【解析】四川省南充市高三第三次高考适应性考试（6月）英语试题

南充市高2020届第三次高考适应性考试英语试题第I卷(100分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.&19.15.B.&9.18.C.&29.15.答案是C。1.Whatwastheweatherlikeintheearlymorning?A.Rainy.B.Fine.C.Foggy.2.HowdidGracegettoschool?A.BycarB.Bybus.C.Bybike.3.Whichbuttonhasthemanlost?A.Theoneonthepocket.B.Theoneonthecollar.C.Theoneonthesleeve.4.Whatwillthemandonextyear?A.Lookforapartimejob.B.Attendamarketingcourse.C.Continuetoworkinthepany.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Adish.B.Asupermarket.C.Arestaurant.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。6.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwithaboutthefirstdress?A.Thewidebelt.B.Thelongsleeves.C.Thewhiteflowersonthesleeves.7.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.GetherdressbackfromAngela.B.BorrowanicedressfromAngela.C.GivehershortsleeveddresstoAngela.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。8.WhatiswrongwithShannon?A.Shecannotfindherdog.B.Shecannotpleaseherboss.C.Sheisundergreatpressure.9.Whatdoesthemantrytodo?A.fortthewoman.B.Refusethewoman.C.Scoldthewoman.10.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Satisfied.B.Upset.C.Busy.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。11.Whydoesthemanwantsomefurniture?A.Toreceiveguests.B.Tolethisapartmentout.C.Tomakehisapartmentlookdifferent.12.Whatdoesthewomanoffertogivetheman?A.Asofa.B.Atelevision.C.Twotables.13.Wherewillthemanprobablygetashelf?A.Fromagaragesale.B.Fromafurniturestore.C.Fromhisparents’house听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。14.WhendidElenadecidetobeeadancer?A.Attheageof7.B.Attheageof9.C.Attheageof11.15.WhatdoesElenasayabouttheballetCinderella?A.Shesawitwhenshewaslittle.B.Themusicwasunfamiliartoher.C.Itwillbeverypopularwithchildren.16.WhatdoesElenaoftendoforherfans?A.Shegivesthemaflower.B.Shesendsthemafreeticket.C.Shegivesawayherphotographs.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Toremendamusiccourse.B.Toinvitepeopletovisitamusiccollege.C.ToattractmorestudentstoBrownstokeCollege.18.WhatdidLenaPhippsusetobe?A.Ateacher.B.Ajazzsinger.C.Anoperasinger.19.WhyweretherenomorethantenstudentsinLenaPhipps'class?A.Theclassroomisnotbigenough.B.Studentscangetenoughattention.C.Notmanypeopleareinterestedinthecourse.20.Whatdoesthespeakeradviselistenerstodo?A.Cooktheirownmeals.B.Makeareservationearly.C.Performsongsconfidently.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AFourSydneyYouthStampGroup(SYSG)workshopsareheldeachyearduringtheschoolholidaysforchildrenaged7to17.WehaveaJuniorgroup(7to11yearolds)andaSeniorgroup(12to17yearolds).Theworkshopsareforchildrenathomeandabroad,whowanttofurthertheirstampcollectingenjoymentandskills,andweespeciallywelethosewhoarenewtothisfield.2020WorkshopDates:Friday24January2020Theme:ItalySaturday18April2020Theme:SportinAustraliaSaturday18July2020Theme:USASaturday10October2020Theme:NetherlandsCost:FreeVenue:PhilatelicAssociationofNSW,Inc.(PhilasHouse)17BrisbaneStreet,SurryHillsTime:10:30amto3:00pm(childrenaretobeseatedby10:30am.Parents,pleasearrivealittleearliertohaveyourchildren’snamescheckedoff)Howtobook:Downloadaregistrationform,clickhere(PDF24kb).pletetheformandmailittotheCoordinator(协调者)。