2021·浙江卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir

(marry)ceremonyin1842.

7.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)ChineseNewYearisa

(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.

developmentrepresentative

marriage

celebration

8.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting

(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.

9.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa________

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.

10.(2018·浙江卷)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein

(weigh)problems.

competitionbelief

weight

◆名词转换为动词11.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto

(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.

strengthen【用法点拨】动词转换为名词的常见后缀-mentmove→movement移动;pave→pavement人行道;disappoint→disappointment失望;argue→argument辩论,论据;achieve→achievement成就;develop→development发展-agemarry→marriage婚姻;store→storage贮存-ion/-tion/-ation/-itioninvent→invention发明;communicate→communication交流;associate→association关联;translate→translation翻译;expect→expectation期待,期望;explain→explanation解释;add→addition添加,加法-urefail→failure失败,没做到;press→pressure压力;mix→mixture混合,混合物;depart→departure离开,出发-ance/-enceappear→appearance出现,外貌;prefer→preference偏爱;guide→guidance指引,指导;refer→reference参考,查阅;perform→performance表演,节目;exist→existence存在,生存-alapprove→approval赞成;arrive→arrival到达;survive→survival幸存-(s)iondiscuss→discussion讨论;decide→decision决定-inghear→hearing听力,听觉;begin→beginning开始部分;swim→swimming游泳

-yrecover→recovery恢复,痊愈;discover→discovery发现其他believe→belief信仰;behave→behavior行为;know→knowledge知识;beg→beggar乞丐(三)形容词转换为副词

【真题语境】1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketis

(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy...

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)So,whataretheylearning?

(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.

3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and____________

(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.

rarely

Basically

eventually

4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!

5.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis

(extreme)challenging.

6.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.

(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.

7.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved,

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.

undoubtedlyextremely

Certainly

gently

8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen

(poor)studied.

9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave

(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanoftheYear.

poorly

finally【用法点拨】1.形容词转换为副词的规则①一般情况下形容词后直接加-ly,例如:quick→quickly;apparent→apparently;eventual→eventually②以辅音字母加y结尾的,一般把y变为i再加-ly,例如:lucky→luckily;happy→happily③以le结尾的,一般去e加-y,例如:simple→simply;horrible→horribly④以ll结尾的,直接加-y,例如:full→fully⑤以ic结尾的,加-ally,例如:basic→basically⑥有些单词的形容词和副词同形,例如:hard,fast,early,late2.常见的副词后缀

-lystrangely奇怪地gently轻轻地truly真实地extremely极度地mainly主要地-ward(s)backward(s)向后homeward(s)向家eastward(s)向东-wiseclockwise顺时针方向地【名师点睛】以-ly结尾的词不一定是副词,也可能是形容词,如:friendly友好的;yearly每年的;lovely可爱的;lonely孤单的;likely可能发生的(四)动词转换为形容词

【真题语境】1.(2023·全国乙卷)The

(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere...

2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao

long

bao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,

(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.

3.(2021·全国乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics...remarkable

tasty

educated

4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

(astonish).

5.(2018·浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe

(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.astonished

affordable【用法点拨】动词转换为形容词的常见后缀-edexcite→excited感到兴奋的;surprise→surprised感到吃惊的-ingamaze→amazing令人惊奇的;interest→interesting令人感兴趣的-ableeat→eatable可食用的;afford→affordable负担得起的-fulforget→forgetful健忘的-ystick→sticky黏的;shine→shiny光亮的-tiveattract→attractive吸引人的;prevent→preventive预防的(五)基数词转换为序数词

【真题语境】1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

(six)centuryB.C.

2.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I’vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe

(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.

sixth

seventh【用法点拨】序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以y结尾的基数词变序数词,先把y变为i,再加-eth。例如:thetwentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但当序数词不表示顺序,而表示“再一”“又一”时,要用不定冠词。测效果课堂评价一、练时鲜——单句语法填空1.Anotherfactorbehindfootball’s

(popular)istheexcitementonthefield.

2.ThebikesarepopularamongmanyChinesepeopleastheyprovidean

(effect)solutioninplaceswhereit’sdifficulttochangefromonemeansoftransporttoanother.

3.TheuseofAItechnologyprovidesa

(broad)platformandstrongerknowledgesupportforculturalrelicsamongyoungpeople.

4.Bymonitoringyourenergyuseand

(automatic)turningofflightsandotherdevicesthatyou’renotusing,smartphonescanlowermuchelectricityyouuseoverall.

5.Butnow,intheageoftheInternetandsocialmedia,anyonewithanInternet

(connect)canenjoyasocialeatingevent.

popularity

effective

broader

automatically

connection二、练模拟——单句语法填空1.(2023·福建宁德重点中学高三一模)Outdoorexerciseprovidesalotofbenefitsbeyondthoseseenwith

(tradition)indoorworkouts.

2.(2023·山西太原二模)Throughe-commerce,thegovernmenthastaken

(measure)toincreasesalesoflocalagriculturalproducts.

3.(2023·广西玉林高三三模)Ithasbeenaninnovativemeansofentertainmentsinceitscreation,delightingaudiencesforover1,900yearswithitsuniqueartistryand

(creative).

4.(2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研)This

(true)representsBeijing—theoldandthenew,nicelymixingtogether.

traditional

measures

creativity

truly

5.(2022·山东潍坊三模)Everymorning,40-year-oldprincipalZhangPengfeiwouldleadabout700pupilsontheplaygroundinasynchronised“ghostshuttle”routine—adancethatincludescontemporaryjazz

(step)withheel,toe,andarmmovements.

6.(2022·广西鹿寨中学高三三模)In1970,Chinalauncheditsfirstman-madeEarthsatellite,becomingthefifthcountryintheworldtolaunchman-madesatellites

(independent).

7.(2022·广西柳州高三三模)AssoonasIopenedthebook,Iwas__________

(immediate)attractedbyMonkeyKing’sfigureofbraveryandadventure.

stepsindependently

immediately

8.(2022·江苏南京、盐城高三一模)Aruraltourtotheprovincemightallowtravellerstohaveaglanceattheirdailylivesaswellasthe____________

(develop)ofChina’srur