构词法(共29张课件)

构词法基础知识

英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、合成合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词。合成形式主要有以下几种：1.合成名词

名词+名词：postman,girlfriend,flowerbed,notebook

形容词+名词：blackboard,supermarket,greenhouse

名词+动词：daybreak,sunrise

动词-ing形式+名词：readingroom,washingmachine

名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting,动词+名词：pickpocket（小偷）,workroom

动词+副词：breakup,get-together

其它形式：go-between（中介）,passer-by2.合成形容词

形容词/数词+名词+ed：warm-hearted,five-storeyed

名词+过去分词：home-made,hand-made

名词+形容词：world-famous

形容词/数词+名词：full-time,second-hand

形容词+过去分词：newborn,short-sighted

副词+过去分词：well-known,newly-built

其它形式：face-to-face3.合成代词

代词宾格/物主代词+self/selves：herself,ourselves

某些不定代词some,any,every,no等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4.合成介词

介词+介词：throughout,within5.合成副词

副词+名词：indoors,overhead,upstairs

介词+名词：beforehand（提前）

名词+形容词：sky-high

副词+介词：nearby

6.合成动词

副词+动词：overhear,overwork,underline

名词+动词：moonwalk,sunbathe

形容词+动词：whitewash,safeguard

二、转化转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变化而由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。

1.动词转化为名词如feed（v.喂养→n.饲料），draw（v.画画，抽，拉→n.平局）等。2.形容词转化为动词、名词或副词

①有些形容词可以转化为动词。如：quiet（adj.安静的→v.使安静）。

②有些形容词可以转化为名词。如：quiet(adj.安静的，寂静的→n.安静，寂静);calm(adj.镇静的→n.泰然自若)。patient（adj.耐心的——n.病人）

三、派生派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。1.常见前缀：1）in-,il-,im-,ir-,un-,non-，dis-，mis-(表否定或反义):incomplete,illegal,impossible,irregular,unwise,non-smoker，dislike，misunderstand2）over-,super-,under-(表程度):overweight,supermarket,undercharge（低价索取）3）fore-,trans-,inter-(表位置):forehead,transplant,international4）re-,post-,pre-(表次序、时间):rebuild,post-war,pre-school5）bi-,tri-,multi-,semi-(表数量):bicycle,tricycle,multi-racial,semicircle8）形容词变动词的前缀en-,large-enlargeRich-enrich2.常见后缀：爱疯英语P2332.常见后缀：1.名词+hoodhood(表身份、性质):motherhood,brotherhood2.名词后加-ship(表状态、身份):friendship,membership3.动词或者名词后加-ess(表女性):waitress4.动词后加-ee(表动作承受者):employee5.动词后加-er或-or(表施事者):employer,actor6.-ist(表主义者、从事某种职业):socialist,violinist-al(表行为、结果):refusal,arrival动词后去不发音的-e加-tion或直接加-tion(表过程、状态):translation,election

动词后加ment(表……的行为):arrangement,movement2）形容词后缀-ed(动词后加ed表具有):excited,amazed-ful(名词后加ful表充满):hopeful,thankful-less(名词后面加less,表没有……的):careless,useless-like(表“像”):childlike-ly(表特色、“每”):monthly,daily-y(表具有……特征):sandy-ity,-ness(形容词转名词):diversity（差异）,happiness-able,-ive(动词转形容词):changeable,attractive练习专项练习根据括号内的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。A1.Idon’tthinkwe’llgodowntothebeachtoday.It’stoo________(cloud).2.IttookusquitealongtimetogettotheArtGallery.Itwasa(n)_________(三小时的)journey.3.Wedecidedtotaketheflatbecauseitwasquitelargeandtherentwasvery__________(reason).cloudythree-hourreasonable4.Thisbikeis____________(二手的)butit’sstillingoodcondition.5.Drug________(addict)isaproblemcausinggreatconcern.6.Mybrotherisreally____________(辛勤工作的).Heoftenworksinhisofficefarintothenight.7.Afterlosingherjobshewas___________(employ)foramonth.8.I’mnotsureatall.Ireallycan’tsaywith_________(certain).second-handaddictionhard-workingunemployedcertaintyBEve:Ithinkitnecessarytohavesomecultural1.______________(communicate)betweenchildrenindifferentcountries.Ben:Icouldn’tagreemore.Itis2.___________(mean).Notonlycanitbroadenour3.______________(多种文化的)knowledgeandenrichourlives,itcanalsoenableustodevelopunlimitedloveand4.________(friend)withothersfromvarioussocial5.____________(背景).communicationmeaningfulmulticulturalfriendshipbackgroundsCAlthoughmysisterandIhavea(n)1.________(differ)mother,weare2.________(certain)alike.Thisisnotjustamatterof3.___________(appear)thoughwearesmallwithcurlyhairandhaveatendencytoovereatandputonweight.Theresemblancegoesmuchfurtherthanthat.Throughoutour4._________(child)wewerebroughtuptobeveryadaptableandour5._______(able)toacceptchangeisanothercharacteristicweshare.certainlyappearancedifferentchildhoodabilityAnotherwouldbe6.________(shy).Weallhatepartieswhereyouhavetowalkintoa(n)7.________(room)ofstrangefaces.Weareallinterestedinwea