TheCoordinatorwillsendyouanemailconfirmingyourbooking.Bookingsareacceptedupto28daysbeforeeachworkshop.ParentscanalsoemailtheCoordinatortoaddyournametoourmailinglist,youwillreceivealetterinthemailandregistrationform,aboutournextworkshop.Items(物品)childrencanbring(weunderstandbeginnersmaynothavesomeoftheseitems,butdonotworry,justealong):StampAlbum,withorwithoutstampsLeadpencil,colouredpencils,scissors,ruler,ballpointorfelttippenAustralianStampCatalogue(SevenSeaspreferablyafairlyrecentedition)1.WhoaremostweledintheSYSGworkshops?A.Juniorgroupmembers.B.Seniorgroupmembers.C.Foreignstampcollectors.D.Beginnersofstampcollecting.2.WhatdoesthelastSYSGworkshopin2020focuson?A.SportinAustralia B.NetherlandsC.Italy D.America3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebsite. B.Achildrenmagazine.C.Atouristbrochure. D.Anewspaper.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】本文属于应用文。介绍了悉尼青年邮票俱乐部每年在四个不同时间举办的工作坊的时间、地点、参加者的年龄要求、如何预定要参加的工作坊，以及参加者要带的物品等情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。第一段最后一句“…weespeciallywelethosewhoarenewtothisfield.”可知，工作坊特别欢迎那些初入集邮领域的新手，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据2020WorkshopDates中的“Saturday10October2020—Theme:Netherlands”可知，2020年最后那次工作坊的主题是Netherlands。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Howtobook中的“Downloadaregistrationform，clickhere(PDF24kb).pletetheformandmailittotheCoordinator”可知：请点击这里，登记表格，填完后，将其发送给协调人员。由此推知本文选自某一网站。故选A。BBeingstuckbehindcrowdsofslowwalkerswhenyou’reinahurryisoneofthemostannoyingthings.Butnow,LakesideShoppingCentreinEssex,oneoftheUK’slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlane(通道)forshoppersinahurry,aimingtohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheangerthatgoeswiththem.TheLakesideShoppingCenterinEssexhasintroduceda720foot“fastlane”reservedforfastwalkersonly,justintimefortheChristmasrush.TheCenter’smanagementteamsaid,“Thelanewillhelptheshopperswhoknowwheretheywanttogoquicklyanddon’twanttogetcaughtinbehindunhurriedshoppersatthebusiesttimeoftheyear.”ThefastlanewasintroducedafteraMasterCardsurveyfoundthat80percentofconsumersfoundslowwalkerstheirbiggestannoyancewhileshopping.Theresearchalsofoundthattheaveragewalkingspeedsloweddownby21percentduringtheChristmasshoppingperiod,asmostshoppersspentmoretimewindowshoppingduringthisperiod.GaryMortimer,anexpertfromtheQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,saidhewasn’tsurprisedbythepromotionaboutthelaunchofthefastlane,andthoughttheconceptwouldappealtoshoppersallovertheworld.“Crowdedparkinglotsandbusyshoppingcenterstendtobetwoofthebiggestplaintsofshoppersoverthefestiveseason,”hesaid.