英语教程3Unit-6课件

ListeningandspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCultureexpressContentPronunciationandlisteningskillsConversationsPassageListeningandspeakingListeningforimpliedmeaningListentosomeshortconversationsandchoosethebetanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Tips在做推断题时，需要根据听力材料的内容、关键词、上下文等，利用逻辑推理、归纳等方法来领会说话者的言外之意，从而选择出正确答案。这类题目的题干中常出现infer,imply,mostlikely,leastlikely,probably等词语。ListeningforimpliedmeaningListentosomeshortconversationsandchoosethebetanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?✔✔ATonycouldnotcontinuepracticing.BTonylostthematchyesterday.CTonyhadexpecteditwaseasiertowin.2Whatdoesthemanimply?AHebrokethejar.BHehadanaccident.CHedidn’tlikejam.ListeningforimpliedmeaningListentosomeshortconversationsandchoosethebetanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.3Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman’sanswer?✔✔AShe’dliketoturnontheairconditioner.BShe’dliketohavethewindowopen.CShelovesfreshair.4Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?AThegirlsalwaysquarrelwitheachother.BThegirlsgotonwellwitheachother.CThewomanwasalwaysangrywiththeothergirls.ScriptsListeningforimpliedmeaning1.Woman:Hi,Tony.Howdidyourmatchgoyesterday?Man:Well,itwasn’taseasyasIhadthought.Ihavetocontinuepracticing.Question:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?2.Woman:IjustmadeajarofjamthismorningandnowIcan’tfinditanywhere.Doyouknowwhathappenedtoit？Man:Didyouhearacrash?Thatwasit.I’mjustasclumsyasever.Question:Whatdoesthemanimply?ScriptsListeningforimpliedmeaning3.Man:Doyouwanttoturnontheairconditioneroropenthewindow?Woman:Ilovefreshairifyoudon’tmind.Question:Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman’sanswer?4.Man:Whatwoulditbelikelivingwiththosegirls?Woman:Itwasafantasticdorm.Ialwaysgotmadwhenpeoplesaidwegirlscouldn’tgetalong.Therewasnoquarrel.Wehadawonderfultime.Question:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?ConversationsConversation1Conversation2FunctionallanguageExercisesExercisesFunctionallanguagePetersaysthereisaphotoexhibitionattheartgallerythisweek.1.

Listen

toaconversationanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).FFTMarywillbebusythisSaturdayevening.PeterandMarywillmeetat5:00p.m.atMary’shouse.Conversation1

–Extendinginvitations&responsesWordtipsartgallery

n.

美术馆Ihearthere’sagreatpaintingexhibitionattheartgallerythisweek.I’mwonderingifyou_____________

gowithme.2.

Listenagainandcompletethefollowingsentenceswithwhatyouhear.Areyoufreetomorrowevening,_________________?Oh,I’msorry._____________I’llbebusytomorrownight.IhavetofinishtwotermpapersbythisFriday.Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responses4.Sure,Saturday

_______________tome.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.mightliketobyanychanceI’mafraidsoundsgreatScriptsConversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesPeter:Hello,thisisPeterspeaking.MayIspeaktoMary?Mary:Hello,Maryspeaking.Peter:Mary,Ihearthere’sagreatpaintingexhibitionattheartgallerythisweek.I’mwonderingifyoumightliketogowithme.Mary:Yes,I’dloveto.Peter:Areyoufreetomorrowevening,byanychance?Mary:Oh,I’msorry.I’mafraidI’llbebusytomorrownight.IhavetofinishtwotermpapersbythisFriday.ScriptsConversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesPeter:Well,whataboutgoingtherethisSaturdayevening?Mary:Sure,Saturdaysoundsgreattome.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.Whattimeshouldwemeet?Peter:Let’smakeit5:00p.m.atyourhouse.Mary:OK.Seeyouthen.3.

Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.Situation1AisB’sboyfriend.AisgoingtoinviteBtoseeanewmovie.Situation2AandBareartstudents.AisgoingtoinviteBtoseeaphotoexhibition.GUIDEDCONVERSATIONA:CallBtoinvitehim/hertoamovie/photoexhibition.B:AcceptA’sinvitation.A:Talkaboutwhenandwheretomeet.B:AgreetoA’ssuggestionandthankAfortheinvitation.(Sample)Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responses(Sample)Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation1Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesJack:Hello,Rose.Whatareyoudoing?Rose:Hi,honey.I’mhavingmylunch.What’sup?Jack:Anewmovieison.Wouldyouliketogotoseeitwithmethisevening?Rose:Sure,I’dloveto.Jack:OK.Howaboutmeetingat5:00p.m.infrontofyourapartmentbuilding?Wecanhavedinnertogetherbeforewegotothecinema.Rose:Soundsgreat.Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation2Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesLisa:Hello,ThisisLisaspeaking.IsJerrythere?Jerry:Hi,Lisa.ThisisJerry.Lisa:Jerry,there’sagreatphotoexhibitionattheartgallerythisweekend.I’mwonderingifyoumightliketogowithme.Jerry:Yes,ofcourse.Lisa:WouldyoubefreethisSaturdaymorning?Jerry:Yes.Howarewegoingtomeet?Lisa:Whataboutmeetinginfrontoftheartgalleryat9:00thisSaturday?Jerry:Great.Iwillseeyouat9:00onSaturdaymorningthen.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.Thanksalot.FunctionalLanguageExtendinginvitationsResponsesI’mwonderingifyoumightliketogowithme.Areyoufreetomorrowevening,byanychance?WouldyoubefreethisSaturdayevening?WhataboutgoingtherethisSaturdayevening?Wouldyouliketogotoseethatmoviewithme?Yes,I’dloveto.Sure,Saturdaysoundsgreattome.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.Thankyou.I’dlovetoverymuch.Yes,ofcourse.Oh,I’msorry.I’mafraidthat…Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responses1.

Listentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Wordtipssidedishn.配菜Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responses1Whosebirthdaypartyaretheygoingtotakepartin?ARobert’s.BMary’s.CJay’s.AHisschedulehasjustbeenchanged.BHelovespoolpartyverymuch.CHehasnotseenhisfriendsforalongperiodoftime.2WhydoesRobertfinallyagreetogototheparty?✔✔2.

Listenagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).FFTFConversation2-Extendinginvitations&responses1

ThepartywillbeheldonSundayevening.2

Robertwillnotinvitehisgirlfriendtothebirthdayparty.3

ThepartywillbeheldatJay’shouse.4

Everyonewillbringamaindishtotheparty.ScriptsConversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesWoman:Robert,areyougoingtobeintownthisweekend?Man:Idon’thaveanythingscheduledyet.Woman:WearewonderingifyouwouldliketocometoMary’sbirthdaypartyonSaturday.Man:Thatsoundsverynice,butI’mnotsureifI’mfreethen.Woman:Oh,comeon.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforages.Youcanbringyourgirlfriendandwe’llhaveagreattimetogether.Man:Allright.I’llcallher.Willitbeatyourhouse?Woman:ThepartywillbeatJay’shouse,outbythepool.Man:Willeveryonebringsomefood?ScriptsConversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesWoman:Itwouldbegreatifyoucouldbringasidedish,buttherestofthefoodwillbeprovided.Man:Whatshouldwewear?Woman:Thisisapoolparty,somakesuretobringyourbathingsuit.Man:Soundslikeit’llbefun.SeeyouguysonSaturday.3.

Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesSituation1AinvitesBtohavedinnerathis/herhousethisweekend.Situation2AandBareathleticstudents.AisgoingtoinviteBtowatchafigureskating(花样滑冰)competition.(Sample)(Sample)3.

Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesGUIDEDCONVERSATIONA:AskBifhe/sheisfreethisweekend.B:Giveapositiveanswer.A:InviteBtohavedinner/watchafigureskatingcompetition.B:AcceptA’sinvitation.A:Talkaboutwhenandwheretomeet.B:AgreetoA’ssuggestionandthankAfortheinvitation.Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation1Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesMay:Willyoubefreethisweekend,June?June:I’mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisSunday,butI’llbefreeonSaturday.May:Myparentsaregoingonavacation,soIwillstayathomealone.I’dliketoinviteyoutodinnerthisweekend.June:Thankyou.I’dlovetoverymuch.May:Let’smakeit6∶00p.m.atmyhouse.Afterdinner,wecanwatchamovietogether.June:Sure,itsoundsgreattome.DoIneedtobringanyfoodordrinks?May:No,youdon’thavetobringanything.Iwillgeteverythingready.June:OK.It’sveryniceofyoutoinviteme.Thanksalot!Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation2Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesTom:Hey,Lily.WillyoubefreethisFriday,byanychance?Lily:Yes,Ithinkso.Tom:Wouldyoubeinterestedinwatchingafigureskatingcompetitionwithme?Ijustgottwotickets.Lily:Afigureskatingcompetition?Thatwouldbelovely.Tom:ThenI’llpickyouupatyourhouseat6:00p.m.thisFriday.Lily:Thatsoundsgreat.Thankyousomuchforinvitingme.Tom:You’rewelcome.I’llseeyouthisFriday,then.Lily:OK.Seeyou!FunctionalLanguageExtendinginvitationsResponsesWearewonderingifyouwouldliketocometo…Iwouldliketoinviteyoutodinnerthisweekend.Wouldyoubeinterestedinwatching…?Couldyoucometohavedinnerwithme?Mm,that’sagreatidea.That’dbelovely.Thatsoundsverynice.Thankyou.Yes,withpleasure.Ican’t,I’mafraid.I’mbusythisweekend.Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responses1.