“Ithinkthefastlanesareanewapproach.However,Isuspectitwillbeabitlikefastlanesonthehighway,soitmightendupbeingmoretroublethanitsworth.TheMasterCardsurveyalsoidentifiedthefourmostmontypesofshoppers.Theyinclude“Skaters”whotryandmaketheirwaythroughcrowdspolitely,“Dodgers”whomovedownthepathstoavoidslowwalkers,“Bulldozers"whopushtheirwaythroughcrowds,and“Tutters”whoexpresstheirfrustrationstoslowwalkers.4.Thefastlaneisintendedfortheshopperswho____.A.can’tmovequicklybecauseofphysicaldisabilitiesB.buythingsontheirshoppinglistsquicklyC.taketheirtimetodowindowshoppingD.wanttoleavethemallquickly5.WhatisGaryMortimer’sattitudetothefastlane?A.Supportive. B.Indifferent.C.Objective. D.Negative.6.Whopatientlymovesbehindaslowcrowd?A.Skaters. B.Dodgers.C.Bulldozers. D.Tutters.7.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Shoppingcanbeannoyingsometimes.B.Howtoavoid“slowwalkers”whenshopping.C.Theproblemsthatshoppingcentersfaceduringbusyholidays.D.Theshoppingmallcreatesthefastlanetoavoid“slowwalkers”【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述针对圣诞节期间的顾客，购物中心创造快速车道避免"慢行者"，并针对这一现象进行了讨论。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Butnow,LakesideShoppingCentreinEssex,oneoftheUK’slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlane(通道)forshoppersinahurry,aimingtohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheangerthatgoeswiththem.（但现在，英国最大的购物中心之一埃塞克斯的湖畔购物中心(LakesideShoppingCentre)为匆忙的购物者推出了自己的“快车道”，旨在帮助没有耐心的购物者避免走得慢的人以及随之而来的愤怒）可知“快车道”是专为那些在购物单上快速购物的人设计的。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文中GaryMortimer说的话："Ithinkthefastlanesareanovelapproach.However,Isuspectitwillbeabitlikefastlanesonthehighway,soitmightendupbeingmoretroublethanitsworth."(我认为快车道是一种新颖的方法。但是，我怀疑它会有点像高速公路上的快车道，所以它可能比它的价值更麻烦)可见他对于fastlane的评价是客观的，既说出它的优点也指出了它可能存在的问题，故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Theyinclude"Skaters"the31percentofshopperswhotryandmaketheirwaythroughcrowdspolitely可见，Skaters是礼貌地试着穿过人群。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句oneoftheUK'slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlaneforshoppersinahurry,aimingtohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheragethatgoeswiththem.(英国最大的购物中心之一，已经为匆忙中的购物者引入了自己的快车道，旨在帮助不耐烦的购物者避免慢步者以及随之而来的愤怒)是本文的主旨句，因此推断本文主要讲述购物中心创造快速车道避免“慢行者”，故选D。CPinocchiomaybejustachildren'sfairytale,butSpanishscientistsattheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedthesocalled''Pinocchioeffect''andfoundthatournosesdon'tgrowwhenwetellalie,butactuallyshrinkabit.Dr.EmilioGómezMilánandhisteamdevelopedaliedetectortestthatusedthermographytotellifpeoplewerelying,andfoundthatwheneverparticipantsintheirresearchwerebeinguntruthful,thetemperatureofthetipsoftheirnosesdroppedupto1.2℃,whilethetemperatureoftheirforeheadincreasedupto1.5℃.Scientistsalsofoundthatdropintemperatureatnoselevelactuallycausedittoslightlyshrink,althoughthedifferenceisundetectedbythehumaneye.''Onehastothinkinordertolie,whichrisesthetemperatureoftheforehead,''Dr.GomezMilanexplainedthefindings.''Atthesametimewefeelanxious,whichlowersthetemperatureofthenose.''Forthisstudy,researchersaskedanumberof60studentstoperformvarioustaskswhilebeingscannedbythermalimagingtechnology.Oneofthesetasksinvolvedcallinga3to4minutescalltotheirparents,partnerorafriendandtellingasignificantlie.Participantshadtodevisetheliebythemselvesduringthecall,andthethermalcameraspickedupthis''reversePinocchioeffect''causedbythefluctuation(起伏)intemperatureinthenoseandforehead.Interestingly,thethermalliedoctorpickedupthetemperaturedifferencein80percentoftestsubjects,whichisabetterrateofsuccessthanthatofanymodernliedoctor.''Withthismethodwehaveachievedtoincreaseaccuracyandreducetheoccurrenceof'falsepositives',somethingthatisfrequentlywithothermethodssuchasthepolygraph(测谎仪),''saidDr.EmilioGómezMilán,whoaddedthatlawenforcementinterviewerscouldonedaybineotherliedetectiontechnologywiththermalimagingtoachievebetterresults.Thethermalliedoctorhasbeenthemostreliableintheworld10%morethanthepopularpolygraph.8.Whydoestheauthormention''Pinocchio''atthebeginning?A.Totellafairystory B.Towarnusnottolie.C.Tointroducearesearch. D.Toinspireustodoubtoldbeliefs.9.Accordingtotheresearch,whatmighthappenifyoutellalie?A.Yournosegetslonger.B.Yournosebeessmaller.C.Yourtemperaturegetshigher.D.Yourtemperatureremainsstable.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearch?A.Researchersconductthestudybyinterviewing.B.Researchersdesigndifferenceliesforparticipants.C.Thethermalliedetectorwillproveapopularone.D.Thethermalliedoctormayassistlawenforcement.11.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Willliedetectorstellthetruth?B.Willlyingmakeyournoselonger?C.Willlyingmakeyourtemperaturerise?D.Willthermalimagingtechnologybereliable?【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。匹诺曹一说谎鼻子就变长?文章由匹诺曹为切入点，介绍了一个研究，该研究发现人在撒谎时鼻尖温度会降低，这会导致鼻子稍微变小。这就是“匹诺曹效应”。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Pinocchiomaybejustachildren'sfairytale,butSpanishscientistsattheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedthesocalled''Pinocchioeffect''andfoundthatournosesdon'tgrowwhenwetellalie,butactuallyshrinkabit.(匹诺曹可能知识一个孩子们童话故事，但是西班牙Granada大学的科学家最近进行了一个名叫“匹诺曹”相应的研究，并且发现，我们撒谎时鼻子不会长长，而事实上会稍微缩小)以及下文内容可推测，第一段提到匹诺曹是为了引出一个关于人们说谎时鼻子会稍微缩小的研究。C.Tointroducearesearch.(为了引出一个研究)符合以上推测，故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的foundthatwheneverparticipantsintheirresearchwerebeinguntruthful,thetemperatureofthetipsoftheirnosesdroppedupto1.2℃,…Scientistsalsofoundthatdropintemperatureatnoselevelactuallycausedittoslightlyshrink(发现参与者无论什么时候说谎，他们鼻尖的温度会下降多达1.2℃……科学家们发现鼻尖温度的下降实际上会让鼻子稍微缩小)可知，研究发现说谎时鼻子会稍微缩小。B.Yournosebeessmaller.(鼻子会变得更小)符合以上说法，故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段''Withthismethodwehaveachievedtoincreaseaccuracyandreducetheoccurrenceof'falsepositives',somethingthatisfrequentlywithothermethodssuchasthepolygraph(测谎仪),''saidDr.EmilioGómezMilán,whoaddedthatlawenforcementinterviewerscouldonedaybineotherliedetectiontechnologywiththermalimagingtoachievebetterresults.(“埃米利奥·戈麦斯·米兰博士说：“用这种方法我们提高了测谎准确率，降低了误报的发生率，而用测谎器等方法经常会出现误报。”他还说，执法部门负责审讯的官员有一天将能把热成像技术和其他测谎技术结合起来以达到更准确的结果。)可知，热感测谎医生在将来可能会帮助到执法部门。D.Thethermalliedoctormayassistlawenforcement.(热感测谎医生可能会帮助到执法部门)符合以上说法，故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的SpanishscientistsattheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedthesocalled''Pinocchioeffect''andfoundthatournosesdon'tgrowwhenwetellalie,butactuallyshrinkabit.可知，匹诺曹一说谎鼻子就变长?文章由匹诺曹为切入点，介绍了一个研究，该研究发现人在撒谎时鼻尖温度会降低，这会导致鼻子稍微变小。这就是“匹诺曹效应”。B.Willlyingmakeyournoselonger?(撒谎会让你的鼻子变长吗？)可以作为本文标题故选B项。DAnecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociatedwithlivinginforeignparts.RudyardKipling,PabloPicasso,ErnestHemingway,PaulGauguin,SamuelBeckettandothersspentyearslivingabroad.Nowapairofpsychologisthasproventhatthereisindeedalink.AstheyreportintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,WilliamMadduxofINSEAD,abusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France,andAdamGalinsky,oftheKelloggSchoolofManagementinChicago,presented155Americanbusinessstudentsand55foreignonesstudyinginAmericawithatestusedbypsychologistsasameasureofcreativityGivenacandle,somematchesandaboxofdrawingpins,thestudentswereaskedtoattachthecandletoacardboardwallsothatnowaxwoulddriponthefloorwhenthecandlewaslit.(Thesolutionistousetheboxasacandleholderandfixittothewallwiththepin.)Theyfound60%ofthestudentswhowereeitherlivingabroadorhadspentsometimedoingso,solvedtheproblem,whereasonly42%ofthosewhohadnotlivedabroaddidso.Afollowupstudywith72Americansand36foreignersexploredtheircreativenegotiatingskills.Pairsofstudentswereaskedtoplaytheroleofsellerofapetrolstationwhothenneededtogetajobandabuyerwhowouldneedtohirestafftorunthebusiness.Thetwowerelikelytoreachadeadlockbecausethebuyerhadbeentoldhecouldnotaffordwhatthesellerwastoldwashisminimumprice.Nevertheless,whenbothnegotiatorshadlivedabroad70%struckadealinwhichthesellerwasofferedamanagementjobatthepetrolstationinreturnforaloweraskingprice.Whenneitherofthenegotiatorshadlivedabroad,nonewasabletoreachadeal.Merelytravellingabroad,however,wasnotenough.Youdohavetolivethere.Packingyourbeachtowelandsuntanlotionwillnot,byitselfmakeyouHemingway.12.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningthefamousnamesintheopeningparagraph?A.Toshowtherelationshipbetweencreativityandlivingabroad.B.Toindicatethelinkbetweenartisticcreationandlifeexperience.C.Toemphasizehowgreattheseartistsare.D.Toimpresstheimportanceofcreativity.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.WilliamMadduxandAdamGalinskyhavecarefullydesignedthetest.B.Negotiatorswhohadlivedabroadaremoreflexibleinnegotiating.C.Americanbusinessstudentsarelesscreativethanthoseoverseastudents.D.One'screativityisassociatedwiththelengthonehasspentabroad.14.Whatdoestheauthormeaninthelastsentenceofparagraph4?A.Thereexistsharpdifferencesbetweentravellingandlivingabroad.B.Youshouldn'tlieonthebeachwhentravelling.C.Onlyrealexperienceoflivingabroadcanhelpdrivecreativity.D.Livingabroadismoremeaningfulthanjusttravellingabroad.15.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Amagazine.C.Anovel. D.Aguidebook.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现国外生活可以提升创造力。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociatedwithlivinginforeignparts.”可知，长期以来，坊间证据表明，艺术家和作家的创造力可能与生活在外国有关，接下来提到那些著名的人物就是为了证明这一点，即：展示创造力和海外生活之间的关系，故A项正确。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“whenbothnegotiatorshadlivedabroad70%struckadealinwhichthesellerwasofferedamanagementjobatthepetrolstationinreturnforaloweraskingprice.”