Listentoapassageandcheck(✔)thereasonswhypeoplelovedrinkingcoffee.Wordtipscaffeine

n.

咖啡因alert

adj.

警觉的reduce

v.

减少；降低diabetesn.

糖尿病decafn.

脱咖啡因的咖啡Passage1.

Listentoapassageandcheck(✔)thereasonswhypeoplelovedrinkingcoffee.Passage✔✔✔1

Coffeecangetthemgoinginthemornings.2

Coffeecanwakethemupinthemornings.3

Coffeecanwakethemupintheafternoons.4

Coffeecanpreparethemforspecialbusinessmeetings.5

Coffeecanpreparethemforparties.2.

Listenagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).TTFPassage1

Somepeopledon’tlikecoffeewithcaffeinebecausetheyareafraidthatitwilldoharmtotheirhealth.2

Caffeineincoffeecaneffectivelylowertheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.3

Coffeewithoutcaffeinedoesnottastegood.ScriptsPassageAllovertheworld,peopledrinkcoffee.Whereveryougo,fromsmalltownstolargecities,youwillnodoubtfindpeoplewhodrinkcoffee.Whydosomanypeoplelovedrinkingcoffee?Well,manyofusrelyoncoffeetogetusgoinginthemornings,wakeusupintheafternoons,andprepareusforspecialbusinessmeetings.Somepeoplechoosecoffeewithoutcaffeineforfearthatthecaffeineincoffeewilldoharmtotheirhealth.Butstudiesshowthatcoffeewithcaffeineisactuallyveryhelpfulaslongaspeopledon’tdrinktoomuchofit.Caffeineworkswondersinmorewaysthanone.Inadditiontogivingpeopleenergy,keepingpeopleawakeandalert,thecaffeineincoffeealsohasotherhealthbenefits.Forexample,researchsuggeststhatdrinkingcoffeecaneffectivelyreducetheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.Ofcourse,somepeoplelikedecaf.Itstilltastesgood,butyouwillnotbegettingtheadditionalbenefitsofdrinkingcoffeewithcaffeineinit.Passage1

Whatbeveragedoyoulikemost?2

Whydoyoulikeit?3

Whendoyoulikedrinkingit?4

Whatbenefitsdoesthebeveragehaveonyourhealth?5

Whatharmsdoesthebeveragedotoyourhealth?6

Doyouknowtheoriginofthebeverage?3.

Workingroupstotalkaboutthebeverage(饮料)youlikemost.Youmayaskthefollowingquestions:PassageIlikeorangejuiceverymuchandoftendrinkitinthemornings.ItisanexcellentsourceofvitaminC,

whichhelpsthebodyfightinfections.Variousmedicalstudiesshowthatorangejuicemayhelplower

bothcholesterol(胆固醇)levelsandbloodpressurelevels,whicharetwoverycommonproblemsamong

middle-agedpeople.Sinceorangejuiceisoffairlyhighcalorie,itisnecessarytoavoiddrinkingtoomuch

ofit.Besuretocheckthesugarcontentonthelabelwhenchoosingorangejuiceifyoureallywantto

getthemostbenefitsfromit.PassageAPassageBCoffeecultureAnartwitharoma—CoffeepaintingReadingCoffeecultureLead-inTextstudyExercisesPassageAPassageA–CoffeecultureLead-inExtendedreadingPre-readingquestionsVideoappreciationPassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-VideoappreciationThehistoryofcoffeeisasrichasthebrewitself,datingbackmorethanathousandyears.ThefirstcoffeeplantsaresaidtohavecomefromtheHornofAfricaontheshoresoftheRedSea.Originally,coffeebeansweretakenasafoodandnotasabeverage.Later,aroundtheyear1000AD,Ethiopiansconcoctedatypeofwinefromcoffeeberries,fermentingthedriedbeansinwater.CoffeealsogrewnaturallyontheArabianPeninsula,anditwasthere,duringthe11thcenturythatcoffeewasfirstdevelopedintoahotdrink.