可知，当谈判的双方都在国外居住时，70%的人达成了协议，由此可知，在国外生活过的谈判者在谈判中更灵活，故B项正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Merelytravellingabroad,however,wasnotenough.Youdohavetolivethere.”可知，然而，仅仅出国旅游是不够的（不能提升创造力），你必须住在那里，由此可知作者说这句话的意思是只有在国外居住才能提升创造力，故C项正确。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，心理学家通过研究发现国外生活可以提升创造力，这属于科学研究范畴，最有可能出现在杂志的科学研究版块，故B项正确。【点睛】本篇第3题的难度较大，抓住上文介绍的创造力和海外生活之间的关系是关键——心理学家通过研究发现国外生活可以提升创造力，因此此处作者是说仅仅出国旅游是不够的，你必须在那里居住才能提升创造力。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youknowthateatinghealthy,stayingactive,andsolvingafewbraingamescanhelpkeepyourmemory.Butthefollowinglesserknownhabitsworkwonderstoo.1.___16___Whenwesitwithourshouldersbentforward,thisdefeatedpositionactuallycausesustofeelanxiousordepressed—whichmakesithardertothinkclearlyandrememberthings.Conversely(反过来),straightuprightpostureapparentlyimprovesmemorybecauseitboostsbloodandoxygenflowtothebrain.2.Exercise—OnceHavingtroublerememberingfaces?___17___Inastudy,picturesoffaceswereshowntoolderfolksaftertheypedalastationary(静止的)bikeatanintensepaceorsimplysitonaselfpedalingbike.Onaverage,peoplerememberedthefacesbetteraftertheintenseexercise.What’smore,thememorygainsafterasingleworkoutweresimilartothegainsafter3monthsofregularexercise.3.LimitTVEveryparentandgrandparenthasheardthattoomuchscreentimecanhurtachild’scognitivedevelopment.___18___Accordingtoastudy,people(aged50orolder)whowatchedmorethan3.5hoursofTVadayfor6yearsexperiencedagreaterdropinverbalmemorytestscoresthanthosewhowatchedless.4.DrawaimlesslyAresearchshowsthosewhodrewthewordsrememberedthemostwhenrecallingwords.That’sbecausewhilesomepartsofthebrainaboutgettingmemorybackbeeworseaspeoplegrowolder,thepictureprocessingregionsusuallydon’t.___19___5.WalkBackward___20___Walkback!Backwardmotion—whetherreal,imagined,orwatched—helpspeopleremembertheinformationbetterthansittingstilland,inmostcases,betterthanforwardmotion.Itmaybethatmovingbackwardinspacementallyhelpsusmovebackintimetothemomentwelearnedsomething.A.SitTall.B.StandStraight.C.Startmoreworkouts.D.Sweatforphysicaltraining.E.Thussketchingcanhelpadultskeeptheirmemorysharp.F.Butwhataboutthoseattheotherendoftheirlifespan?G.Nexttimeyou’retryingtorecallsomething,don’tjustthinkback.【答案】16.A17.D18.F19.E20.G【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了保持大脑记忆功能的一些方法。【16题详解】考查段落标题。根据段落内容“当我们向前弯曲坐着时，这种姿势实际上会使我们感到焦虑或沮丧，这使得清晰思考和记住事情变得更加困难。相反，坐正的姿势显然可以改善记忆力，因为它可以促进血液和氧气流向大脑”。可知，A项（坐正。）能够概括本段内容。该选项中的sit一词在第二段中出现了，该段中的straightupright指的是坐姿要“端正”。故选A项。【17题详解】考查段中句。根据空前“Havingtroublerememberingfaces?（难以记住面孔吗？）”和空后“Inastudy,picturesoffaceswereshowntoolderfolksaftertheypedalastationary(静止的)bikeatanintensepaceorsimplysitonaselfpedalingbike.Onaverage,peoplerememberedthefacesbetteraftertheintenseexercise.What’smore,thememorygainsafterasingleworkoutweresimilartothegainsafter3monthsofregularexercise.（在一项研究中，人脸的照片展示给以剧烈的速度踩踏静止的自行车或只是坐在自动踏板自行车上运动之后的老年人。一般来讲，剧烈运动后人们对面部的记忆更好。而且，一次剧烈锻炼后对保持记忆力的好处与定期锻炼三个月后的效果是相似的。）”可知，D项（在进行体育锻炼时要出汗。）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项是对前面问题的回答，通过锻炼可以使保持记忆力，空格后是在讲一个具体的锻炼方法及它所带来的好处，D项的physicaltraining与本段的regularexercise是相关表达。故选D项。【18题详解】考查段中句。根据空前“Everyparentandgrandparenthasheardthattoomuchscreentimecanhurtachild’scognitivedevelopment.（每个家长和祖父母都听说过对着荧幕时间过久会伤害孩子的认知发展。）”和空后“Accordingtoastudy,people(aged50orolder)whowatchedmorethan3.5hoursofTVadayfor6yearsexperiencedagreaterdropinverbalmemorytestscoresthanthosewhowatchedless.（根据一项研究，年龄在50岁以上的人每天观看电视超过3.5个小时，如持续6年，其语言记忆力测试成绩的下降幅度要比收看较少的人更高。）”可知，F项（那年龄较大的人呢？）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的“thoseattheotherendoftheirlifespan”指的是空格后的people(aged50orolder)。故选F项。【19题详解】考查段尾句。根据空前“Aresearchshowsthosewhodrewthewordsrememberedthemostwhenrecallingwords.That’sbecausewhilesomepartsofthebrainaboutgettingmemorybackbeeworseaspeoplegrowolder,thepictureprocessingregionsusuallydon’t.（一项研究表明，那些画字词的人对单词的记忆最深。那是因为随着人们年纪变大，大脑的某些部位的记忆功能变得更糟，而负责图片处理的大脑区域通常不会。）”可知，E项（因此，画字词可以帮助成年人保持清晰的记忆。）能够承接上文。该选项中的sketching与第五段的标题draw及该段中的drew是同义词，即描绘。故选E项。【20题详解】考查段首句。根据空后“Walkback!Backwardmotionhelpspeopleremembertheinformationbetterthansittingstilland,inmostcases,betterthanforwardmotion.（向后走！向后运动比起静止不动并且在大多数情况下比向前运动更能帮助人们记住信息。）”可知，G项（下次您想回忆某件事时，不要只是通过大脑来回忆。）能够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的back在空格后的句子中出现了。故选G项。【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空格处前后的内容，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等，看是否有同词复现，代词的指代等。在本文中，第1小题：sitstraightupright即sittall；第2小题：D项的physicaltraining与本段的regularexercise是相关表达；第3小题：F选项中的“thoseattheotherendoftheirlifespan”指的是空格后的people(aged50orolder)；第4小题：E选项中的sketching与第五段白标题draw及该段中的drew是同义词；第5小题：G选项中的back在空格后的句子walkback中出现了。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A.B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwascyclingandnoticedaperson,aboutaquarterofakilometerinfrontofme.Icouldtellhewascyclingalittleslowerthanmeanddecidedtotryto___21___him.Ihadaboutakilometertogoontheroad___22___turningoff.SoI___23___cyclingfasterandfasterandevery___24___Iwasgainingonhimjustalittlebit.AfterjustafewminutesIwasonlyabout100yards___25___him,soIreallypickedupthepaceand___26___myselfYouwouldhave___27___IwascyclinginthelastsectionofLondonOlympictriathlon.___28___,Icaughtupwithhimandpassedhimby.OntheinsideIfeltso___29___.Ibeathim,ofcourse,buthedidn'tevenknowwewere_____30_____.AfterIpassedhim,I_____31_____thatIhadbeensofocusedonpetingagainsthimthatIhad_____32_____myturn.Ihadgonenearlysixblockspastitandhadtoturnaroundandgoallthewayback.Isn'tthatwhathappensinlifewhenwe_____33_____petingwithcoworkers,neighbors,andfriends,tryingto_____34_____thatwearemoresuccessfulormoreimportant?Wespendourtimeand______35______chasingafterthemandwemissoutonourown_____36_____toourfuture.The_____37_____ofunhealthypetitionisthatit'saneverending______38______,becausetherewill_____39_____besomebodyaheadofyou,someonewithabetterjob,moremoneyandmoreeducation,etc.Therefore,justtakewhatlifehasgivenyou,yourheight,weightandpersonality.Stayfocusedandliveahealthylife.There'sno_____40_____inlife.Runyourownraceandwishotherswell!21.A.follow B.catch C.remind D.grasp22.A.before B.after C.unless D.when23.A.stopped B.enjoyed C.started D.regretted24.A.way B.block C.step D.time25.A.apartfrom B.above