Thecultivationofcoffeebegansometimeinthefifteenthcentury,andformanycenturiestofollow,theYemenprovinceofArabiawastheworld'sprimarysourceofcoffee.ThedemandforcoffeeintheNearEastwasveryhigh.ThebeansleavingtheYemeniportofMochafortradewerehighlyguarded.Infact,PassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-Extendedreadingnofertileplantswereallowedtoleavethecountry.Despitetherestrictions,MuslimpilgrimsfromacrosstheglobeduringtheirpilgrimagestoMeccamanagedtosmugglecoffeeplantsbacktotheirhomelands,andcoffeecropssoontookrootinIndia.CoffeealsomadeitswayintoEuropearoundthistimethroughthecityofVenice,wherefleetstradedperfumes,teas,dyesandfabricswithArabicmerchantsalongtheSpiceRoute.ManyEuropeanmerchantsgrewaccustomedtodrinkingcoffeeoverseasandbroughtitbackwiththem.Bythemiddleofthe17thcenturytheDutchdominatedtheworld'smerchantshippingindustry,andtheyintroducedlarge-scalecoffeecultivationtotheircoloniesinIndonesiaontheislandsofJava,Sumatra,SulawesiandBali.PassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-ExtendedreadingCoffeearrivedinLatinAmericaseveraldecadeslater,whentheFrenchbroughtacuttingofacoffeeplanttoMartinique.ButwhenarareplantdiseasespreadthroughthecoffeefieldsofSoutheastAsiainthemid19thcentury,Brazilemergedastheworld'sforemostcoffeeproducer,anhonorthecountrystillholdstoday.PassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-ExtendedreadingPassageA–CoffeeculturePre-readingquestionsWorkingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.Itrevealstheimportantroleofcoffeeandcoffee

housesinWesternpeople’slives.1.IntheWest,peoplesay,“IfI’mnotinthecoffeehouse,Iwillbeonthewaytothecoffeehouse.”Whatdoyouthinkofthestatement?PassageA–CoffeeculturePre-readingquestionsWorkingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.2.SomepeoplethinkthatteaistotheChinesewhatcoffeeistotheWesterners.Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?Iagreewiththisopinion.CoffeeisofgreatimportancetoWesternerswhileteaisanecessitytothe

Chinese.

ThereisanoldChinesesaying,“Firewood,rice,oil,salt,sauce,vinegar,andteaaretheseven