C.aheadof D.behind26.A.protected B.pushed C.supported D.forted27.A.thought B.remembered C.dreamt D.hoped28.A.Fortunately B.Finally C.Surprisingly D.Apparently29.A.calm B.lucky C.astonished D.good30.A.racing B.exercising C.celebrating D.cycling31.A.believed B.expected C.realized D.understood32.A.escaped B.missed C.made D.lost33.A.worryabout B.carefor C.dependon D.focuson34.A.prove B.declare C.explain D.inform35.A.tears B.money C.energy D.pain36.A.paths B.entrances C.plans D.barriers37.A.task B.difficulty C.problem D.goal38.A.movement B.cycle C.event D.routine39.A.never B.often C.sometimes D.always40.A.mistake B.petition C.pressure D.challenge【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.D26.B27.A28.B29.D30.A31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C36.A37.C38.B39.D40.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由太专注于赶上前面骑车的那个人而错过转弯的路口这件事联想到生活中的不良竞争，认识到生活中没有竞争，我们要走自己的路并且祝福在我们前面的人。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看得出他骑得比我慢，于是决定努力赶上他。A.follow跟随；B.catch赶上；C.remind提醒；D.grasp理解。虽然那个人在我前面，但我看得出他骑得比我慢，于是决定努力赶上他，故B项正确。【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在转弯之前我还要骑一公里左右。A.before在……之前；B.after在……之后；C.unless除非；D.when当……时。上文说再个人在我前面四分之一公里处，我决定要赶上他，此处是说我还要骑一公里才转弯，故A项正确。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我开始骑得越来越快，每过一个街区，我就会比他快一点点。A.stopped停止；B.enjoyed喜欢；C.started开始；D.regretted后悔。上文说我要赶上他，所以我开始快骑，故C项正确。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.way路；B.block街区；C.step步；D.time次数。根据下文中的“sixblocks”可知，此处是说每过一个街区，我就会比他快一点点，故B项正确。【25题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，我离他只有一百码的距离了。A.apartfrom除去；B.above在……之上；C.aheadof在……之前；D.behind在……之后。我骑得越来越快，努力赶上他，所以很快我就只落后他一百码了，故D项正确。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是我加快了速度，推动自己（让自己加把劲）。A.protected保护；B.pushed推动；C.supported支持；D.forted安慰。离他只有一百码的距离了，于是我加快了速度，让自己再加把劲，故B项正确。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你会以为我在伦敦奥运会铁人三项比赛的最后一段比赛中骑自行车。A.thought想、认为；B.remembered记得；C.dreamt梦想；D.hoped希望。不知道的人还以为我在伦敦奥运会铁人三项比赛的最后一段比赛中骑自行车呢，旨在表明我骑得很快，故A项正确。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我赶上并超过了他。A.Fortunately幸运地；B.Finally最后、终于；C.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；D.Apparently明显地。经过一段时间的拼命追赶，我终于赶上了他，故B项正确。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在内心深处，我感觉很好。A.calm冷静的；B.lucky幸运的；C.astonished惊讶的；D.good好的。打败他让我感觉很爽，故D项正确。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，他甚至都不知道我们在比赛。A.racing比赛；B.exercising锻炼；C.celebrating庆祝；D.cycling骑车。上文说我的拼命程度不亚于伦敦奥运会铁人三项比赛中的骑自行车，而他甚至都不知道我把这当成了一场比赛，故A项正确。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我超过他之后，我意识到我一直太专注于与他竞争，以至于错过了我转弯的路口。A.believed相信；B.expected期望；C.realized意识到、认识到；D.understood理解。根据空后的“thatIhadbeensofocusedonpetingagainsthimthatIhad____12____myturn.”可知，我意识到我太专注于与他竞争，以至于错过了我转弯的路口，故C项正确。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.escaped逃离；B.missed错过；C.made做成；D.lost失去。上文说我还要骑一公里才转弯，但我因太专注于与他竞争而错过了转弯的路口，故B项正确。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：生活中当我们专注于与同事、邻居和朋友竞争，试图证明我们更成功或更重要时不就是这样吗?A.worryabout担心；B.carefor照顾；C.dependon依靠；D.focuson集中于。我一直太专注于与他竞争，