necessitiestobeginaday.”ThestatementshowshowimportantteaisinChinesepeople’slives.PassageA–CoffeecultureTextstudyOrganizationofthetextLanguagepointsTextreadingPassageACoffeecultureCoffeehasahistorydatingbacktoatleastthe9thcentury.FirstdiscoveredinEthiopia,coffeebeanswerebroughtintotheMiddleEastbyArabianbusinessmeninthe15thcentury.ThentheywerespreadintoEgypt,Turkey,andNorthAfrica.IslamicmerchantsthenbroughtthebeanstothethrivingportcityofVenice,wheretheysoldthemtowealthyItalianbuyers.Soon,theDutchbeganimportingandgrowingcoffeeinplaceslikeJavaandCeylon(largelythroughcheapslavelabor).TheEastIndiaCompanyhelpedpopularizecoffeeinEngland.AnditgraduallyspreadacrossEuropeandevenreachedAmerica._________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeecultureWheretherehasbeencoffee,therehasbeenthecoffeehouse.Fromthe15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishmentswheremengatheredtolistentomusic,playchess,andhearpeoplereadingfromworksofliterature,tothecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryPariswherefamousFrenchwriterssuchasVoltaireandRousseaucametoenjoyahotcupofcoffee,coffeehouseshavetraditionallyservedascentersofsocialinteraction—placeswherepeoplecancometorelax,chat,andexchangeideas._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeeculture3.Themoderncoffeeshopismodeledontheespresso-andpastry-centeredItaliancoffeehousesthatarosewiththeestablishmentofItalian-AmericanimmigrantcommunitiesinmajorU.S.citiessuchasNewYorkCity’sLittleItalyandGreenwichVillage.NewYorkcoffeeshopswereoftenvisitedbytheBeatpoetsandwritersinthe1950s.Itwasn’tlongbeforeSeattleandotherpartsofthePacificNorthwestweredevelopingcoffeeshopsaspartofathrivingcounterculturescene.TheSeattle-basedcoffeecompanyStarbuckstookthismodelandbroughtitintomainstreamculture.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeeculture4.Althoughcoffeehousestodaycontinuetoservetheirtraditionalroleaslivelysocialcentersinmanycommunities,theyhavealsoadaptedtothetimes.Rediscoveringtheirrolesascentersofinformationexchangeandcommunication,manycoffeeshopsnowprovidetheircustomerswithInternetaccessandnewspapers.IthasbecomecommontoseesomeonesittinginStarbuckslisteningtomusicorsurfingtheWebonalaptop.Coffeeshopstodayalsohavetheirunique,easy-to-recognizestyle:woodenfurnitureandcomfortablesofas,paintingsonwallsandsoftlighting,whichcombinetogivecoffeeshopsthecozyfeelingofahomeawayfromhome.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Today,bigbusinessretailcoffeeshopsareexpandingquicklyallovertheworld.Starbucksalonehasstoresinover60countriesandplanstoaddmore.Despiteitspopularity,Starbuckshasbeencriticizedbymanyasablood-suckingcorporatemachine,drivingsmallercoffeeshopsoutofbusinessthroughunfairpractices.Thishasevenproducedananti-corporatecoffeecounterculture.Peoplewhosupportthiscounterculturesaytheywillnotbuycoffeefrombigbusinesscoffeeshops.IncreasinglypopularcoffeestoressuchasTheCoffeeBeanandTeaLeafarealsogivingStarbuckssomecompetition.Inanycase,itseemsprettyclearthatcoffeehasweaveditselfintothefabricofourconsumer-orientedculture.PassageACoffeeculture_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeeculture6.Coffee,itwouldseem,ismorethanjustadrink.Eversinceitsappearance,coffeehasbeentiedcloselywithculturaltrendsandhasbeenindicativeofimportantperiodsinhistory.ItwaspouredintothecupsofthegiantsoftheFrenchEnlightenmentastheychangedthecourseofhumanthought,itwasplacedonthebacksofslavesintheeraofimperialism,itsfragrancewasintheairastheBeatpoetswroteoftheiralienation,anditisherenowastheworldcontinuestochangeinthiseraoftechnologyandglobalization.Sothenexttimeyouenjoyyourlatteorcappuccino,appreciatethefactthatyouareconnectedtocountlesspeopleacrossmanydifferentculturesanderasthroughyourloveofthatwonderfulbeverage:coffee.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageA–CoffeecultureOrganizationofthetextStructurePartI(Para.______)PartII(Para.______)PartIII(Para.______)1-23-56Introduction:

coffeehistoryandtheappearanceofcoffeehouse.Conclusion:coffeeismorethanjustadrink.Development:themoderncoffeeshops’developmentandtheircompetitionbetweenbigbusinesscoffeestoresandthesmallones.PassageA–CoffeecultureIslamicmerchantsthenbroughtthebeanstothethrivingportcityofVenice,wheretheysoldthemtowealthyItalianbuyers.接着穆斯林商人把咖啡豆带到了繁荣的港口城市威尼斯，将其卖给富有的意大利买主。thriving

我们后来搬到巴黎，在那里住了六年。WethenmovedtoParis,wherewelivedforsixyears.是现在分词作定语，修饰portcity。(Line5,Para.1)关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词

Venice作进一步的说明。PassageA–CoffeecultureWheretherehasbeencoffee,therehasbeenthecoffeehouse.有志者事竟成。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.句中where

引导了地点状语从句。(Line1,Para.2)哪里有咖啡，哪里就有咖啡屋。PassageA–CoffeecultureFromthe15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishmentswheremengatheredtolistentomusic,playchess,andhearpeoplereadingfromworksofliterature,tothecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryPariswherefamousFrenchwriterssuchasVoltaireandRousseaucametoenjoyahotcupofcoffee,coffeehouseshavetraditionallyservedascentersofsocialinteraction—placeswherepeoplecancometorelax,chat,andexchangeideas.从供人们聚集在一起听音乐、下棋、听别人朗读文学作品的15世纪的中东人创立的场所，到像伏尔泰、卢梭这样的著名法国作家来品尝热咖啡的18世纪的巴黎咖啡屋，咖啡馆自古以来就是供人们放松、聊天、交流思想的社交中心。(Line2,Para.2)15th-century

和18th-century

为合成形容词，分别作MiddleEasternestablishments

和Paris

的前置定语。类似的合成形容词还有：two-year-old

（两岁大的），three-hour

（三小时的）。

PassageA–CoffeecultureFromthe15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishmentswheremengatheredtolistentomusic,playchess,andhearpeoplereadingfromworksofliterature,tothecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryPariswherefamousFrenchwriterssuchasVoltaireandRousseaucametoenjoyahotcupofcoffee,coffeehouseshavetraditionallyservedascentersofsocialinteraction—placeswherepeoplecancometorelax,chat,andexchangeideas.(Line2,Para.2)句中有三个

where

引导的定语从句，先行词分别为

the15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishments，thecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryParis和

places。PassageA–CoffeecultureThemoderncoffeeshopismodeledontheespresso-andpastry-centeredItaliancoffeehousesthatarosewiththeestablishmentofItalian-AmericanimmigrantcommunitiesinmajorU.S.citiessuchasNewYorkCity’sLittleItalyandGreenwichVillage.现代咖啡馆是模仿意大利咖啡馆而建的，这些意大利咖啡馆以卖浓缩咖啡和酥皮点心为主，它们是随着美国大城市中意大利裔移民聚集区（如纽约的小意大利和格林尼治村）的建立而出现的。(Line1,Para.3)espresso-

andpastry-centered

其实是espresso-centeredandpastry-centered的省略形式，是名词+过去分词构成的合成形容词。本句中的that

引导定语从句，修饰先行词coffeehouses，在定语从句中作主语。PassageA–CoffeecultureThemoderncoffeeshopismodeledontheespresso-andpastry-centeredItaliancoffeehousesthatarosewiththeestablishmentofItalian-AmericanimmigrantcommunitiesinmajorU.S.citiessuchasNewYorkCity’sLittleItalyandGreenwichVillage.Italian-American:(Line1,Para.3)文中列举了美国纽约市的两个意大利裔移民社区：LittleItaly

（小意大利）和GreenwichVillage

（格林尼治村）。n.theUnitedStatescitizensofItalianancestry意大利裔美国人PassageA–CoffeecultureItwasn’tlongbeforeSeattleandotherpartsofthePacificNorthwestweredevelopingcoffeeshopsaspartofathrivingcounterculturescene.(Line7,Para.3)不久，在西雅图和太平洋西北部的其他地方也开始出现咖啡馆，并成为蓬勃发展的反正统文化的一部分。句中的before

引导时间状语从句。It’snotlongbefore…不久不久，他意识到这个事实。Itwasn’tlongbeforeherealizedthefact.不久我就找到了遗失的钱包。ItwasnotlongbeforeItrackeddownthelostwallet.PassageA–CoffeecultureIthasbecomecommontoseesomeonesittinginStarbuckslisteningtomusicorsurfingtheWebonalaptop.经常可以看到人们在星巴克听音乐或用笔记本上网。句中的

it

是形式主语，真正的主语是toseesomeonesittinginStarbuckslisteningtomusicorsurfingtheWebonalaptop。(Line7,Para.4)sittinginStarbucks

和前面的someone

一起构成see

的复合宾语；而listeningtomusic

和surfingtheWebonalaptop

是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。PassageA–CoffeecultureCoffeeshopstodayalsohavetheirunique,easy-to-recognizestyle:woodenfurnitureandcomfortablesofas,paintingsonwallsandsoftlighting,whichcombinetogivecoffeeshopsthecozyfeelingofahomeawayfromhome.直到今天，咖啡馆仍然具有其独特、易识别的风格：木制的家具、舒适的沙发、墙上的绘画以及柔和的灯光，所有这些元素给咖啡馆营造了一种家一样的温暖舒适的氛围。which

引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为woodenfurnitureandcomfortablesofas，paintingsonwallsandsoftlighting。(Line9,Para.4)PassageA–CoffeecultureDespiteitspopularity,Starbuckshasbeencriticizedbymanyasablood-suckingcorporatemachine,drivingsmallercoffeeshopsoutofbusinessthroughunfairpractices.尽管星巴克深受欢迎，但很多人指责它是“吸血企业机器”，用不正当的行为致使小型咖啡馆破产。(Line3,Para.5)criticizesth./sb.as…:批评某事物或某人为……警察批评司机是一个不负责任的人。Thepolicemancriticizedthedriverasanirresponsibleperson.drivingsmallercoffeeshopsoutofbusinessthroughunfairpractices是现在分词短语作原因状语。PassageA–CoffeecultureInanycase,itseemsprettyclearthatcoffeehasweaveditselfintothefabricofo